User:K shad17/sandbox

Ideas for my article:

In the section introducing the lack of rape education in other countries I would like to add that there are other places in the world that have participated in the “Slut Walk.” The way the article phrases other countries views on rape groups them together even though they only discuss two that apparently promote rape culture. This needs to be reworded so that it doesn’t all other countries look like rape enthusiasts.

Another component I think is important to add to this article is child rape. Unfortunately it is apart of rape culture, so it should be discussed here as well. There is a page for child sexual abuse, and rape is included, however this article should mention this and the effects it has on children male and female. It isn’t correct to leave this factor out, and only discuss young females/ males because they may occur more often. Also the effects of child rape may also cause certain lasting effects that may or may not have a correlation to rape or abusive relationships as they reach adult hood. This would be an important effect to investiagate.

Another aspect of the article I would like to help is the structure. It either needs more subheadings or the information needs to be concise. Some sections are way too long and overwhelming. I have already added minor details such as linking other wiki pages. I also added a sentence in the victim blaming and slut blaming section in regards to racism and racial stereotypes. I would also like to expand on the idea that not all people that are blamed necessarily committed rape, and maybe due to their ethnicity were deemed more of a believable candidate. This will make the article seem more neutral.

References

George, W. H., & Martínez, L. J. (2002). Victim blaming in rape: Effects of victim and perpetrator race, type of rape, and participant racism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 26(2), 110-119.

Jewkes, R., Penn-Kekana, L., & Rose-Junius, H. (2005). ‘‘If they rape me, I can’t blame them”: Reflections on gender in the social context of child rape in South Africa and Namibia. Social Science & Medicine, 61(8), 1809-1820.

Ringrose, J. (2012, May 4). Slut-shaming, girl power and ‘sexualisation’: thinking through the politics of the international SlutWalks with teen girls. Retrieved February 10, 2017. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540253.2011.645023?scroll=top&needAccess=true

Stampler, L. (2011, April 20). SlutWalks: Coming To a City Near You. The Huffington Post. Retreieved 2017-02-17 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/20/slutwalk-united-states-city_n_851725.html

Van As, A. B., Withers, M., Du Toit, N., Millar, A. J., & Rode, H. (2001). Child rape--patterns of injury management and outcome. South African Medical Journal, 91(12), 1035-1038.

Original Article with additions in bold

SlutWalk is a feminist organization that formed in response to a public statement made by Toronto police officer Michael Sanguinetti on January 24, 2011. While addressing the issue of campus rape at a York Universitysafety forum, Sanguinetti said that "women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimized."

The SlutWalk and Besharmi Morcha movements are credited with popularizing the term via mass media reports about the protesters in the English-speaking Western media. The rallies aim to raise awareness of rape culture—which they define as a culture in which "sexual violence is both made to be invisible and inevitable"—and to end slut-shaming and victim blaming. One primary goal of this organization is to deconstruct the stigma that often comes with being a victim of rape or sexual-assault. Ringrose and Renold address that the stigma relates to the way women dress and behave, but in fact male sexual aggression is the problem. A SlutWalk that took place in London promoted several different kinds of attire including lingerie, nipple, tassels, and T-shirts with slogans to demonstrate what women wear isn’t a form of consent for sex. Cities that have hosted SlutWalks in the United States include Seattle, Boston, Chicago, Spokane, Austin, Dallas, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia The SlutWalk of Philadelphia was rebranded as The March to End Rape Culture. The idea behind the name change is so the walk can be more inclusive and promotes more diversity in its participants, volunteers, and sponsors. The original SlutWalk took place in the city of Toronto, Ontario.Other countries that have participated in the SlutWalk campaign are Australia, Argentina, New Delhi, and Sweden. 

New Header on Wiki Page

Children and Rape Culture

The word sexual assault is more often used when discussing rape culture regarding children. There are different forms of sexual assault, and according to a study conducted by the National Crime Victims and Treatment Center 14.6% of females 18 or younger indicate that sexual intercourse was involved. Another study conducted by Langan and Harlow in 1992 reports an estimated 17,000 girls under the age of 12 were raped that year. Children who are raped are more likely to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), severe depression, and substance abuse. There several government programs set up to obtain statistics about reported and unreported rape such as the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), and the BJS National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). The rape culture regarding children is existent, however states in the U.S. don’t respond to national surveys or claim there is no documentation. Education programs are needed to educate and encourage children to speak up about their experience.