- "Dog bear" redirects here; for amphicyonidae see "Bear dog".
| Hemicyonidae | |
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| Hemicyon sansaniensis | |
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| Family: | †Hemicyonidae
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Hemicyonidae, or Hemicyoninae, is an extinct group of bear-like carnivoran living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene (ca. 22 epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 28.6 million years. They are classified by different authors either as a separate family[2] or as a subfamily of bears.[1]
Etymology edit
The name "Hemicyonidae" comes from the Ancient Greek ἡμικύων hēmikúōn, meaning "half-dog". They should not be confused with amphicyonidae, another related group of extinct carnivorans whose name means "near dog".
Taxonomy edit
Hemicyoninae was named by Frick (1926) and was assigned to Ursidae by Qiu et al. (1991) and Hunt (1998).[3][4]
Genus identification edit
...the oldest known being Cephalogale, which existed from ~33.9 to 20 Ma. In North America, specimens have been uncovered that date from ~21.6 to 21.2 Ma.[5]
References edit
TO DO: try refs 1, 3 and 6 at uni. Verify 5. [6] [7]
- ^ a b L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
- ^ McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of the Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
- ^ Z.-x. Qiu, J.-y. Xie, and Y. Defa. 1991. Discovery of Late Miocene Agriotherium from the Jiegou, Gansu, and its taxonomic implications. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 29(4):286-295
- ^ Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
- ^ Qiu, Zhanxiang, p. 21
- ^ MacFadden, Bruce J. (2006). "North American Miocene Land Mammals from Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (3): 720–734. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[720:NAMLMF]2.0.CO;2.
- ^ Qiu Zhanziang (2006). "Dispersals of Neogene Carnivorans between Asia and North America" (PDF). Bulletin American Museum of Natural History (279): 720–734. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2003)279<0018:C>2.0.CO;2.
Category:Hemicyonids Category:Oligocene carnivorans Category:Miocene carnivorans Category:Mammal families