User:Julius Schwarz/sandbox/europeanpoliticalorganisations
A European political organisation, or political organisation at European level is an entity operating transnationally in Europe, especially across the member states of the European Union. European political organisations differ by their level of integration, their role, and their membership.
European political parties
editA European political party is a type of political party operating transnationally in Europe and within EU institutions. They are regulated and funded by EU Regulation 1141/2014 on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations, and their operations are supervised by the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF), with which they are required to register.
European political parties – mostly consisting of national member parties, and few individual members – have the right to campaign during the European elections, for which they often adopt manifestos outlining their positions and ambitions.
European parties influence the decision-making process of the European Council through coordination meetings with their affiliated heads of state and government.[1] They also work closely with their members in the European Commission.
Current European political parties
editAs of July 2024[update], there are ten European political parties registered with the APPF:[2]
Registration pending
editAs of September 2024[update], there are two European political alliances which have applied for registration with the APPF:[20]
| European political party | Politics | Members in | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Abbr. | President | Secretary-General | Founded | Political Group | European political foundation | Position | Ideology | European integration | Parliament | Commission | Council | |
| Europe of Sovereign Nations | ESN | Alexander Sell (DE) | Alexander Jungbluth (DE) | 2024 | ESN | Far-right | Ultranationalism Right-wing populism |
Hard Euroscepticism | 24 / 720
|
0 / 27
|
0 / 27
| ||
| European Left Alliance for the People and the Planet | ELA | Malin Björk (SE) Catarina Martins (PT) |
Sophie Rauszer (FR) | 2024 | The Left | Left-wing | Democratic socialism Eco-socialism |
Soft Euroscepticism | 18 / 720
|
0 / 27
|
0 / 27
| ||
Former European political parties
editThe entities below were formerly registered with the APPF.[21]
| European political party | Timeline | Politics | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Abbr. | Founded | Removed from register | Position | Ideology | European integration | Political Group | |
| Alliance of European National Movements | AENM | 2009 | 2018[22] | Far-right[23] | Ultranationalism Right-wing populism |
Hard Euroscepticism | NI | |
| Alliance for Peace and Freedom | APF | 2015 | 2018[24] | Far-right[25] | Ultranationalism,[26] Neo-fascism[27] | Hard Euroscepticism[5] | NI | |
The entities below qualified at some point for European public funding; however, they were never registered with the APPF.
Other political entities
editThe entities below never qualified for European public funding. Some of them refer to themselves as European parties, but they are not European political parties in the sense of Regulation 1141/2014.
European political foundations
editA European political foundation is a type of political foundation affiliated to, but independent from, a European political party, and operating transnationally in the European Union. They are regulated and funded by EU Regulation 1141/2014 on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations, and their operations are supervised by the Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF), with which they are required to register.
European political foundations carry specific political activities and are networks of national political foundations.
Current European foundations
editAs of June 2024[update], there are ten European political foundations registered with the APPF:[41]
Former European foundations
editThe entities below were formerly registered with the APPF.[42]
| European political foundation | Timeline | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Abbr. | Affiliated with | Founded | Removed from register | |
| Europa Terra Nostra | ETN | Alliance for Peace and Freedom | 24 April 2018 | 13 September 2018[43] | |
The entities below qualified at some point for European public funding; however, they were never registered with the APPF.
| European political foundation | Timeline | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Abbr. | Affiliated to | Founded | Dissolved | Received European public funding | |
| EUROPA – Osservatorio sulle politiche dell'unione | EUROPA | Alliance for Europe of the Nations | 2007 | 2009 | 2007–2008[note 7] | |
| Les Refondateurs Européens[note 8] | AEN | Alliance for Europe of the Nations | 2007 | 2009 | 2007–2008[note 9] | |
| Foundation for EU Democracy | FEUD | Europeans United for Democracy | 2007 | 2010 | 2007–2010 | |
| Organisation for European Interstate Cooperation | OEIC | Europeans United for Democracy | 2011 | 2016 | 2011–2016 | |
| European Foundation for Freedom | EFF | European Alliance for Freedom | 2011 | 2016 | 2011–2016 | |
| Foundation for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy | FELD | Movement for a Europe of Liberties and Democracy | 2012 | 2015 | 2012–2015 | |
| Identités et Traditions Européennes | ITE | Alliance of European National Movements | 2013 | 2016 | 2013–2016 | |
| Initiative for Direct Democracy in Europe | IDDE | Alliance for Direct Democracy in Europe | 2015 | 2016 | 2015–2015 | |
Political groups of the European Parliament
editThe political groups of the European Parliament are the officially recognised parliamentary groups consisting of legislators of aligned ideologies in the European Parliament. Each political group is assumed to have a set of core principles, and political groups that cannot demonstrate this may be disbanded.
A political group of the EP usually constitutes the formal parliamentary representation of one of the European political parties, sometimes supplemented by members from other national political parties or independent politicians. It is strictly forbidden for political groups to organise or finance political campaigns during European elections, since this is the exclusive responsibility of the parties.[44]
Political groups of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
editThe Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 46-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law.
The Assembly has six political groups.[45]
|
| ||
|---|---|---|
| Group | Chairman | Seats |
| Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group (SOC) | Frank Schwabe (Germany) | 153 / 612
|
| European People's Party (EPP/CD) | Davor Ivo Stier (Croatia) | 141 / 612
|
| European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance (EC/DA) | Ian Liddell-Grainger (United Kingdom) | 104 / 612
|
| Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) | Iulian Bulai (Romania) | 91 / 612
|
| Unified European Left Group (UEL) | Andrej Hunko (Germany) Anne Stambach-Terrenoir (France) |
33 / 612
|
| Members not belonging to any group | 71 / 612
| |
Party Groups in the Nordic Council
editThe Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomous areas of the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. The representatives are members of parliament in their respective countries or areas and are elected by those parliaments.
The Nordic Council comprises the following party groups:
| Name | Abbr. | Founded | Ideology | Political Group | Nordic Council |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Centre Group | MG | 1983 | Liberalism Christian democracy Green politics (Nordic) Agrarianism |
Renew, Greens/EFA, EPP Group | 24 / 87
|
| Conservative Group | Conservatism Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism |
EPP Group | 13 / 87
| ||
| Nordic Freedom | NF | 2012 | Right-wing populism National conservatism Euroscepticism |
ECR, ID | 8 / 87
|
| Nordic Green Left Alliance | NGLA | 2004 | Democratic socialism Eco-socialism Popular socialism Socialism Environmentalism Feminism Progressivism |
GUE/NGL, Greens/EFA | 11 / 87
|
| The Social Democratic Group | S-Norden | Social democracy | S&D | 26 / 87
|
Party Groups in the Benelux Parliament
editThe Benelux Parliament (officially known as the Benelux Interparliamentary Assembly) is one of the institutions of the Benelux economic union. The Parliament was established by an agreement signed by Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg in 1955, and provides the governments with advice on economic and cross-frontier cooperation.
The Benelux Parliament comprises the following party groups:
| Name | Ideology | Political Group | Benelux Parliament |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Group | Christian democracy Liberal conservatism Conservatism Centrism |
EPP Group, ECR | 14 / 49
|
| Liberal Group | Liberalism Conservative liberalism Classical liberalism Social liberalism |
Renew | 11 / 49
|
| Socialists, Greens and Democrats | Social democracy Green politics Democratic socialism |
GUE/NGL, Greens/EFA, S&D | 13 / 49
|
Political alliances
editThe entities below are looser alliances or networks of national entities and operate across borders.
Currently active alliances
editDefunct alliances
edit- The European Alliance of EU-critical Movements: an alliance of Eurosceptic or EU-critical associations, including NGOs and political parties
- European National Front (ENF): an alliance of ultra-nationalist and far-right parties;
- Euronat: an alliance of Far-right, ultranationalist parties;
- Initiative of Communist and Workers' Parties: an alliance of Marxist–Leninist parties; and
- Movement for European Reform: an alliance of conservative, pro-free market and Eurosceptic parties.[46]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Listed as Association pour l’Identité et Démocratie Fondation by the APPF.
- ^ The note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament on the 2016 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level states that the ADDE was "under dissolution procedure since 26/04/2017" and that, "ADDE was awarded a grant for the financial year 2016 and was obliged to submit the 2016 final report by 30 June 2017. The party did not comply with this obligation." As a result, the note proposes "that the Bureau initiates the two procedures for termination of the 2016 grant decisions for the ADDE party and its affiliated foundation IDDE." With regards to the grant for 2017, the note indicates that "as a result [of the dissolution procedure], the Bureau initiated the termination procedure of the 2017 grant decision for ADDE pursuant to Article 11.9.2 (e) of the grant award decision. The Bureau confirmed on 1 November 2017 that the termination procedure shall be continued."
- ^ The note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament on the 2017 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level states that "one party and one foundation, for which the pre-financing has not been paid, have neither cooperated with the external auditor nor submitted a final report for the financial year 2017. All attempts of the European Parliament services to contact the respective beneficiaries remained unsuccessful. It appears that the two entities ceased their activities. Considering the circumstances and the non-cooperation with the European Parliament it is proposed that the Bureau sets the final grant amount to zero." Later, it concludes that "for all 22 beneficiaries mentioned in this note (except for EUD, CVF and FP) [...] it is therefore proposed to approve the final reports." Since EUD had waived its request for a grant, this only leaves Coalition pour la vie et la famille and its affiliated Pegasus Foundation as the "one party and one foundation" referred to above. Annex 1 of the note confirms that no pre-financing had been paid to these two entities.
- ^ The note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament on the 2017 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level states that, "subject to dissolution procedure, the party [had] waived the 2017 grant."
- ^ The note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament on the 2009 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level states that "an initial positive decision on the tenth applicant, the Libertas Party Limited was later suspended; consequently a grant agreement was never signed."
- ^ Listed as Association pour l’Identité et Démocratie Fondation by the APPF.
- ^ As part of the pilot programme of the European Commission.
- ^ Changed its name to "Association pour la Fédération Politique Européenne pour la Démocratie" in April 2008.
- ^ As part of the pilot programme of the European Commission.
References
edit- ^ European political parties and the European Council: A pattern of ever closer coordination? (Report). European Parliament Research Service. 2022. PE 699.476.
- ^ "Registered parties". Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
- ^ Slomp, Hans (26 September 2011). Europe, A Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics. ABC-CLIO. p. 246. ISBN 978-0-313-39182-8. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Nordsieck, Wolfram (2019). "European Union". Parties and Elections in Europe.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Demetriou, Kyriakos (2014). The European Union in Crisis : Explorations in Representation and Democratic Legitimacy. Springer. p. 46. ISBN 9783319087740.
- ^ Carolan, Ciara (10 April 2024). "Qatargate: Right-wing MEPs voted en masse against key anti-corruption measures". The Brussels Times. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ Bullens, Lara (4 June 2024). "European parliamentary elections: What a right-wing surge could mean for the EU". France 24. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ Joyner, Ella (11 June 2024). "Europe's far right won ground in the EU elections. Can they unite to wield power?". AP News. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
- ^ Alonso, Aida (8 March 2024). "The European Free Alliance sets out its key demands ahead of elections". Euronews. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ Barigazzi, Jacopo; Sorgi, Gregorio (21 June 2023). "Italy has won migration. It's aiming for Europe next". Politico EU. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ Gotev, Georgi (6 May 2024). "The Brief – Looking back before we vote". Euractiv. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
- ^ [6][7][8][9][10][11]
- ^ "The Kremlin 'hosts' the European extreme right". OSW. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ Alan Siaroff (2019). Comparative European Party Systems: An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945. Taylor & Francis. p. 469. ISBN 978-1-317-49876-6.
- ^ Baker, David; Schnapper, Pauline (2015). Britain and the Crisis of the European Union. Springer. p. 87. ISBN 9781137005205.
- ^ a b FitzGibbon, John; Leruth, Benjamin; Startin, Nick (2016). Euroscepticism as a Transnational and Pan-European Phenomenon : The Emergence of a New Sphere of Opposition. Routledge. p. 198. ISBN 9781317422501.
- ^ a b Whitaker, Richard; Lynch, Philip (2014). "Understanding the Formation and Actions of Eurosceptic Groups in the European Parliament: Pragmatism, Principles and Publicity". Government and Opposition. 49 (2): 232–263. doi:10.1017/gov.2013.40. hdl:2381/28315. ISSN 0017-257X. S2CID 36404558.
- ^ Kenealy, Daniel; Peterson, John; Corbett, Richard (2015). The European Union: How does it work? (4 ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 155. ISBN 978-0199685370.
- ^ Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa (2014). How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6.
- ^ "Applications not approved or pending | Applications for registration". Authority for European Political Parties andEuropean Political Foundations. Retrieved 2 September 2024.
- ^ "Registered parties". Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ To remove Alliance of European National Movements from the Register (Decision OJ C 417, 16.11.2018). Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. 29 August 2018. p. 9-10.
- ^ Nathalie Brack; Olivier Costa (2014). How the EU Really Works. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4724-1465-6.
- ^ To remove Alliance for Peace and Freedom from the Register (Decision OJ C 417, 16.11.2018). Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. 13 September 2018. p. 11-12.
- ^ Mützel, Daniel (27 April 2016). "European Parliament funding of neo-Nazi conference rings alarm bells". EURACTIV. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
- ^ "The Kremlin 'hosts' the European extreme right". osw.waw.pl. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ^ Shaffer, Ryan (2018). "Pan-European thought in British fascism: the International Third Position and the Alliance for Peace and Freedom". Patterns of Prejudice. 52: 78–99. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2017.1417191. S2CID 148834755.
The APF was founded in 2015 as a pan-European political party that included dozens of leading fascist officials from parties throughout Europe...
- ^ 2016 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level (PDF) (Note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament D(2017)37790). European Parliament. 22 September 2017. p. 4 & 9.
- ^ 2017 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level (PDF) (Note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament D(2018)32296). European Parliament. 30 August 2018. p. 10.
- ^ 2017 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level (PDF) (Note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament D(2018)32296). European Parliament. 30 August 2018. p. 5.
- ^ Calossi, Enrico (2016). Anti-Austerity Left Parties in the European Union. Competition, Coordination, Integration. Pisa: Pisa University Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-886741-6653.
- ^ 2009 final reports of political parties and foundations at European level (PDF) (Note of the Secretary-General of the European Parliament D(2010)32936). European Parliament. 30 August 2010. p. 2.
- ^ Varoufakis, Yanis (December 2015). Capitalism will eat democracy — unless we speak up (video). TEDGlobal. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ George, Susan (October 2009). Susan George on Ecological Economics (video). EcoLabs1 via YouTube. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ Pietrandrea, Paola (March 2018). "The polis needs the feminine, at least as much as the feminine needs the polis". Diem25.org. Democracy in Europe Movement 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ Collins, Abel (13 February 2014). "Chomsky: Putting the eco back in economy". HuffPost. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ Bershidsky, Leonid (20 March 2017). "Happy nations don't focus on growth". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Progressive Agenda for Europe". diem25.org. Democracy in Europe Movement 2025. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ Lydon, Christopher (2 June 2017). "Noam Chomsky: Neoliberalism Is Destroying Our Democracy". The Nation. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- ^ "Free Palestine Party".
- ^ "Registered parties". Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. Archived from the original on 26 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
- ^ "Registered parties". Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ To remove Europa Terra Nostra from the Register (Decision 2018/C 418/05, 19.11.2018). Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations. 13 September 2018.
- ^ "European political parties". European Parliament.
- ^ "Assembly List 2024 - Second part-session" (PDF). PACE. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
- ^ "Movement for European Reform". Movement for European Reform. 2007. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 27 May 2008.
External links
edit- Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations (APPF)
- European Parliament page on European political parties and foundations
- European Parliament Research Service publications on European political parties
- European Party Funding Observatory (EPFO)
- Results of the 2019 European Parliament elections by European political party
