Feminist movement in the republic of Honduras had its greater peak around the middle of the 20th century. Honduran feminists held marches on the streets with the object to request equality of rights with Honduran men.
History
edit19th century
editThe foundation of the movement of feminine release in Europe and afterwards in United States; whose end was the one to demand equality of rights to the ones of the men, regarding works, wages, academic recognitions, etc. especially, to delete the role of the woman like possession of his families or husbands, neither were allocated only to serve in his homes, facilitating the independence and the economic and social empowerment of women.
The male chauvinistic appearances heredadoes of the European conquest and that they were remarked in Latin America, but around the middle of the 19th century and principles of the 20th century the feminist change was advancing little by little in the society.
20th century
editThe first feminist guild was the "Feminine Cultural Society" which was composed by women of letters and master, was initiative of the professor Visitación Padilla[Nota 1] beside her, were also: Graciela Amaya of García, Antonieta, Jesús, Mariana and Ceferina Elvir, María Luisa Medina, Eva Sofía Dávila, Goya Isabel López, Flora Suazo, Ángela and Genoveva Andean, Natalia Triminio, Rosita Amador, Juana Ochoa, Sofía Vega, María López, Adriana Hernández, Florencia Padilla, Rosa Flores; this society joined to the "Honduran Working Federation" and like this also promoted the creation of the "League Antialcohólicas of Women", of this form empeñaba in the education for adults and especially for the one of the women.[Nota 2][1]
Women's suffrage
editThe "Feminine Cultural Society" struggled previously by the political rights of the woman, before and during the diet of the Doctor and general Tiburcio Carias Andean, with expands representative majority in the Honduran parliament. As the history from the official creation of the State of Honduras in 1825, the woman did not exert the vote, is so they produced applications to claim this egalitarian human right for the Honduran woman, in the presidency of Julio Lozano Díaz emitío the "Law of Defence of the Democratic Diet and the Political Rights of the Woman", this last that did patent when the National Congress issued the Decree No. 30 that modified the Decree No. 24 in which it consolidated the political rights, cíviles and social of the Honduran woman.[2]
The starts of the 20th century, brought one expands range of revolutionary ideas in the feminine, between them the suffrage, is so the Honduran women began to link and tie these own ideas of his condition and gender. Principiando A 2 February 1946 when the feminist writer Lucila Gamero organised beside a group of sufragistas the Feminine Society Panamericana, entity for the fight of the feminine rights in Latin America, next on 5 March 1947 organised the Feminine Committee Hondureno, affiliated to the Inter-American Commission of Women with the aim to obtain political rights and right to the vote or suffrage for the women.
A fact without precedent occurred in 1949, when the Feminine Committee Honduran, útilizó the radio by means of the program of avivamiento "The Hour of the Woman" to spread his demands.[3]
The university youngsters in 1950 founded the "Association of University Women", grouping that added to others already organised to found in 1951 the Federation of Feminine Associations of Honduras (FAFH).
Between 1948 and 1954 the National Congress of Honduras only was represented parlamentariamente by deputies of the National Party, due to the fact that the Liberal Party, did not present to the general Elections of Honduras of 1948; in 1949 the Congress -Nationalist- knew the presentation of a motion proposed by the deputies Jesús Villela Vidal and Eliseo Pérez Cadalso, in which they requested "to Award the citizenship to the Honduran women", the debates between the majority of nationalist deputies, always resulted winning and against of the motion.[Nota 3][4]
In the month of January 1954 the camera of deputies of the National Congress of Honduras and low presió of the feminist organisations and of the Honduran citizenship, resolved to approve -unanimously- the Decree No. 30 conceding him the citizenship to the women; before going in in force, the resolution had to happen previously for being ratified by the Term of office of 1955, by what the women would remain out of voting in the general Elections of Honduras of 1954 to celebrate in the month of October. On 24 January 1955, being the Head of state the accountant Julio Lozano Díaz ratified the Decree 30 of 1954, by means of Decree-Law Number 29.
In 1957 the women approached to the urns to deposit in vote for the first time in the history of Honduras.[5] The Communist Party of Honduras in his short life in the nation Centroamericana gave big push to the hard-working feminism and worker, since by means of the "Asociasión of Women" tied to his political organisation, avivaban the voices of these, during and after the diet of Carías and his nationalist successors -Gálvez and Lozano Díaz- all with the end that they are listened and taken in account.
Challenges in the 21st century
editAlthough, the feminism in the republic of Honduras has advanced slowly in some areas, like the right to the vote, the participation in politics, the access to the upper education and in the labour field, in the 21st century; the women have remained even left behind in many others of his rights; in some cases, has retreated several decades and even centuries, as they are the following fields:
Clothing
editThe government of the republic of Honduras, like other social groups have tried restrict the social freedom and choosing of clothes of the women; by such reason ordered them assist to his places of works with uniform. During the administration of Juan Orlando Hernández forbade to the women that work like civil servants and employees of the governmental offices so much in the National Congress as in the Supreme Court of Justice, dress with miniskirts, with clothes adjusted to the body, necklines, minivestidos, jeans, shoes of tennis and sandals.[6][7] These prohibitions were described like mediaeval and Talibans by diverse feminist organisations in Honduras, when trying apropiarse of the decisions or freedom of clothes that corresponds to each citizen and no to the elect government to serve to the village and no to enslave it.[8][9] Besides, the same government by means of his Office of Human rights, Justice, Government and Decentralisation forbade the contests of wet T-shirts for, according to them "protect the morality and the good habits".[10][11]
After said prohibitions of clothes to the women by the government of Juan Orlando Hernández, a group of gangs taking advantage of the situation, struck to women that dyed the in colour blond hair.[12][13][14]
Employment
editA lot of women in Honduras afterwards to finalise his studies, are used to not exerting his profession when withdrawing to take care of his children, had to that the labour situation does not assign sufficient time so that the parents (father and mother) can devote to his children, being in some cases of some weeks.
Femicides
editThe women, to the equal that the rest of the population suffer of the flagelo of the sicariato, which is due to the impunity imperante the country, by what also have joined to the rest of the population in the requirement of a height to the Honduran Genocide, adding strengths with the other sectors for comatirlo and eradicate it.
Reproductive rights
editOn 2 April 2009, the National Congress of Honduras, directed by Roberto Micheletti, forbade the sale in Honduras of the morning-after pill, being of this form Honduras, the only country of Latin America where has ilegalizado the sale of said pill; being the second country in America with more teenage pregnancies, where does not exist a suitable sexual education and in where the majority of women are abused by the same members of his families, having to bear of this form, not only the abuse of his familiar, if no also, the responsibility to take care boys that did not schedule to have, leaving his studies to devote to the care of a boy, without having economic independence and in a lot of cases neither work and having to coexist also with the abuse of his same familiar.[15]
Organizations
edit- Latin American committee and of the Caribbean for the Defence of the Rights of the Women (CLADEM-Honduras);
- Centre of Rights of Women, CDM;
- Collective Feminist University Women, COFEMUN;
- Movement of Socialist Women, "The Lolas";
- Centre of Study and Action for the Development, CESADEH;
- University Feminist youngsters;
- Network of Young Women;
- Commission of Woman Pobladora;
- Feminist articulations of Local Networks;
- Convergence of Women of Honduras;
- ANDEH, National Association of Writers of Honduras;
- Project of Integral Attention to the Woman (PRAIM/Obtains of Technical Cooperation German) GTZ
Notas
edit- ^ Honduras Laboral/Visitación Padilla [1]
- ^ Graciela Amaya de García, nacida en 1895 en la república de El Salvador, se traslado a residir a Honduras en 1915, impulso la causa socialista y feminista hasta su fallecimiento el 11 de octubre de 1995 en México, país que le dio asilo político.
- ^ Diputados a favor de la moción: Bonilla Contreras, Cárcamo Tercero, Eliseo Pérez Cadlso, Erazo Torres, Jesús Villeda Vidal, Jiménez Castro, López Rodezno, Luna Mejía, Máximo Gálvez, Víctor Cáceres Lara y Villamil.
References
edit[[Category:Honduran society]]