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User:IgnatiusofLondon/History of Rimini

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History of Rimini edit

This page is about the history of the Italian city. For the history of Riccione, a subdivision of the city until 1923, see Riccione § History. For the history of Miramare, the municipality's southernmost suburb, see Miramare § History.

Antiquity edit

Roman Ariminum edit

In 295 BC, the Roman Republic won a decisive victory at the Battle of Sentinum against a coalition of Umbris, Senones, Samnites, and Etruscans. To consolidate their victory, the colonia of Ariminum (Rimini) was founded in southern Romagna in 268 BC, alongside the construction of the Via Flaminia, running from Rome to Ariminum.[1][2]

Procopius writes that two women in a villa near Rimini ate seventeen men as they entered their house, and were then killed by the eighteen man.[3]

Medieval era edit

House of Malatesta edit

In April 1347, Malatesta issued an edict prohibiting the import of earthenware and pottery.[4]

[5][6]

Early modern edit

15th century edit

16th century edit

From 1540 until 1797, with a brief restoration in 1815, Rimini was part of the Papal States' Legation of Romagna, headquartered in Ravenna.

17th century edit

Napoleonic Italy edit

In 1797, the Cisalpine Republic incorporated Rimini into the Rubicon Department, headquartered in Forlì.

By the end of January 1814, Murat's troops had arrived in Rimini, part of the historical region of Romagna, which partained to the Kingdom of Italy. Murat had observed that General Michele Carrascosa,[7] military governor of Naples,[citation needed] had hosted several talks with Austrian officers in Rimini, facilitated by Marquis Alessandro Belmonti Cima, captain of Rimini's port.[7]

On 21 January 1814, 3,000 Neapolitan soldiers lined up for battle in Rimini's central square. French soldiers and their Italian conscripts were allowed to return home. A prefect was appointed to administer Rimini. On 31 January 1814, General d'Ambrosio promulgated a decree from Rimini announcing the armistice between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Naples. Murat passed through Rimini on the morning of 1 February 1814.[7]

Late modern edit

19th century edit

With the return of the Papal States in 1816, Rimini came under the Legation of Forlì.

On 1 and 2 June 1857, Pope Pius XI visited Rimini. A statue, designed by Modenese architect Luigi Poletti, depicting him in the act of blessing was unveiled in a city square.[8]

The New Municipal Theatre, also designed by Poletti, was inaugurated later that summer.[9] It had been constructed between 1843 and 1857.[10] On 16 August 1857, the theatre hosted the world premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's Aroldo.[9][11][12] It was a major event in the city, which attracted many foreign visitors, with Verdi's portrait hanging in shop windows and on walls.[8][13]

Kingdom of Italy edit

On 27 December 1859, with Romagna's annexation into the Kingdom of Italy, Rimini became part of the Province of Forlì.[14]

In 1869, Carlo Matteucci established a marine hospital for the treatment of scrofula south of the Ausa. Because the bathing establishment enforced gender segregation, trespassing across the Ausa became popular among bathers.[15]

In 1892, a wooden bridge was installed across the mouth of the Ausa; it was replaced by a stone bridge in 1912 and refurbished in 1932.[16]

Early 20th century edit

1916 earthquake edit

The earthquake damaged many buildings in the city, including the Victor Emmanuel II Theatre, which did not reopen until 1923.[17][18]

Post-World War II years edit

In July 1921, with a loan of 1.2 million lire from the Cassa di Risparmio, a horse-drawn tram service between Rimini's Piazza Cavour to the present-day Parco Federico Fellini was electrified and extended southwards to the present-day Piazza Marvelli.[19][20][21][22] The service had originated as a horse-drawn omnibus service in 1844,[23] which was replaced by a horse-drawn tram in 1877.[24][25] It would extend to Miramare in 1925, and to Riccione on 26 June 1927.[26][27][28][29]

On 6 April 1921, Rimini's socialist municipal administration endorsed Riccione's request for independence.[30] The border between the comuni was established at the Rio dell'Asse; Rimini had unsuccessfully proposed that the border be further south at the Torrente Marano, to the disapproval of residents residing between the Rio dell'Asse and the Torrente Marano, including in the historic San Lorenzo in Strada. In return for being granted its desired border at the Rio dell'Asse, Minister Aldo Oviglio required Riccione to build a bridge over the Torrente Marano, to allow the completion of the coastal road between Rimini and Riccione.[31] With the border agreed, the Royal Decree 1439 was passed on 19 October 1922 to make Riccione a separate comune.[30]

Fascist Italy edit

On 13 June 1932, the Rimini–San Marino railway entered operation,[32][33] with a new railway station, Rimini Marina [it], on Via Pascoli.[34]

On 22 November 1934, a small port on the Ausa was inaugurated with the formation of Rimini's Nautical Club. The port remained until after the Second World War.[35]

On 1 July 1939, the Rimini–Riccione tramway reopened as a trolleybus line, inaugurating the present-day route 11.[36][37][38][39] In Rimni's city centre, the route was shortened to Piazza Giulo Cesare.[40][41]

Second World War edit

On 26 and 27 November 1943, Allied aerial bombardment damaged the railway line in Rimini. Two bombs that struck the Rimini Marina [it] depot did not detonate.[42] From then, the Rimini–San Marino railway was shortened to a flagman's booth by the Via Flaminia, which was reclassified as a stop.[42][43][44]

 
The rear of the Victor Emmanuel II Theatre after the Allied bombardment, circa 1944

On 28 December 1943, 105 B-17 and 21 B-24 bomber planes, supported by P-38 fighter planes, had been ordered to hit the railway station.[45] The bombing partially destroyed the Victor Emmanuel II Theatre.[45][46][47]

On 26 June 1944, service was suspended on the Rimini–Riccione trolleybus line.[41][40]

The last service on the Rimini–San Marino railway took place on 4 July 1944;[43][44][48] the line was suspended after the war, and its section in Rimini completely dismantled between 1958 and 1960.[33][44][49]

Late 20th century edit

Between July and August 1946, the Rimini–Riccione trolleybus line resumed service.[50]

Between 1959 and 1969, a helicopter service flew between Rimini's port and a heliport next to Borgo Maggiore's cablecar terminus in San Marino.[51][52][53] Operated by Compagnia Italiana Elicotteri, the service ran several times per day,[52][53] using a fleet of four-seater Bell 47J Rangers and a three-seater Agusta-Bell AB-47G,[51][52][53] which were serviced at Rimini's airport.[53] In 1964, the line was extended to San Leo.[52][53] Tickets would cost up to 12,500 lire,[52] including the cablecar to the City of San Marino and a shuttle to the Leonine fortress. The service would take fifteen minutes to reach Borgo Maggiore and twenty-five minutes to reach San Leo.[52][53]

On 13 August 1966, Rimini's two exits on the A14 Adriatic motorway opened as part of the Cesena–Rimini section.[54]

In its post-war history, Rimini has largely voted for left-wing parties. In the 1975 regional elections, the Italian Communist Party won 49.9% of votes in Rimini, its best-ever electoral result.[55]

From the 1960s, the Ausa was diverted to flow parallel to the SS16 [it] state road along cemented banks, and empty into the Marecchia.[56] The diversion was complete in 1972, with the Ausa's former route reduced to a sewage outlet,[57] and redeveloped into a series of public parks.[56]

On 9 September 1972, the Museum of Primitive Arts (Museo delle Arti Primitivi) was inaugurated in the Palazzo del Podestà [it].[55][58] It would later move to the Villa Alvarado, on the Covignano hill.[58]

Betwen May 1977 and February 1979, the occupation of forty-two apartments by homeless people in Via Acquario was a major social and political isue in the city.[55]

In 1986, motorbuses were prohibited on Piazza Tre Martiri, leaving only the route 11 trolleybus serving Rimini's central square.[59][60] Following the piazza's pedestrianisation, from 2 November 1998, the route was shortened to Piazzale San Girolamo.[61]

On 16 April 1992, for the first time in its modern history, Rimini became a provincial capital with the formation of the Province of Rimini.[62]

21st century edit

See also: Metromare § History

On 28 October 2018, following series of renovations, the Amintore Galli Theatre reopened for the first time since its bombardment during the Second World War.[63][64][65]

On 23 November 2019, Metromare, a trolleybus rapid transit line between the railway stations of Rimini and Riccione, was inaugurated.[66][67] Due to a delay in the delivery of the nine VanHool Exquicity 18T trolleybuses purchased to run on the line, operations used motorbuses until October 2021.[68] The line had been constructed between July 2012 and late 2017, adjacent to the Bologna–Ancona railway.[69]

References edit

  1. ^ "La Storia" [History]. Comune di Riccione (in Italian). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  2. ^ "Il ponte romano sul Rio Melo a Riccione" [The Roman bridge over the Rio Melo in Riccione]. Famija Arciunesa (in Italian). 1 March 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  3. ^ "24 luglio 538 – Belisario libera Rimini dall'assedio dei Goti" [24 July 538 – Belisarius frees Rimini from the siege of the Goths]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 24 July 2023. Retrieved 12 April 2024.
  4. ^ Cucci, Anna Maria (2014). "La sua immagine in un boccale del '400" [Its image on a boccale of the 15th century] (PDF). Ariminum. March–April 2014 (in Italian). Rimini Rotary Club: 48. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  5. ^ Giugli, Silvana (2014). "La piccola storia di una "grande" medaglia" [The small history of a "big" medal] (PDF). Ariminum. March–April 2014 (in Italian). Rimini Rotary Club: 49. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  6. ^ Ricciotti, Romano (2008). "Il ponte e l'arco salvati dal tedesco" [The bridge and the arch saved by the German] (PDF). Ariminum. September–October 2008 (in Italian). Rimini Rotary Club: 10–11. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  7. ^ a b c "1 febbraio 1814 - Arriva a Rimini Gioacchino Murat" [1 February 1814 – Joachim Murat arrives in Rimini]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 31 January 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b Giovagnoli, Attile (15 October 2018). "Giuseppe Verdi, il teatro e l'estate memorabile del 1857 a Rimini" [Giuseppe Verdi, the theatre, and the memorable summer of 1857 in Rimini]. Riminiduepuntozero (in Italian). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Teatro Amintore Galli" [Amintore Galli Theatre]. Comune di Rimini (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  10. ^ Ceroni, Nadia; Bortolotti, Lidia (14 April 2020). "Teatro Amintore Galli (Ex Vittorio Emanuele II)" [Amintore Galli Theatre (formerly Victor Emmanuel II)]. Ministry of Culture (in Italian). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Teatro Amintore Galli" [Amintore Galli Theatre]. riminiturismo.it (in Italian). 21 August 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  12. ^ "Storia del Teatro" [History of the Theatre]. Teatro Amintore Galli (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  13. ^ Olivelli, Renato (27 August 2021). "Rimini: Aroldo in equilibrio tra cruenza fascista e riconciliazione amorosa" [Rimini: Aroldo in balance between fascist cruelty and loving reconciliation]. Le Salon Musical (in Italian). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  14. ^ Farini, Luigi Carlo (27 December 1859). "Decreto del 27 dicembre 1859, n. 79" [Decree of 27 December 1859, no. 79]. it.wikisource.org (in Italian). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  15. ^ "Quando il torrente Ausa era un limite invalicabile" [When the Ausa was an insurmountable limit]. Corriere Romagna (in Italian). 21 October 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Quando il torrente Ausa era un limite invalicabile" [When the Ausa was an insurmountable limit]. Corriere Romagna (in Italian). 21 October 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  17. ^ "Storia del Teatro Amintore Galli" [History of the Amintore Galli Theatre]. www.riminicittadarte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  18. ^ "Storia del Teatro" [History of the Theatre]. Teatro Amintore Galli (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  19. ^ Pasini, Guido (25 June 2017). "I primi collegamenti tram a Rimini" [The first tram connections in Rimini]. RomagnaZone (in Italian). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  20. ^ "History". Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  21. ^ "Dal primo tram elettrico al Metromare, Rimini celebra un secolo di mobilità green" [From the first electric tram to the Metromare, Rimini celebrates a century of green mobility]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 29 September 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  22. ^ "Una passeggiata notturna lungo i binari scomparsi" [A night walk along the vanished tracks]. newsrimini.it (in Italian). 30 June 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  23. ^ Pasini, Guido (25 June 2017). "I primi collegamenti tram a Rimini" [The first tram connections in Rimini]. RomagnaZone (in Italian). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  24. ^ "Storia della filovia Rimini - Riccione" [Story of the Rimini-Riccione trolleybusway]. www.trasportipubblici.info. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  25. ^ "History". Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  26. ^ Pasini, Guido (25 June 2017). "I primi collegamenti tram a Rimini" [The first tram connections in Rimini]. RomagnaZone (in Italian). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  27. ^ "History". Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  28. ^ "Dal primo tram elettrico al Metromare, Rimini celebra un secolo di mobilità green" [From the first electric tram to the Metromare, Rimini celebrates a century of green mobility]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 29 September 2021. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  29. ^ "La linea tranviaria Riccione-Rimini" [The Riccione-Rimini tramway]. Famija Arciunesa (in Italian). 27 November 2019. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
  30. ^ a b Conti, Enea (10 July 2022). "Riccione, la «festa infinita» per i cento anni del Comune" [Riccione: The "endless celebration" for the hundred years of the municipality]. Corriere di Bologna (in Italian). Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  31. ^ Masini, Manlio (2 November 2022). "La contesa tra Rimini e Riccione sui confini e il ponte sul Marano" [The dispute between Rimini and Riccione over their borders and the bridge over the Marano]. Corriere Romagna (in Italian). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  32. ^ "La Storia" [History]. byTrain San Marino (in Italian). Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  33. ^ a b "C'era una volta la ferrovia Rimini-San Marino" [Once upon a time there was the Rimini-San Marino railway]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 12 February 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  34. ^ "Rimini Marina: così risorgerà la stazione della ferrovia per San Marino" [Rimini Marina: And so the railway station for San Marino will be resurrected]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 3 January 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  35. ^ "22 novembre 1934 - Nasce Il Club Nautico di Rimini" [22 November 1934 – The Rimini Nautical Club is born]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 21 November 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  36. ^ "Storia della filovia Rimini - Riccione" [Story of the Rimini-Riccione trolleybusway]. www.trasportipubblici.info. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  37. ^ "History". Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  38. ^ "Pronti a celebrare i primi 80 anni del filobus Rimini-Riccione" [Ready to celebrate the first 80 years of the Rimini-Riccione trolleybus]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 28 June 2019. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  39. ^ Renzi, Roberto (3 April 2020). "Il Filobus e la Guerra (1935-1945)" [The Trolleybus and the War (1935-1945)]. Trasporti Pubblici in Romagna. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  40. ^ a b Zaghini, Paolo (21 August 2022). "E chissà se resterà quell'11 fra Rimini e Riccione" [And who knows if the 11 between Rimini and Riccione will remain?]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  41. ^ a b Renzi, Roberto (3 April 2020). "Il Filobus e la Guerra (1935-1945)" [The Trolleybus and the War (1935-1945)]. Trasporti Pubblici in Romagna. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  42. ^ a b Macina, Chiara (14 September 2015). "Il Trenino Biancazzurro: la breve vita e la fine" [The Blue and White Train: Its short life and end]. Zoomma (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  43. ^ a b Piccioni, Elisabetta (April 2011). "Il Viaggio Interrotto: La Ferrovia Elettrica Rimini–San Marino" [The Interrupted Journey: The Rimini–San Marino Electric Railway]. I Martedì (in Italian) (292). Bologna: Centro San Domenico: 18–22.
  44. ^ a b c "...e corre, corre, corre la locomotiva" [...And the locomotive runs, runs, runs.]. San Marino Fixing (in Italian). 17 October 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  45. ^ a b "Teatro Galli" [Galli Theatre]. Rimini Bombardata (in Italian). Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  46. ^ "Storia del Teatro Amintore Galli" [History of the Amintore Galli Theatre]. www.riminicittadarte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  47. ^ "Storia del Teatro" [History of the Theatre]. Teatro Amintore Galli (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  48. ^ Scolari, Giancarlo (21 June 2012). "Torna il treno a San Marino" [The train returns to San Marino]. Ferrovie.it (in Italian). Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  49. ^ "12 giugno 1932 - Viene inaugurata la ferrovia Rimini - San Marino" [12 June 1932: The Rimini–San Marino railway was opened]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 12 June 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  50. ^ Zaghini, Paolo (21 August 2022). "E chissà se resterà quell'11 fra Rimini e Riccione" [And who knows if the 11 between Rimini and Riccione will remain?]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  51. ^ a b "La storia del servizio elicottero a San Marino, legato alla crescita del turismo di massa" [The history of the helicopter service in San Marino, linked to the growth of mass tourism]. www.titanpostsm.com (in Italian). 5 April 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  52. ^ a b c d e f "30 giugno 1961 - Inaugurata la linea di elicotteri Rimini - San Marino - San Leo" [30 June 1961 – The Rimini – San Marino – San Leo helicopter line is inaugurated]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 29 June 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Gambetti, Nicola (5 August 2023). "Rimini - San Marino - San Leo in elicottero" [Rimini – San Marino – San Leo by helicopter]. Rimini Sparita (in Italian). Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  54. ^ "Notiziario della Società 'Autostrade'" [News of the 'Autostrade' society]. Autostrade (in Italian). Anno VIII (10–11). Rome: 60. 1966. ISSN 0005-1756.
  55. ^ a b c Zaghini, Paolo (4 August 2019). "Niki Pagliarani, il sindaco che diede a Rimini i parchi e i Peep" [Niki Pagliarani, the mayor who gave Rimini parks and the Peep]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  56. ^ a b "Parco Ausa" [Ausa Park] (in Italian). Ecomuseo Rimini. Retrieved 14 March 2022.
  57. ^ "7 agosto 1763 - La burrasca spazza via tutte le barche nel porto di Rimini" [7 August 1763 – The storm sweeps away all the boats in the port of Rimini]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). 7 August 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2024.
  58. ^ a b "Museo degli Sguardi" [Museum of Glances]. Comune di Rimini (in Italian). 7 November 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024.
  59. ^ "Storia della filovia Rimini - Riccione" [Story of the Rimini-Riccione trolleybusway]. www.trasportipubblici.info. 31 December 2006. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  60. ^ Zaghini, Paolo (21 August 2022). "E chissà se resterà quell'11 fra Rimini e Riccione" [And who knows if the 11 between Rimini and Riccione will remain?]. Chiamami Città (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  61. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 229 (January–February 2000), pp. 18–19. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
  62. ^ "Decreto Legislativo 6 marzo 1992, n. 252" [Legislative Decree 6 March 1992, no. 252]. Gazzetta Ufficiale (in Italian). 6 March 1992. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  63. ^ "Teatro Amintore Galli" [Amintore Galli Theatre]. riminiturismo.it (in Italian). 21 August 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  64. ^ "Storia del Teatro Amintore Galli" [History of the Amintore Galli Theatre]. www.riminicittadarte.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  65. ^ Spadazzi, Manuel (26 October 2018). "Teatro Galli Rimini, tutto quello che c'è da sapere sulla prima" [Galli Theatre Rimini: Everything you need to know about the premiere]. Il Resto del Carlino. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  66. ^ "Primo fine settimana di fuoco per il Metromare: circa 17.000 utenti in 142 corse" [First weekend of fire for Metromare: About 17,000 users in 142 runs]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 25 November 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  67. ^ "Il Metromare tira le somme della prima settimana e fa partire le nuove promozioni". RiminiToday (in Italian). 4 December 2019. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  68. ^ "Il Metromare elettrico al 100%, in linea i nuovi mezzi" [The 100% electric Metromare: The new vehicles are live]. RiminiToday (in Italian). 27 October 2021. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  69. ^ "Trasporto Rapido Costiero: Caratteristiche tecniche del sistema" (PDF). Patrimonio Mobilità Provincia di Rimini – via Agenzia Piano Strategico Srl.
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