- ^ De Groot, Gerard J. (2001). The First World War. Basingstoke [etc.] : Palgrave. ISBN 0333745345.
- ^ Turner, Leonard Charles Fredrick (1976). Origins of the First World War. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0393099474.
- ^ Stevenson, David (1988). The First World War and international politics. Oxford: University Press. ISBN 0198730497.
- ^ Bessel, Richard. (1995). Germany after the First World War. Oxford: Clarendon. ISBN 0198205864.
