User:Izamo13/sandbox

I have made several edits for the "Audience" section of the "Rhetorical Stance" Wikipedia page. First, I noticed that it refers to “her” in two places. This does not follow an encyclopedic tone. An encyclopedic tone is one where gender-neutral pronouns are used. Because of this, I would like to change “her” to a non-specific pronoun, such as “one.”

Also, instead of “(see Campbell and Hugh Blair),” that is in the middle of the entry, I think putting an actual piece of work by either of them will be more effective. I found a book George Campbell wrote called The Philosophy of Rhetoric that I would like to include. He talks about how one can appeal to an audience by using argumentative and emotional tones, which I think fits well in this paragraph since it talks about agency.

Also, instead of combing Aristotle and Cicero’s knowledge of an audience, I would like to expand on this by adding more information on each of their theories. I will be adding the correct citations before posting into the actual Wikipedia page. Here are my edits:

Experienced rhetors, starting with Aristotle, and including Golden, Berquist, and Coleman, begin their process of adopting rhetorical stance with an analysis of the audience. Successful authors and speakers utilize their knowledge of their audience so one believes they are motivated to the author’s purpose by their own agency. George Campbell touches further on this matter by explaining how one can gain power over and appeal to their audience by applying argumentative and emotional tones. (The Philosophy of Rhetoric, Book I: "The Nature and Foundations of Eloquence" p.4) [9]. Aristotle emphasizes the consideration of human nature and emotion in order to achieve a successful understanding of one’s audience and the establishment of the relationship necessary for achieving persuasion. The author creates this impression by demonstrating an understanding of the audience’s needs and by “substantiating”,[10] according to Kenneth Burke, intellectual and empathetic relationships between oneself and the audience. Following Aristotle’s theory, Cicero explains that by adapting to the emotion’s of the audience, one can be successful in gaining their respect and attention. Plato argues that using persuasion will not help the orator to produce an effective speech. Plato’s “noble aims”[11] of rhetoric require the author to strive for a moral elevation of both author and audience.

In the "non-academic communities" section I have made a few minor edits. For the "journalism/media" reference, it is linked to a Wikipedia page on Marshall McLuhan. Although he studied media theory, I think it would be more effective to put a piece of his work, and/or an article on how rhetorical stance is utilized in media and journalism. I would like to change this reference to an article I found about teenage pregnancy and how the magazines and the media portray this issue negatively. Here is the article I would like to use, Vinson, J. (2012). Covering national concerns about teenage pregnancy: A visual rhetorical analysis of images of pregnant and mothering women. Feminist Formations, 24(2), 140-162. Also, a book called The Medium Is the Message by Marshall McLuhan, explains how the different forms of mediums can affect how one can perceive a topic. For example, newer mediums such as television, have altered the way in which we have viewed an issue by appealing to human senses.

Also, this section explains how non-academic communities utilize rhetorical stance, but based on the articles provided, I do not see the connection to how they discuss rhetorical stance. Because of this, I would like to delete the word “discuss” so the main focus is “utilize.” Izamo13 (talk) 21:48, 16 November 2016 (UTC)