1990-1991
editSevere Tropical Storm Alison
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 8 – January 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 966 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Bella
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 13 – February 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 936 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Cynthia
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 16 – February 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Debra
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 22 – March 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min); 966 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Elma
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 26 – March 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 971 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Fatima
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 20 – April 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min); 954 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Gritelle
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 5 – June 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
1991-1992
editTropical Depression
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 11 – October 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 997 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Duration | October 16 – October 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 km/h (30 mph) (10-min); 997 hPa (mbar) |
Unnamed Moderate Tropical Storm
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 20 – November 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Alexandra
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 17 – December 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 972 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Bryna
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 25 – January 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 988 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Celesta
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 8 – February 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Davilia
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 16 – February 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 988 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Elizabetha
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Duration | January 16 – January 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
Monitored only be RSMC La Reunión.
Intense Tropical Cyclone Farida
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 23 – March 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 941 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression Gerda
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 24 – March 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Harriet-Heather
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 27 – April 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 930 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Jane-Irna
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 14 – April 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 935 hPa (mbar) |
1992-1993
editModerate Tropical Storm Aviona
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 25 – October 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (55 mph) (10-min); 988 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Babie
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 991 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression (04S)
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 26 – December 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Colina
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 11 – January 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 145 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Dessilia
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 16 – January 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Edwina
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 16 – January 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Finella
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 10 – February 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Gracia
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Duration | February 20 – February 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 70 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Monitored only by RSMC La Reunion.
Tropical Depression Hutelle
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Duration | February 27 – March 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
Monitored only by RSMC La Reunion.
Moderate Tropical Storm Ionia
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Duration | March 2 – March 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Monitored only by RSMC La Reunion.
Intense Tropical Cyclone Jourdanne
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 1 – April 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 930 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Konita
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 29 – May 7 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
1993-94
editThe following tropical cyclones also occurred within the 1993-1994 Southern Hemisphere tropical cyclone season:
Severe Tropical Storm Alexina
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 7 – November 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 982 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Bettina
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 22 – December 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Cecilia
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 11 – December 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 972 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Daisy
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 7 – January 17 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 935 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Edmea
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 11 – January 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 976 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Pearl-Farah
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 18 – January 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 960 hPa (mbar) |
Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Geralda
editVery intense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 26 – February 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 215 km/h (135 mph) (10-min); 905 hPa (mbar) |
Part of a spree of four powerful cyclones to impact Madagascar this year, Geralda killed 200 people and left half a million homeless as it made landfall on the island in early February.
Intense Tropical Cyclone Hollanda
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 5 – February 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
Named shortly after Geralda was dissipating, Hollanda, a category 4 cyclone was the most devastating tropical cyclone to have hit the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean since tropical cyclone Gervaise in 1975. The cyclone passed 10km to the west of Mauritius on February 10, 1994. The island was seriously affected, with winds of over 160 km/h (100 mph) and torrential rains (an average of 400mm for the island). The maximum gusts speed recorded was 218km/h when Hollanda was at its closest to the country, earning a warning cyclone class 4 (the maximum). A warning cyclone class 4 is issued by the Mauritian Meteorological Services when gusts speeds of the order of 120km/h is being recorded on the island and is expected to continue. On the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, Hollanda reached category 4 (winds speeds of 210-249km/h). Some sources issued that tropical cyclone Hollanda could have exceeded the gusts speed of 216km/h and reached about 300km/h in Port Louis due to the considerable damage caused in the northern part of the island. In the capital city, some concrete buildings were severely damaged and a construction tower crane collapsed. The Mauritius Meteorological Services rejected that Hollanda could have peak to a category 5 or a very intense tropical cyclone with gusts of 280-300km/h. During the cyclone, three people died by a falling tree, 50% of the telephone system was down, electrical power was nearly completely out, 50% of sugar plantation was destroyed, many vegetables fields were devastated, 1500 people became homeless and concrete buildings were moderately damaged. Major roads were blocked by trees and lanslides. The estimated damaged caused by the cyclone was USD 135.4 million.[1][2][3]
Tropical Cyclone Ivy
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 5 – February 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (95 mph) (10-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression Julita
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Duration | February 15 – February 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Kelvina
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 5 – March 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Litanne
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 5 – March 18 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min); 910 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Mariola
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 7 – March 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min); 966 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Nadia
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 16 – April 2 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
The last of the spree of devastating Madagascar cyclones, Nadia made landfall in Madagascar in late March. After crossing the northern tip of the island, Nadia impacted Mozambique before returning to the Mozambique channel and finally dissipating. Nadia killed dozens in Madagascar. It claimed around 200 more lives in Mozambique and left over one million people homeless.
Intense Tropical Cyclone Odille
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 26 – April 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
1994-95
editIntense Tropical Cyclone Albertine
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 21 – December 3 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Bentha
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 30 – January 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Christelle
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 27 – January 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Dorina
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 16 – February 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Fodah
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 19 – January 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (55 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Gail
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 31 – February 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Heida
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 31 – February 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Ingrid
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 3 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 21 – March 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (95 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Josta
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 4 – March 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 105 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 972 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Kylie
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 4 – March 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression Lidy
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Duration | March 14 – March 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 996 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Marlene
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 28 – April 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min); 920 hPa (mbar) |
1995-96
editIntense Tropical Cyclone Daryl-Agnielle
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 17 – November 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Bonita
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 3 – January 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 920 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression B2
editTropical depression (MFR) | |
Duration | December 28 – December 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Hubert-Coryna
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 9 – January 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 115 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 965 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Doloresse
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 12 – February 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 977 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Edwige
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 18 – February 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (95 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Flossy
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 26 – March 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 170 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Guylianne
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 17 – March 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Hansella
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 2 – April 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 962 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Itelle
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 5 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 6 – April 19 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Jenna
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 1 – May 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 984 hPa (mbar) |
1996-1997
editSevere Tropical Storm Antoinette
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 15 – October 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Melanie-Bellamine
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 1 – November 12 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
On the morning of November 2, Tropical Cyclone Melanie from the Australian region crossed in with winds of 55 knots (65 miles per hour) and was designated Severe Tropical Storm Bellamine by RSMC La Reunion as it countinued to intensify.[1]. At the same time, the JTWC assesed Melanie-Bellamine with winds of 75 mph (120 km/h) [2]. On the morning of November 3, the storm was upgraded to tropical cyclone intensity by RSMC La Reunion.[1] The next morning, Bellamine was upgraded to intense tropical cyclone status, becoming the first intense tropical cyclone of the year.[1] That day, Bellamine reached it's peak intensity of 110 mph (180 km/h) and 925 hPa (mbar). The system kept that peak for only 12 hours before deteriorating to a tropical cyclone as it turned southwest.[1] Bellamine unexpectedly re-intensified back to it's peak intensity on November 7.[1] This time, the storm kept this strength for 18 hours before weakening back to tropical cyclone strength for the last time on the 8th.[1] The system quickly weakened becoming a severe tropical storm on the 9th and a moderate tropical storm later that same day. Bellamine weakened into a tropical disturbance on November 11 and the final advisory was issued. Melanie-Bellamine caused no reported damage or deaths.
Severe Tropical Storm Chantelle
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 20 – December 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 983 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Daniella
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min); 915 hPa (mbar) |
Moderate Tropical Storm Elvina
editModerate tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (55 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Fabriola
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Gretelle
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
Intense Tropical Cyclone Pancho-Helinda
editIntense tropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Iletta
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone Josie
editTropical cyclone (MFR) | |
Category 2 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 145 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Karlette
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Severe Tropical Storm Lisette
editSevere tropical storm (MFR) | |
Category 1 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 17 – October 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f RSMC La Reunion (1996). "TC Melanie Best Track". RSMC La Reunion. Retrieved 2008-11-3.
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(help) - ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (1996). "TC Melanie JTWC Advisories". JTWC. Retrieved 2008-11-3.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help)