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User:Jayk456/Dead-ice

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Dead Ice (transparent area) found in south of Hohe Geige; a mountain in Austria.

Dead ice is the ice on a part of a glacier or ice sheet that is no longer moving.[1] As dead ice melts in its original position, it leaves behind a hummocky terrain known as dead-ice moraine. Dead-ice moraine is produced by the accumulation of sediments carried by glaciers that have been left behind from ice melting. Such features include kettle holes.[2][3] Landscapes forming Veiki moraines in northern Sweden and Canada have been attributed to the errosion of extensive bodies of till-covered dead ice. [4]

Formation edit

Dead ice is created when a glacier or ice sheet experiences an increase in melting and accumulates debris from various sediment sources. The debris seeps into the ice, effectively covering the surface area.[5] This leads to the affected area becoming mixed with different types of debris, ultimately slowing the glacier's melting rate.[3][5] This process continues over and over, creating layers of ice and debris, until it forms dead ice. Dead ice most occur commonly on surge-type glaciers; glaciers that have ceased moving.[5] It can also be found in any stagnant or debris-filled glacier landforms.[6]

Melting edit

There are two types of ways dead ice can melt: backwasting and downwasting. Backwasting is when the dead ice melts parallel to an ice-wall or ice-cored slope. Backwasting is more likely to occur when an area is fully ice-cored.[6] Downwasting is when dead ice melts at its top and bottom surfaces. Both dead ice melting rates depend on the climate condition of the area it's in; however downwasting has several other factors that contribute to it's process. [5] Another factor that effects both melting rates is the type of debris that covers the dead-ice. [5]

References edit

  1. ^ "Dead ice". Cryosphere Glossary. National Snow & Ice Data Center. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  2. ^ Whittow, John (1984). Dictionary of Physical Geography. London: Penguin, p. 133. ISBN 0-14-051094-X.
  3. ^ a b Bluemle, John P. "Buried Glaciers and Dead-Ice Moraine". North Dakota Notes. North Dakota Geological Survey. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
  4. ^ Lagerbäck, Robert (1988). "The Veiki moraines in northern Sweden - widespread evidence of an Early Weichselian deglaciation". Boreas. 17 (4): 469–486.
  5. ^ a b c d e Schomacker, Anders (2008–2011). "What controls dead-ice melting under different climate conditions? A discussion". Earth-Science Reviews. 90 (3–4): 103–113. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.08.003. ISSN 0012-8252.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  6. ^ a b "7 Dead-Ice Environments: A Landsystems Model for a Debris-Charged, Stagnant Lowland Glacier Margin, Kötlujökull", Developments in Quaternary Sciences, vol. 13, Elsevier, pp. 105–126, 2010-01-01, retrieved 2023-11-10



 

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Article Evaluation: edit

Evaluating content edit

  1. Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic?
    1. Everything in the article is relevant.
  2. Is there anything that distracted you?
    1. The use of academic words make it harder to understand what's going and leads me having to look up their meanings.
  3. Is any information out of date?
    1. One of the sources is form 1984.
  4. Is anything missing that could be added?
    1. There could be more effort to explain some of the processes that are mention in the formation of dead-ice moraine.
  5. What else could be improved?
    1. Adding more sources that contain more information and are not all from colleges.
  6. Is scientific information presented clearly, accurately, and without jargon?
    1. No the article includes multiple uses of jargons, making it hard to understand what is going on.
  7. Does the article link to other Wikipedia articles for related topics?
    1. Yes, there are six Wikipedia article to relating topics.

Evaluating tone edit

  1. Is the article neutral?
    1. The tone is neutral, using only the facts given to them through the sources.
  2. Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
    1. No there are no claims that are shown to have heavy bias.
  3. Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
    1. The entire article is underrepresented, lacking in detailed information about it's creation and examples of dead ice.

Evaluating Sources edit

  1. Do the links work?
    1. Yes, the links works.
  2. Does the source support the claims in the article?
    1. For the two sources with links they do, but I am unsure about the second sources as I am not able to get access to it since it's a textbook.
  3. Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference?
    1. Yes expect the last sentence mentioning the veliki moraines does not have a source at all. However, in the Wiki Article regrading veliki moraines where it talks about dead ice, it is provided with a source.
  4. Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources?
    1. The information comes from "Dictionary of Physical Geography", the Cryosphere Glossary from the National Snow & Ice Data Center, and "Buried Glaciers and Dead-Ice Moraine" by John P. Bluemle. Two of these sources comes from colleges and the other is a published textbook so I would say these sources are neutral.
  5. If biased, is that bias noted?
    1. There is no visible bias.

Evaluating talk page edit

  1. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
    1. There is a discussion regarding whether or not dead ice should be unhyphenated in the title.
  2. How is the article rated?
    1. It is rated stub-class.
  3. Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
    1. It is apart of the geology WikiProject.
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