User:Icherishyou/sandbox

Evaluate an article

This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

• Name of article: Information Privacy
• Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate.
  • This was assigned article for the Week 2.

Lead

Guiding questions

• Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
  • Yes. The Lead includes an introductory sentence that is concise and clear. It describes the article topic in a brief and well-reflected manner.
• Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
  • No. However, it does give an overview of article's sections.
• Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
  • Yes. It includes about different fields like computer security, information security, and data security.
• Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?
  • The Lead is very concise.

Lead evaluation

The Lead of this article is very concise. However, it well provides relevant information regarding this topic.

Content

Guiding questions

• Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
  • Yes.
• Is the content up-to-date?
  • Yes. The content's references are majorly from 2010's.
• Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?
  • No.
• Does the article deal with one of Wikipedia's equity gaps? Does it address topics related to historically underrepresented populations or topics?
  • No. It does not address any topics related to historically underrepresented populations or topics.

Content evaluation

The Content address topics on Information Privacy with recent and up-to-date references.

Tone and Balance

Guiding questions

• Is the article neutral?
  • The article is neutral; however, the author, sometimes, uses subjective wordings or phrases.
• Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
  • Yes. The article is more geared toward the negativity of the information privacy.
• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
  • The article's viewpoints are overrepresented. It portrays the information security with some exaggerations.
• Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
  • Yes. It tries to persuade the reader by stating "data privacy is challenging."

Tone and balance evaluation

The tone of the article needs improvement as the article contains some subjectivity.

Sources and References

Guiding questions

• Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
  • No. Not all claims are cited. In addition, there is some cases of using news media articles.
• Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
  • Yes.
• Are the sources current?
  • Yes. The sources are from 2010's.
• Are the sources written by a diverse spectrum of authors? Do they include historically marginalized individuals where possible?
  • Yes. The sources are from different individuals and references. They do not include any historically marginalized individuals.
• Check a few links. Do they work?
  • Yes.

Sources and references evaluation

The resources linked to the article are recent and provides diverse spectrum.

Organization

Guiding questions

• Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
  • Yes. It is well-written.
• Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
  • It includes minor errors. The sentence structure is colloquial.
• Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
  • Yes. The article is divided into sub-section and different. paragraphs.

Organization evaluation

The article is well-organized with different sections and paragraphs, which is easy to read. In addition, although the language is colloquial, the sentence structure is short and clear.

Images and Media

Guiding questions

• Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
  • No images are used.
• Are images well-captioned?
  • Not applicable.
• Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
  • Not applicable.
• Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?
  • Not applicable.

Images and media evaluation

No images are used.

Checking the talk page

Guiding questions

• What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
  • There are conversations concerning different parts of the project. One prime example is suggesting information about India and China.
• How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
  • The article received C. It is a scope of the Computing, Internet, and Mass Surveillance project.
• How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
  • Not applicable.

Talk page evaluation

The talk page provides suggestions and feedback for improvement.

Overall impressions

Guiding questions

• What is the article's overall status?
  • The article is well-written with the need for some improvements.
• What are the article's strengths?
  • The article is concise and thorough. It includes necessary information to understand the topic. In addition, the references are up to date.
• How can the article be improved?
  • The article can use fewer subjective words and provide more diverse viewpoints on the topic.
• How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?
  • Well-developed.

Overall evaluation

• The article is well-developed; however, there is some areas it needs revisions. It maybe helpful to discuss each of its sub-section more in-depth.

Evaluate an article (Korean)

This is where you will complete your article evaluation. Please use the template below to evaluate your selected article.

• Name of article: 인터넷 프라이버시
• Briefly describe why you have chosen this article to evaluate.
  • There is no information related to Information Privacy on Korean wikipedia article. Thus, I chose Internet privacy, which is a subfield of Information privacy.

Lead

Guiding questions

• Does the Lead include an introductory sentence that concisely and clearly describes the article's topic?
  • Yes. The introductory sentence is concise and clear enough to understand the article's topic.
• Does the Lead include a brief description of the article's major sections?
  • No.
• Does the Lead include information that is not present in the article?
  • No.
• Is the Lead concise or is it overly detailed?
  • The Lead is concise.

Lead evaluation

The Lead is concise; however, it provides enough information to understand the context of internet privacy.

Content

Guiding questions

• Is the article's content relevant to the topic?
  • Yes. The article only provides information about internet privacy.
• Is the content up-to-date?
  • Yes. The content are mostly from late 2000's.
• Is there content that is missing or content that does not belong?
  • No.
• Does the article deal with one of Wikipedia's equity gaps? Does it address topics related to historically underrepresented populations or topics?
  • No.

Content evaluation

The content is relevant to the topic with up-to-date references.

Tone and Balance

Guiding questions

• Is the article neutral?
  • The article is neutral and objective.
• Are there any claims that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
  • No.
• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
  • No.
• Does the article attempt to persuade the reader in favor of one position or away from another?
  • No.

Tone and balance evaluation

The tone and balance of the article meets the Wikipedia's guidelines. The article contains no subjective, overrepresented, or underrepresented information.

Sources and References

Guiding questions

• Are all facts in the article backed up by a reliable secondary source of information?
  • Yes.
• Are the sources thorough - i.e. Do they reflect the available literature on the topic?
  • Yes. The reflect available information on the topic.
• Are the sources current?
  • Yes. The sources are majorly from late 2000's.
• Are the sources written by a diverse spectrum of authors? Do they include historically marginalized individuals where possible?
  • Yes. The sources are written by different individuals.
• Check a few links. Do they work?
  • Yes.

Sources and references evaluation

The sources are relevant and up-to-date with the article. The references are backed up by credible sources like academic journals.

Organization

Guiding questions

• Is the article well-written - i.e. Is it concise, clear, and easy to read?
  • Yes, the article is concise and relays the information in an effective manner.
• Does the article have any grammatical or spelling errors?
  • There are minor grammatical errors, but for the majority of the article the errors are very minimal. They do not take away from the user's comprehension of the article.
• Is the article well-organized - i.e. broken down into sections that reflect the major points of the topic?
  • Yes, the article outlines all the sections in the content page and relatively follows this format. Many of the topics mentioned in the Lead are expanded upon within the the articles. The headings and subsections make the article easy to follow.

Organization evaluation

The article is organized in an effective manner; there are clear titles, subheadings, and sections which makes following through the article easier. The information is also explained in an effective manner which is easy to understand for the mass population of users.

Images and Media

Guiding questions

• Does the article include images that enhance understanding of the topic?
  • No images are included.
• Are images well-captioned?
  • Not applicable.
• Do all images adhere to Wikipedia's copyright regulations?
  • Not applicable.
• Are the images laid out in a visually appealing way?
  • Not applicable

Images and media evaluation

No images are provided.

Checking the talk page

Guiding questions

• What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
  • Not applicable. No conversation.
• How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
  • Not applicable. No rating given.
• How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
  • Not applicable.

Talk page evaluation

The talk page does not have meaningful conversation. Perhaps the page does not have much traction because it is in a different language.

Overall impressions

Guiding questions

• What is the article's overall status?
  • The article is not yet completed.
• What are the article's strengths?
  • The article has well-written and clear lead to develop broad understanding about internet privacy.
• How can the article be improved?
  • The article should have additional subsection with more information and references.
• How would you assess the article's completeness - i.e. Is the article well-developed? Is it underdeveloped or poorly developed?
  • Poorly-developed.

Overall evaluation

• The article currently has well-written lead. It requires more information to be considered well-developed.

Article 1

Title: 대한민국의 웹 호환성 문제

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Web Compatibility Issues in South Korea

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EC%9B%B9_%ED%98%B8%ED%99%98%EC%84%B1_%EB%AC%B8%EC%A0%9C

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about web compatibility issues in South Korea. More specifically, South Korea has faced numerous problems with sole-usage of Internet Explorer. This is one of the biggest issues in Internet industry in South Korea. In addition, this topic is related to cyber security as this is associated with bank and card service and authentication.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. Yes
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. Yes, the main topic is the flow of the paragraph.
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 2/2010
   2. 7/2020
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 1877 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Article 2

Title: 대한민국 국가정보원 스마트폰 해킹 사건

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Smartphone Hacking Case of National Intelligence Service of South Korea

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%9B%90_%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%ED%8A%B8%ED%8F%B0_%ED%95%B4%ED%82%B9_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article discusses a smartphone hacking case of NIS in South Korea. This is related to cybersecurity as the NIS purchased hacking program.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 02/2019
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 37 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. Yes. No grade given.

Article 3

Title: 대한민국 국가정보원 불법 도청사건

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Illegal eavesdropping case with the National Intelligence Service of the Republic of Korea

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EC%9B%90_%EB%B6%88%EB%B2%95_%EB%8F%84%EC%B2%AD_%EC%82%AC%EA%B1%B4

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about a specific case of NIS eavesdropping in South Korea. This is related to surveillance as this was used to surveill people and political parties in the 2000s.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. Yes
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 6/2013
   2. 11/2018
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 4258 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. Yes. No grade given

Article 4

Title: 미림팀

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Team Mirim

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%A6%BC%ED%8C%80

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. This article talks about the surveillance team South Korea’s government created during the 1990s.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 06/2013
   2. 11/2018
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 4501 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. Yes. No grade given

Article 5

Title: 박근혜 정부의 문화예술계 블랙리스트

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): The Park Geun-hye government's blacklist in the arts and culture industry

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%95%EA%B7%BC%ED%98%9C_%EC%A0%95%EB%B6%80%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EC%98%88%EC%88%A0%EA%B3%84_%EB%B8%94%EB%9E%99%EB%A6%AC%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about censorship of people in art and culture industry during the Park Geun-hye’s government.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 1/2017
   2. 6/2020
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 1007 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Article 6

Title: 농협 전산망 마비 사태

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Nonghyup computer network paralysis

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%86%8D%ED%98%91_%EC%A0%84%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%9D_%EB%A7%88%EB%B9%84_%EC%82%AC%ED%83%9C

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. This article is about Nonghyup, South Korea’s major banking system. This concern is related to both privacy and cybersecurity as the cyber terror may result in potential leaking of users’ private information.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 11/2018 for both.
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 1848 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Article 7

Title: 대한민국 개인정보법

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Korea Personal Information Protection Act

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%ED%95%9C%EB%AF%BC%EA%B5%AD_%EA%B0%9C%EC%9D%B8%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4_%EB%B3%B4%ED%98%B8%EB%B2%95

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about South Korea’s privacy act on personal information and its protection.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. Yes
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 09/2013
   2. 02/2019
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 55 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. Yes. No grade given.

Article 8

Title: 국군사이버사령부

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): R.O.K. Cyber Command

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B5%B0%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84%EC%82%AC%EB%A0%B9%EB%B6%80

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about South Korea Department of Defense’s Cyber command.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 10/2013
   2. 11/2018
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 793 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Article 9

Title: 다음 마이피플

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): Daum Mypeople

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%8C_%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%BC%ED%94%8C

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article talks about one of South Korea’s messenger apps. This app can be a potential threat to people’s privacy.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No.
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. Yes. One person said one of the descriptions seems to be an advertisement.
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 10/2012
   2. 01/2021
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 167 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Article 10

Title: SSGPAY

English-translated title (use Google Translate for translation help): SSGPAY

Hyperlink: https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSGPAY

1. Briefly summarize the content of the article and its relevance to privacy/cybersecurity/surveillance.
   1. The article is one of the mobile payments widely used in South Korea. Because it uses credit card information, this can be related to privacy.
2. Has the article been worked on by many people?
   1. No
3. Has there been discussion on the article’s Talk page? If yes, briefly summarize what has been discussed and if the topics have been addressed.
   1. No
4. When was the article created? When was the last edit?
   1. 05/2017
   2. 10/2022
5. How long is the article? Copy and paste the article into a Google document. What is the word count, excluding the reference section?
   1. 202 words
6. Articles may be included in WikiProjects, as indicated by a banner in the article’s Talk page (see an example here). Is the article part of a project? If yes, what grade does it have?
   1. No

Web compatibility issues in South Korea

South Korea's web compatibility issues are a problem that many South Korean websites have used non-standard technology that is less compliant with web standards and only works with Microsoft's Internet Explorer (IE), smartphones (iPhone, Android, etc.), and iPad except for other web browsers. Following the revision of the Electronic Signatures Act as of January 1, 2021, MS's continuous phased outage policy for IE and the increase in the user hierarchy of open-source web browsers have solved this web compatibility problem in a more mature way to address operating system dependencies.

Problem

In the past, government offices and banks have been criticized for forcing the usage of Internet Explorer’s Active X, which was considered one of the most serious problems. For example, on Civil Service 24, a comprehensive civil service portal site provided by the Korean government, without ActiveX, you cannot even see the main screen, in addition to the complaint. Some government sites even require lower security levels for web browsers. South Korea's compatibility problem is what Former President Park Geun-Hye pointed out as a direct concern during the regulatory reform debate.

In particular, customers are directed to international direct-purchase sites in order to avoid unnecessary steps of downloading the ActiveX program or going through additional 10 steps to complete a transaction. This is because, contrary to South Korea, international websites allow customers to pay with one or two clicks within a seconds.

South Korea is the only country in the world that forces the usage of Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and forbids people’s online purchases without ActiveX and public certificates. Under this condition, people are unable to use domestic shopping malls’ websites on their smartphones, which is considered the most serious problem. These web compatibility issues led the country to be criticized as a "message disease" that hinders the online shopping industry.

Phenomenon

Example of a misaligned layout

If you try to use Internet Explorer only sites with other web browsers such as Firefox, Safari, Google Chrome, and Opera, you can typically see the following phenomena:

1. Layout destruction: Page layout is disorganized or certain parts are not displayed.
2. Click Inactive: The button inside the website does not respond.
3. Unable to log in: Log in and revert to not logged in. In addition, non-standard code written may lead to absurd phenomena that users cannot anticipate. Some Internet Explorer-only sites also display a notification message that it is only available on Internet Explorer or an insincere message window that says, "Netscape 6.0 is not supported.”

Cause

E-commerce encryption technology

The origin of the cause began with e-commerce encryption technology. Until 2000, the U.S. government allowed the U.S. version of Internet Explorer to access SSL security, a 128-bit high-level encryption technology but banned Internet Explorer for export except for the U.S. from having more than 40 bits of security access. In the late 1990s, the Korea Information Security Agency developed its own 128-bit symmetric key block encryption algorithm SEED and used ActiveX, which works only on Internet Explorer, to easily mount it in web browsers. This soon became a domestic standard, and the Financial Supervisory Service used the technology as a security screening standard for e-commerce. This led to the explosive spread of ActiveX in the Korean Internet environment. However, since the 2000s, the export restriction of SSL using 128-bit encryption technology has been lifted, recognizing SSL as a royalty-free international standard, and most web browsers and national e-commerce systems have adopted this technology, but Korea has already developed and used SEED as ActiveX.

Increased Internet Explorer utilization

In the early 2000s, Netscape, the only competitor of Internet Explorer, failed, and Microsoft's "insert operation" led to the virtual success of the Windows operating system. In Korea, the number of people buying PCs and the Internet at home increased sharply in the era of information service at that time, and Internet Explorer, which had no competitors, began to increase rapidly. Most websites are dedicated to Internet Explorer, and ActiveX has also begun to be abused. The reason why ActiveX was abused was that many web programmers were mass-produced through information service education in Korea around 2000 when the programming method through ActiveX was intensively educated and those who were educated became the mainstream of web development.

The repetition of a vicious circle

While Internet Explorer's global market share was on its way to the top, in 2004, Firefox, which was produced by the Mozilla Foundation, was released under the sponsorship of Netscape. As rumors spread around the world through blogs and media that Firefox was superior to Internet Explorer, people began to use Firefox instead of Internet Explorer. This raised public’s interest in other web browsers such as Safari, Opera, and Chrome. As a result, the global web browser market now has increased its share of Firefox and Google Chrome to around 25%, respectively, while Internet Explorer has fallen to 40%, and its share continues to fall.

In South Korea, people also began to pay attention to other web browsers instead of Internet Explorer as Firefox went viral, but many Internet Explorer-only sites made it impossible to use them properly. Most websites do not have access to Firefox, so some people have asked customer centers to access the Internet Explorer-only site and make it available to Firefox. However, most companies claim, 'You don't need to support other web browsers that are used by very few people because you have 99 percent of Internet Explorer users,' and users say, 'You can't use other web browsers, so 1 percent can only use Internet Explorer.’ For this reason, it is quite inconvenient to use other web browsers or operating systems in Korea. By August 2011, South Korea's Internet Explorer market share was over 90% per month.

Makeshift

User MakeshiftUser Temporary

With the Windows operating system, Firefox can use Internet Explorer's engine by installing additional features such as "IETAB" (Finding the Past). However, the way Internet Explorer's engines are called from Firefox is unstable, so it is sometimes recommended that IE View[Broken Link(Finding the Past)], which runs Internet Explorer separately.

Non-Windows operating systems, such as Linux and OS X, have a method of installing Windows on virtual machines such as VirtualBox and then running Internet Explorer in guest windows. You can also install IEs4Linux on the Wine. However, the above method is recommended because it often malfunctions.

Guidelines for Compliance with E-Government

On April 29, 2008, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security of the Republic of Korea finalized and announced the enactment of the "E-Government Web Standards Compliance Guidelines" that define minimum protocols that the government should reflect when establishing e-Government systems. To make this a more effective guideline, the "E-government Web Compatibility Guidelines" were enacted and announced as of August 19, 2009, in the principle of ensuring compatibility in at least three browsers, unless there are technical constraints.

Improvement movement

The web compatibility issue, which was criticized for being behind, has become a problem that cannot be left unattended anymore as it enters the smartphone era. As of 2010, various solutions have been proposed and even implemented to be available, but the abolition of the public certificate, the core of the problem, is still far from being implemented. And in December 2017, the South Korean government decided to abolish ActiveX from the year-end tax settlement in 2018, but the exe file must be installed in the year-end tax settlement in 2018.

Free Bank Movement

The Free Bank movement, launched by Kwak Dong-soo in 2003, carried out civic action promising to open 10 billion won in accounts at banks that provide Internet banking services for underprivileged non-Windows and non-IE users. At that time, a total of 2200 people decided to donate 16 billion won, but no bank participated in the financial sector regulation and the number of users was small at that time. However, after Shinhan Bank developed and provided Internet banking solutions for Macintosh, the Free Bank movement ended.

Web Standard Project

Mozilla Korea Community established the Web Standard Forum in 2004 and continued various discussion and promotional activities to improve it. The anti-Activity X campaign was led by operator Yoon Seok-chan, and the web standard guide was provided free of charge each year. In August 2005, the focus was mainly on web browser compatibility with web page layouts, including the introduction of web standard projects centered on major Korean Web standard technology communities, recommending the elimination of DOM errors, and replacing existing table layouts with CSS.

Open Web

The Open Web was established in 2006 by Professor Kim Ki-chang of Korea University School of Law, calling for improvements to the web standards and support for users who do not use Microsoft products such as Linux, Mac OS or Microsoft Opera, Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. Most web page encryption in South Korea is implemented as ActiveX. Financial Supervisory Commission said this is due to security issues, but people argued that implementing ActiveX is outdated when there are already various general-purpose encryption technologies such as SSL. The KCC recommended the removal of ActiveX.

IE6 Exclusion Movement

Internet Explorer 6 (IE6) is a web browser released in 2001. Although it is an outdated web browser that is vulnerable to security, unable to support the latest technology and rarely complies with web standards, it had an overwhelming 20% share in the world market and 50% in South Korea in 2009. As a result, many companies create websites in line with IE6, wasting a lot of time and manpower, which later adversely affect the IT industry. To reduce this negative impact, many parts of the world are campaigning to remove Internet Explorer 6, through movements like IE6 No More, IE6 Must Die, and IE6 Countdown.In South Korea, each portal site displays a message at the top of the screen that recommends upgrading to IE7 and IE8.

Due to this IE6 Exclusion campaign, IE6's market share fell to less than 2% in South Korea as of January 2014 and to less than 5% in the global market in addition to the end of Windows XP support in April 2014, and the smartphone craze.

Improvements in some websites

Aladdin, an Internet bookstore, reorganized its website to allow payments to be made in other Internet browsers except for Explorer. Competitor Yes24 also provided a system for payment on 5 January 2010 at a different browser, but it was discontinued on 19 January due to lack of prior consultation between credit card companies and electronic payment companies. As a public institution, the National Tax Service reorganized the website to meet the web standard in January 2010, and the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism strengthened web accessibility to obtain web accessibility quality marks. As a company, Yuhan-Kimberly won the web accessibility award by strengthening web accessibility, and The Ministry of Public Administration and Security conducted a survey of 1,000 companies and institutions on web standards. On July 9, 2010, Woori Bank launched its open banking service, which implements the Internet banking system with general-purpose technologies available on all platforms; this slowly inspired other companies to protect compatibility. Kookmin Bank followed Woori Bank by KB Open Banking on January 9, 2011, and Industrial Bank of Korea released IBK Open Web Banking on February 9, 2011.

Open-banking bank

• Woori Bank: Woori Open Banking
• Kookmin Bank: KB Open Banking
• IBK: IBK Open Web Banking
• Hana Bank: Hana Bank Open Banking
• Shinhan Bank: Shinhan Bank Open Banking
• Nonghyup Bank: Nonghyup Bank Open Banking

Increased Use of Smartphones

Since 2009, the smartphone craze has slowly begun to rise in South Korea. The demand and supply of smartphones have skyrocketed after the release of the iPhone in November 2009. As a result, as the use of wireless Internet using smartphones has increased, the demand for e-commerce and financial services has increased due to excessive use of ActiveX and mandatory use of public certificates.

On March 7, 2010, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security decided to abolish the regulation that only public certificates are recognized as security programs during financial transactions. This allows Internet banking even on smartphones that do not run ActiveX. However, the Financial Services Commission said it had not considered revising the Enforcement Decree of the Electronic Financial Transactions Act.

An announcement of a plan to improve the Internet usage environment

On March 30, 2011, the Korea Communications Commission announced a plan to improve the Internet usage environment, focusing on the spread of application of ActiveX alternative technologies, diversification of web browser usage, and upgrading the web environment.ActiveX has been used as a route to distribute malicious code and has caused problems such as DDoS.

Proceed with HTML5-based encryption standardization

On the other hand, the Mozilla Korea Community proposed the W3C Web Cryptography API for web standards-based HTML5 encryption and certificate functionality, and standard activities began.

Regular survey and presentation of ActiveX usage on major websites

On January 17, 2012, the Korea Communications Commission announced that it plans to investigate and announce the status of ActiveX on a quarterly basis (first report to be released at the end of March) of the 100 major websites and open them to web developers or web service providers.

Investigation on the status of ActiveX use for 100 major websites of private and administrative organizations

On April 2, 2012, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and the Korea Communications Commission surveyed 100 major websites of private and administrative organizations on the status of ActiveX in order to enhance Internet convenience and competitiveness of web services. 168 sites, or 84% of the 200 major public-private sites in South Korea, are using ActiveX technology that causes web browser compatibility and security problems. The private sector uses ActiveX the most in payment and certification (41.1%), and administrative agencies use ActiveX the most in the security (40%).

On July 12, 2012, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security and the Korea Communications Commission surveyed 200 major websites (private 100 and administrative 100) in the second quarter following the first quarter. The study also included the status of websites that support three or more types of web browsers, using ActiveX only in Internet Explorer and alternative technologies in other web browsers. As a result, 73% of the top 100 websites of government administrative agencies do not have ActiveX or provide alternative technologies, which are available in more than three types of web browsers.

Announcement of Next Generation Web Standard HTML5 Spread Plan

On July 12, 2012, the Korea Communications Commission announced a plan to promote the spread of HTML5, the next web standard, to improve the web environment in South Korea and strengthen the global competitiveness of the Internet.

As of 2018, W3C's WebCrypto has been used as the basis for security technologies such as public certificates based on HTML5, a web standard, in e-government services and banking.This is positive for compatibility that ensures diversity in operating systems such as Linux, Macintosh, and Microsoft Windows as well as diversity in web browsers.

Discussion

• Look for important terms, concepts, and technical phrases within your assigned article. Do these concepts translate neatly into English? If not, how can you effectively communicate those topics in your translated article?
  • Yes, there are technical and specific terms/phrases in this article. However, because these terms are originally derived in English, I was able to translate them neatly into English.
• How confident are you in translating your assigned article & what resources are available to you if you get stuck? Remember, you do not need to be an expert in your language to translate but should feel comfortable asking for help when needed.
  • I am confident in translating assigned articles, in general. However, it was particularly challenging as there are technical terms I was not familiar with, as I do not have a background in this field.
• English Wikipedia has style manuals to help editors maintain consistency and readability. What writing resources are available on your language Wikipedia? Include these in both your discussion responses and the final project.
  • I was not able to find any style manuals that help editors maintain consistency and readability. This can be my problem; I will research more about this topic in the future.
• Readability is important when writing a Wikipedia article. What strategies can you use or what adjustments can you make to facilitate your potential viewers' comfort when reading the article?
  • Readability is especially important in Korean as the language is very complicated and complex. It is possible to generate multiple meanings and contexts with one sentence. Besides, because the language is divided into formal and informal language, it is important to pay close attention. In order to facilitate potential viewers’ needs and comfort, it is important to follow the 5W+1H structure and write in a simple, short sentence. Otherwise, the sentence can be wordy and hard to follow the information.
• How much of a cultural understanding would readers need in order to understand the concepts presented in the article? How might you communicate this background knowledge in your translation?
  • Because the article talks about specific problems in South Korea, it is helpful to have a cultural understanding although it is not a must. It may be helpful to understand that Korea is a conservative country and digitally advanced.

• Why I am Creating This Article?
  • I was assigned to create this article; however, this was one of my favorites when I researched for possible articles the past two weeks. The issue is very centered on South Korea. In addition, this problem has been influenced by cultures. However, it is important to note that regardless of these challenges presented in the article, South Korea is one of the main leaders in technology and internet fields.

Illegal eavesdropping case with the National Intelligence Service of the Republic of Korea

The National Intelligence Service of the Republic of Korea’s illegal eavesdropping case is during the Kim Dae-Jung administration when the National Intelligence Service eavesdropping the civilians and the opposite political party’s politicians. It was revealed by the Grand National Party lawmaker Chung Hyung-Geun in October 2002, and was considered an election disclosure ahead of the presidential election; however, three years of the investigation confirmed that the NIS eavesdropping was true.

In December 2000, during the so-called 'Kwon No-gap's resignation scandal', the phone conversations of young Democratic Party lawmakers and those involved in Jin Seung-Hyun's gate were eavesdropped on. At the time of Choi Kyu-sun's gate in 2000, it was confirmed that Choi Kyu-sun's business operations, money and women relations, and the details of personnel appointments of high-ranking officials such as the NIS director were also eavesdropped.

It has been also confirmed that the contents of the ULD lawmaker Lee's phone call regarding Hwang Jang-yup's visit to the U.S. in 2001 and the dismissal of Unification Minister Lim Dong-won in the same year have also eavesdropped. In April 2001, a telephone conversation between Kim Yoon-hwan of the Democratic People's Party and Kim Yoon-hwan of the Democratic Party was also wiretapped.The contents of the NIS's call to the Provincial Police Agency between 1998 and 2002 were compiled into several A4 paper reports. The reports were reported to the directors through the deputy director of the National Intelligence Service.

In April 2005, prosecutors concluded that documents released by Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun of the Grand National Party in 2002 as wiretapping details of the NIS cannot be regarded as documents made by the NIS due to different forms and texts.However, after the prosecution's reinvestigation into the Mirim team and Samsung's X-file scandal that year, the National Intelligence Service's wiretapping was confirmed to be true. Soon after, the board members of the National Intelligence Service and Kim-Eun Seong, the Second Conductor were arrested. Because there were concealment instructions and additional suspicion, the director and other related people were punished.

Background

In September and October 2002, Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun raised suspicions of eavesdropping on the NIS through the standing committee and the parliamentary audit. And in December, additional revelations by Lee Bu-young, vice chairman of the GNP's election committee, were exposed. In October 2002, the alleged eavesdropping of the National Intelligence Service, which was raised by Rep. Chung Hyung-Geun of the Grand National Party, was amplified by media reports, which later turned into political issues. However, there was no specific evidence, so it remained a suspicion. It was revealed in 2005 after the Mirim team investigation.

During the 16th presidential election of the Republic of Korea, Chung Hyung-Geun obtained a copy of the documents confirming that the NIS was eavesdropping on some opposing party’s politicians in the summer of 2002. In September and October of that year, Chung Hyung-Geun announced the rest of the documents to the National Assembly.

In March 2005, the South Korean prosecution is also reportedly planning to clear the NIS's alleged eavesdropping of mobile phones, which Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun revealed.However, in July of that year, the secret inspection of the Mirim Team was revealed by Kim Ki-sam and Gong Eun-Yeong and others, and the investigation began again.

National Assemblyman Chung Hyung-Keun's disclosure

In October 2002, Chung Hyung-Keun of the Grand National Party released 25 pages of A4 paper, saying, "It contains details of wiretapping by the National Intelligence Service," which sparked a series of accusations, accusations, and solidarity of participation between the ruling and opposition parties.

The accusation spread after failing to prove the charges in detail other than the documents. The case, which was raised through the National Assemblyman Chung Hyung-Keun's revelation, became an issue as media reports such as "the National Intelligence Service is securing mobile phone eavesdropping equipment," followed by complaints and accusations.At that time, the People's Solidarity for Participatory Democracy filed a complaint with the NIS, the Grand National Party lawmakers filed a complaint against the NIS chief at the time, and the NIS staff accused the GNP lawmakers of defamation.

Six complaints were filed by Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun of the Grand National Party regarding the alleged wiretapping of the National Intelligence Service's mobile phone. The prosecution concluded the accusation case by deciding that it was innocent and not guilty. The Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office said on April 1, "The investigation so far has not confirmed that the NIS has illegally wiretapped the police department of public security at the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office.Accordingly, the prosecution cleared all six accusations and accusations filed after disclosing 25 pages of A4 paper submitted by Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun of the 2 Grand National Party.

The prosecution's acquittal

In April 2005, prosecutors claimed that cell phone eavesdropping was impossible. They say that the NIS can't collect information by conducting massive mobile phone eavesdropping every minute, just like the alleged wiretapping of the National Intelligence Service.

"It`s impossible to eavesdrop on a cell phone unless you follow someone who wants to eavesdrop while moving the entire base station."

The prosecution explained the reason why wiretapping mobile phones are "theoretically possible but practically impossible." According to a survey conducted by experts and university professors at each telecommunications company, cell phone call voice data of 250 meters can be coded and tapped, but it is not realistic to have such equipment within a few hundred meters.A prosecution official said, "Even if it was within a 250-meter radius, not all of them could be wiretapped, and technically only a part of the radius can be wiretapped."

The prosecution also concluded that some claims that wiretapping is possible with a cloned cell phone during the interview on April 1, 2005, were groundless. According to the prosecution's experiment with the experts, when one cell phone was opened when the phone was called, the other cell phone turned off and the contents of the call were not heard.Prosecutors also said they had asked CCS about allegations that the U.S. CCS developed and sold mobile phone eavesdropping devices in Korea through the U.S. Justice Department and judicial cooperation. The prosecution conducted various experiments on the possibility of mobile phone eavesdropping but failed to reveal the source of the "National Intelligence Service wiretapping document" revealed by Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun.

The data still contains highly reliable information, especially Hanwha's alleged acquisition of Korea Life Insurance, which still raises questions about the source, but Chung, a reference, did not cooperate with the investigation, and no progress was made. The prosecution applied to the court for a pre-trial witness interrogation of lawmaker Chung but only fined him 500,000 won through the court for failing to attend.

NIS eavesdropping activities

In December 2000, during the so-called 'Kwon No-gap's resignation scandal', the phone conversations of young Democratic Party lawmakers and those involved in Jin Seung-

hyun's gate was eavesdropped on. At the time of Choi Kyu-sun's gate in 2000, it was confirmed that Choi Kyu-sun's business operations, money, and women relations, and the details of personnel appointments of high-ranking officials such as the NIS director were wiretapped.

The NIS illegally used the R-2 wire monitoring system between 2000 and 2001. At that time, when digital cell phones began commercializing in 1996, the NIS developed six sets of R2s from 1998 to 1999 to eavesdrop on mobile phones. In April 2001, Democratic Party leader Kim Yoon-hwan and Democratic Party representative Choi Kyu-sun, the head of the Future Urban Environment, and related figures were also eavesdropped on by the Choi Kyu-sun Gate, a power corruption case.

It has been confirmed that the contents of the ULD lawmaker Lee's phone call regarding Hwang Jang-yup's visit to the U.S. in 2001 and the dismissal of Unification Minister Lim Dong-won in the same year were also eavesdropped on. In April 2001, a telephone conversation between Kim Yoon-hwan of the Democratic People's Party and Kim Yoon-hwan of the Democratic Party also eavesdropped.The contents of the NIS's call to the Provincial Police Agency between 1998 and 2002 were compiled into several A4 paper reports. At that time, NIS officials were reported to Deputy Director Kim Eun-sung and others every day in a half-sized report on A4 paper about the eavesdropped information.

According to Kim Eun-sung, the format of the intelligence report is to, "Write a title on a half-sized A4 paper, draw a line under the title, write a brief line, 'Hong Gil-dong talked to someone on the phone.'

The 25-page A4 data submitted by Chung Hyeong-Keun in October 2002 saying, "It contains the details of the National Intelligence Service's phone eavesdropping," turned out to be true three years after the initial announcement in October 2002. However, during the investigation, the two former NIS chiefs flatly denied the allegations, and after the arrest, statements, and additional evidence of some director-level or higher officials, the full story was revealed in November 2005.

Eavesdropping within the Democratic Party of Korea's younger politicians

The provincial government is not just for the Grand National Party, the Liberal Democratic Union, and the Democratic People's Party, but also for younger members of the Democratic Party. From October 2000 to November 2001, Kim Eun-sung, deputy director of the National Intelligence Service, and others are suspected of ordering NIS officials to illegally spy on politicians and others using wiretapping equipment.

The scandal is spreading as he ordered the then supreme council member Kwon Noh-Kap of the Democratic Party to listen to phone calls made between young members of the Democratic Party over the resignation in December 2000. According to a prosecutor's investigation in September 2005, the NIS also ordered Jin Seung-Hyun, a party of the gate, to wiretap several unspecified calls related to his acquisition of the company and illegal loans.

NIS wiretapping and wiretapping practices

Former NIS chiefs and intelligence chiefs have ordered a ban on the provincial government. However, after their instructions, the provincial governor's report continued to be posted, and the directors and managers continued to receive it. After the charges were revealed in October 2005, Kim Eun-sung, one of the commanders of the case, admitted during the trial that the provincial government had already existed since the Central Intelligence Agency. At the second hearing held at the Seoul Central District Court on November 28, Kim Eun-sung said he knew there had been illegal wiretapping since the early 1970s when he joined the office.

"The defendant has served at the NIS since 1971," Kim said after making a statement to the effect that he "feels responsible for wiretapping" in a lawyer's newspaper. The "When did you know that employees were illegally wiretapping?" was asked in the court, he answered, "I knew from the beginning of my employment." It has been around since the early 1970s.

In addition, the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Intelligence Service, then-chiefs and directors of the National Intelligence Service ordered a ban on wiretapping and inspections. The next day, however, the wiretapping and wiretapping reports were posted on the desk of the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, the head of the National Intelligence Service, and the head of the NIS. Regarding the order of the directors to eradicate eavesdropping, "I've heard these four things for 30 years in the National Intelligence Service, 'Don't wiretapping, don't overpower, don't inspect politics, don't expose your identity," he said. "No director didn't talk about this, but the next day, the report went up." "The director ordered the eradication of wiretapping, but I didn't take it seriously because it was a kind of practice," a senior official said.

On October 8, Kim Eun-sung said in a warrant review by the Seoul Central District Court, "The wiretapping was done conventionally in order to preserve the sovereignty of the state, not for the purpose of political inspection.”

On May 1, 2005, the Public Security Department of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office cleared Shin Geon of the NIS's suspicion of wiretapping, which led to a dispute between the ruling and opposition parties ahead of the 2002 presidential election. The prosecution also concluded that it was technically impossible to determine whether the NIS had wiretapped its mobile phones. Kim Soo-min, the second deputy chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office, said, "As a result of an on-site investigation of NIS officials and wiretapping facilities in the NIS, it was not confirmed that they were illegally wiretapping or had cell phone wiretapping equipment." In particular, the prosecution concluded that the documents released by Rep. Chung Hyung-Keun of the Grand National Party, calling them "the wiretapping details of the NIS," are difficult to see as documents by the NIS. However, in July of that year, Kim Ki-sam and others exposed the operation of the Mirim team by appearing in MBC's Son Seok-hee's eyes. Around that time, Park In-hee, a Korean-American who received data from the Mirim team's manager, threatened Samsung. However, Samsung filed a complaint against Park In-hee, believing that she was making false threats with fake information. And Park In-hee sends the data to the Hankyoreh newspaper through her acquaintance. Things are spread of Kim Dae-Jung administration became about the wiretapping of the investigation at the National Intelligence Service. Suspicions of illegal wiretapping of local politicians by the NIS began to be raised. Kim Eun-sung was accused of ordering NIS officials to illegally spy on politicians and others using wiretapping equipment from October 2000 to November 2001. The introduction of a new type of wiretapping equipment, instructions from the directors, and acquiescence will also be further investigated.

On August 1, the National Assembly Intelligence Committee held a plenary session with Kim Seung-kyu, the head of the National Intelligence Service, to report the results of the first intermediate investigation into the X-file scandal. Kim Seung-Gyu was present to explain the truth about the Samsung X-file incident that occurred in July 2005 following the revelation of the Mirim team, Kim Ki-sam, and Park In-hee's scandal on Samsung, who took over some of the data from former employee Gong Team Leader. Lawmakers from the ruling and opposition parties criticized the illegal wiretapping practices of intelligence agencies in one voice, demanding accurate truth-finding, punishment of related officials, and measures to prevent a recurrence.In the NIS report, Kim said, "Through cooperation with the prosecution, 20 key people, including Korean-American Park In-hoe, have been subject to immigration regulations since the 22nd of last month, and major figures who have difficulty in immigration will be banned from leaving the country on the 29th of last month." Park, who was arrested by the prosecution on the 29th of last month, said, "If the NIS had already left the country because there was no suspension from leaving the country, the related investigation would have been in a mystery." "The investigation schedule has been disrupted due to self-inflicted injuries of Gong Un-Yeong, a key person involved, but we are investigating the Mirim team's illegal surveillance instructions, lines, and tape leaks in the hospital room in close cooperation with the prosecution," Kim stressed. Kim, however, said that some former NIS key figures have said they will take responsibility in the process, but have refused to make statements about the facts, making it difficult to proceed with the investigation quickly. Kim Seung-Gyu pointed out, "Oh Jung-so, former deputy chief of staff," when asked by lawmakers who were the key officials. However, Kim's "insincere" attitude at the time became a problem. "I will be reborn based on my reflection of past mistakes," Kim said. However, the details of the investigation and key issues were consistent with "I don't know," "I need to take more time to investigate," and "I don't know yet."When asked about the process of rebuilding Mirim and reporting lines of the special wiretapping team in 1994, Kim avoided an immediate answer, saying, "It is hard to say because I can't figure out the whole story." He also reportedly refused to comment on whether former NIS chief Chun Yong-Taek, who was reported to the media, was investigated, saying, "I will tell you later whether it was investigated or not."He also reportedly did not answer whether Mirim's team's eavesdropping was reported to Hyun-Chul, the second son of former President Kim Young-sam. Kim Seung-Gyu, however, refuted the NIS's alleged wiretapping by the opposition party, saying, "The NIS is not currently conducting any illegal wiretapping." However, Rep. Kwon claimed that he did not give a clear answer to the question of Rep. Kwon Young-se of the Grand National Party, saying, "I can't confirm it now." Representative Kwon said, "Kim's failure to respond properly is interpreted as acknowledging the wiretapping of mobile phones," but the NIS said, "Technically, it is impossible to monitor mobile phones." During the Mirim Team incident and the National Security Agency X-Files incident, some of the facts of the provincial government were admitted. However, some senior NIS officials admitted to the charges when they began questioning the prosecution for wiretapping, recording data, and CCTV. On August 5, Kim Seung-kyu, head of the National Intelligence Service, will partially admit that the wiretapping was in place. After Kim Seung-Gyu admitted to illegal wiretapping on August 5, he met Shin several times or talked on the phone until he was arrested in late October.According to Kim Eun-sung's trial statement, "We have no choice but to reveal everything now." It's time for political positions to come forward and resolve them,' he suggested several times to do it. The Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office and the Central Investigation Department of the Supreme Prosecutors' Office began an internal investigation of high-ranking NIS officials, believing that suspicions raised by Chung Hyeong-Keun were credible due to the Mirim team case and the National Security Agency's X-file case.

Re-investigation and evidence of suspicion

The prosecution concluded in April 2004 that it was technically impossible for the NIS to monitor mobile phones, which had been raised in connection with the case.On April 1, Kim Soo-min, then deputy chief of the Seoul Central District Prosecutors` Office, said, "The investigation by NIS officials and on-site inspections of the NIS facilities have not confirmed that the NIS is illegally wiretapping or has mobile phone surveillance equipment." However, the investigation began again in July when the inspection of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety emerged.

The prosecution listed seven cases in the indictment of former Deputy Director Kim that the National Intelligence Service illegally wiretapped using R-2, a wire relay network monitoring equipment between 2000 and 2001. According to the prosecution, Kim Eun-sung was accused of eavesdropping on the Democratic-Liberal-Democratic Party's policy coalition in April 2001 and eavesdropping on Choi Kyu-sun, the head of the Future Urban Environment Group. Kim was also found to have wiretapped phone calls regarding Hwang Jang-yup's visit to the U.S. in the summer of 2001 and illegally wiretapped phone calls between ULD lawmaker Lee and ULD officials in September that year.

Prosecutors investigating the "illegal wiretapping" case in October 2005 found that the heads of the NIS at the time of the government of Lim Dong-won and the new people conspired to illegally wiretapping. Also, five more cases of illegal wiretapping by Kim Eun-sung, former deputy director of the NIS, were found and included in the indictment. Prosecutors also found five additional wiretapping cases.The prosecution confirmed that two former NIS chiefs, Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon, conspired to illegally wiretapping. In an interview with the media in 2005, a prosecution official nailed, "In the indictment of Kim Eun-sung, former deputy director of the NIS, Kim conspired with former directors Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon to illegally wiretapping."

In addition to the two former chiefs, about 10 people, including one director of the Science and Security Bureau, one director, and one employee, were also cited as conspirators. Besides, the prosecution found seven more cases in which former deputy department head Kim Eun-sung illegally wiretapping using R2 (Al2), a wireline network wiretapping device, and included them in the indictment.

Accordingly, the prosecution summoned former directors Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon and took legal action as soon as further investigation into Kim Eun-sung was completed.The scandal spread in October 2005 after an investigation revealed allegations of indiscriminate wiretapping during the people's government.Three years after Chung Hyung-Keun raised suspicions in October 2002, the National Intelligence Service's act of wiretapping was found to be true. The incident made headlines along with the Mirim Team incident and the Samsung X file.

Suspected destruction of evidence and arrest of deputy chief

Suspected destruction of evidence and arrest of deputy chief were made. On Sept. 24, Shin Kun called Kim Eun-sung, a former deputy director in charge of domestic affairs, and Kim, a former director from eight countries in charge of the provincial government, for dinner. Kim had already confessed to the wiretapping at the prosecution.According to the prosecution's investigation, Shin Geon was angry at the former director Kim and ordered, "Revert the statement that you admitted to wiretapping," and "Represent that Korean wiretapping was for security purposes."

However, the prosecution was investigating their case. Prosecutors arrested Kim Eun-sung on October 3rd after finding out the move to remove evidence. Deputy Director Kim Eun-sung was arrested on suspicion of destruction of evidence and escape. At the same time, the prosecution also imposed a travel ban on the two former NIS chiefs.

After the trial, a battle took place during the cross-examination process. Kim Eun-sung, in court, refuted Im Dong-won's claim that he denied wiretapping his cell phone. When Kim Eun-sung advised Lim in 2000, "If you use Cas, the director's cell phone can also be tapped," Lim ordered him to "make operational guidelines." At the same time, Kim's successor, Lee Soo-il, was also investigated.

The course of a trial

Arrest and Prosecution of Deputy director and Two former Chief

In November 2005, Kim Eun-sung was accused of ordering employees to wiretap telephone conversations of key figures in Korea with wireline-based wiretapping equipment (R2) and mobile phone monitoring equipment (CAS) while working as deputy director of the NIS. Kim Sang-Chul, a senior judge at the Seoul Central District Court, sentenced Kim Eun-sung, former deputy chief of the National Intelligence Service, to two years in prison on the 23rd for violating the Communication Security Law.

Regarding former NIS chiefs Lim Dong-won and Shin Gun, they judged that they seemed to have implicitly conspired to illegally wiretapping. The court said, "The illegal wiretapping of the National Intelligence Service has raised fears that not only the victims of the wiretapping but also the general public can leak the contents of the call."The court then said, "The prosecution also judges this part for sentencing because they indicted the two former directors together like conspirators." "It is highly likely that they ignored the wiretapping."

Former NIS chiefs Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon consistently denied the charges in their first hearing on Wednesday. The two former presidents claimed at a hearing held at the Seoul Central District Court on the 22nd (Chief Judge Choi Wan-Joo) that "I have never received a report of communication intelligence written by illegal wiretapping." When the prosecution said, "The deputy director and the director and director stated that there was illegal surveillance of domestic personnel," Lim claimed, "If it was reported, he would have caught it and ordered it to quit."

"Kim Eun-sung, former deputy director of the NIS, made a court statement that he proposed to enact guidelines for the operation of the 'CAS', a wiretapping equipment, to prevent abuse of the wiretapping," Lim said.Lim Dong-won also said, "The NIS employees are professional information workers who have worked for 20-30 years, but the director is a traveler who works once," and added, "They must have had secrets about the director." Former director Shin also denied the charges, saying, "Simple intelligence from the working department is not reported to the NIS chief." "I have never received a communication intelligence report containing a list of key figures from the eight countries (the department in charge of the National Intelligence Service), and if I knew it, I would have eliminated it," Shin said.

A rebuttal of the two principals

The key issue is whether the two directors received the report even though they knew it was collected through the provincial government. On December 11, Lim Dong-won repeatedly argued, "The director of the National Intelligence Service receives only major information among the completed information," and added, "He did not order us to receive or collect illegal 'communication intelligence'."I knew that the National Assembly and the media had raised the issue of mobile phone tapping, so if I had known about it, I would have acted immediately," he said. "I believed in their report that there was no illegal wiretapping." "The National Intelligence Service failed to develop wiretapping equipment between mobile phones, but it was for legitimate wiretapping," he said. "We can wiretapping → mobile phones, but we haven't heard anything about wiretapping, and we've never heard of CAS or R2 names.

Shin Geon also said, "I don't know what the director is doing after receiving reports, but the prosecution relies too much on the statements of former deputy director Kim and employees of the eight countries." "We will refute the results of the prosecution's investigation in the future." However, the prosecution showed confidence, saying that it has the necessary evidence for public ownership. "In addition to the statements made by the staff of the National Intelligence Service, there is also evidence to prove the allegations of the two directors," a prosecution official said. "There will be no major difficulties in public ownership."

A cover-up scandal

Some NIS officials testified in the statement that they were asked to reverse the statement by a senior official. Kim Eun-sung will also make the same statement. During the investigation, Kim Eun-sung stated that former NIS chief Shin Geon ordered the prosecution not to admit that he had illegally been wiretapped.During the investigation, Shin Geon ordered several former employees to reverse their statements at the next statement, saying, "Why did you admit it?"

Deputy Director Kim Eun-sung told investigators, "Why did Shin admit to Kim when he met with Kim, who served as director of the 8th bureau in charge of the wiretapping, at a restaurant in Gangnam, Seoul on September 24?" I heard him say, 'Revert your statement at the next prosecution investigation.' "We have met with Shin several times or talked on the phone until NIS chief Kim Seung-kyu admitted to the illegal wiretapping on August 5 and was arrested at the end of October. It's time for political positions to come forward and resolve them,' he said several times.

Concealment Directive Excommunication

Deputy Director Kim Eun-sung also confessed that he knew that the eight countries (Science Security Agency) had been conducting illegal surveillance for a long time since he was appointed as the second deputy director of the NIS in April 2000. Lim Dong-won, former director of the company, said, "I don't know if he knew about the illegal surveillance, but I think he knew it," citing four reasons, including the fact that there was no special action to upload the report every day.He added, "In response to the daily communication intelligence report to the director of the National Intelligence Service, the two directors once said, "We should be careful not to go outside." After Kim Eun-sung's statement, the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office and the Central Investigation Department of the Supreme Prosecutors' Office continued to investigate the former and current director-level officials.

Securing additional charges

Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon complained that they did not know the details of the information because the NIS director was a political official. However, during the trial, Shin Kun was found to have eavesdropped on Lee Hee-ho's nephew in December 2005.

The Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office indicted former NIS chiefs Lim Dong-won and Shin Gun-Koo, who were arrested on charges of violating the Communication Secret Protection Act on November 15, while on trial.According to the prosecution, they were accused of illegally wiretapping mobile phones of major figures in Korea by operating a three-shift, the 8th bureau's surveillance team during their tenure as NIS chief. They were also found to have received six to 10 reports of important items classified as A-level twice a day in the form of communication intelligence.[20] In particular, the prosecution found and included 10 additional cases of illegal wiretapping against Shin Kun.

Kim Eun-sung (60), former deputy director of the National Intelligence Service, told the court that Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon, former NIS chiefs, "caught" eavesdropping.At the first hearing held at the Seoul Central District Court, Judge Kim Sang-Chul said, "The envelope containing the communication report comes to the director's desk every 12 months a year. If the report was not necessary, the director would have told me not to upload it anymore. "The NIS' illegal surveillance was pending at every parliamentary audit, but the director never ordered the inspection to be conducted at the NIS' internal investigation office," he said. "If not, why did he order to destroy the wiretapping equipment?"However, the two principals denied the allegations. They countered that they were not in a position to know exactly what was going on because they were in a political position.

Kim Eun-sung also said in a statement, "We met with former director Shin, his lawyer, 8 director Kim Byung-doo, and former deputy director Lee Soo-il on September 24 to discuss countermeasures." Kim also confessed that he met with Shin several times since August to discuss countermeasures. "The responsibility of the illegal wiretapping is not to the employees, but the commanders such as the deputy director and the director," he said. "I apologize to the people, and I confess to the restoration of the organization that has been in for 30 years." He is Kim Dae-Jung administration, from January 2001 to April 2000, Lim Dong-won and Shin Kuhn of wiretapping by serving as second deputy director under the instructions on November 26, arrested and indicted on charges of.

Su-il Lee's suicide scandal

Lee Soo-il, deputy director of the National Intelligence Service, who had been under internal investigation by the prosecution since August 2005, hanged himself at the office of the president of Honam University. He was questioned by the prosecution over whether he was involved in illegal wiretapping of the NIS' mobile phones during his tenure, and whether he reported the wiretapping to former director Shin Kun and others. The police investigated the exact circumstances of the suicide, believing that Lee killed himself because he could not overcome such psychological pressure.

Lee Soo-il was also suspected of handing over evidence to Chung Hyeong-Keun for his revelation in 2002. It has been reported that the NIS's wiretapping documents released by the Grand National Party ahead of the 2002 presidential election have also been investigated by Chung Hyung-Keun and former lawmaker Kim Young-il.

Former NIS chief Shin Gun, who he assisted, was arrested in connection with the case, and some executives who were in the provincial government's approval line were reportedly prosecuted, which led to intense mental pressure during the investigation.A person close to Lee said, "I understand that Lee's recent statements at the prosecution regarding the wiretapping incident did not match those of others and was in danger of being brought to justice."

Regarding Lee Soo-il's death, there were calls for responsibility for Shin Geon and Lim Dong-won. On November 21, gukssamo (The former senior member of the intelligence community and of the NSP) Song Yeong-In, claimed to be "Lee Soo-il, former deputy chief of the National Intelligence Service committed suicide on January 20 is because of president Kim Dae-Jung and ex-chief Shin Gun". He appeared on the PBC Radio 'Open World' today! I'm Jang Sung-min,' and said "Even though it's already been revealed, (former President Kim) lied and insisted that he was not, which made Lee to commit suicide." He added, "I would have made the same decision as Lee. "

Denouncing public opinion

The Supreme Prosecutors' Office's fact-finding team, which investigated the suicide of former NIS deputy chief Lee Soo-il on Dec. 2, said it was found that the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office had no excessive investigation or human rights violations. Kwon Jae-jin, head of the investigation team, concluded, "Lee is presumed to have committed suicide by failing to overcome his remorse for making unfavorable statements about the NIS and the head of the NIS chief Kwon Jae-jin said. The investigation team investigated through reviewing the investigation records of the Central District Prosecutors' Office, listening to Lee's lawyer and high school alumni' statements, and checking phone call details, but did not find any special motivation for Lee's suicide.

The prosecution's fact-finding team added that △ Lee encountered Kim Eun-sung (60) at the prosecution and heard that he might have to testify in front of the director, later, he told "I'd rather die than die." △ "I tried to live with justice; where is the perfect person? I am really sorry to people around me" to his best friend on the day of suicide.

The former NIS employee Song Yeong-In said Kim Dae-Jung needs to be honest and apologize to the people. He added how Kim is smiling. He also added to Shin Geon, saying "He should not be shameless as the chief for so many years." In addition, he said, even himself as a former official of NIS, he does not understand how Kim Dae Jung appointed Shin as the  Chief.

Song Young-in said that the investigation into illegal wiretapping was initiated by NIS chief Kim Seung-kyu, adding, "Didn't NIS chief Kim confess his conscience (for illegally wiretapping by the NIS) because he revealed the history? What did they do to the NIS organization that saved the country and led the security of the Republic of Korea to this point?"Song Young-in, a former NIS official, stressed, "As long as the NIS chief has asked the prosecution to investigate, the prosecution should make sure of the investigation and NIS employees should tell the prosecution what the director ordered." He added, "If you deny (the facts) like former President Kim and former NIS chief Shin Geon, former and current NIS employees will protest by suicide." The suicide of Lee Soo-il led to public criticism against the principals who denied the charges. The former head of the National Intelligence Service denied the charges, but after Lee Soo-il's suicide, he believed it was certain that the directors were involved and began to persuade internal investigations and statements about NIS officials.

The arrest of the director

In the wake of Lee Soo-il's suicide, the prosecution's investigation team decided to arrest the two chiefs. The investigation team announced the results of the investigation this morning, and Kwon Jae-jin, the head of the investigation team, said, "Lee Soo-il seems to have felt guilty for making unfavorable statements about the NIS and the former NIS chief."

The prosecution investigator said, "It seems that he took his own life because he could not overcome the psychological burden of testifying to Jeon's face during the future trial." He also said he met with prosecutors, provincial investigation teams, Lee's lawyer, NIS staff, and bereaved families to determine whether there were any problems such as human rights violations. The Supreme Prosecutors' Office has been conducting fact-finding activities with Kwon Jae-jin, head of the public security department, since December 21, shortly after Lee committed suicide.

Judging that there was pressure on former chiefs, the prosecution planned to indict and arrest the two former NIS chiefs on the morning of December 2. The Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office said it will indict former NIS chiefs Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon as early as this afternoon.The prosecution planned an arrest investigation of the two directors as allegations arose that there was pressure on employees along with the demand for a reversal of the statement.

Result

Shin Geon was accused of wiretapping Lee Hee-ho's nephew Lee Hyung-taek's "Treasure Ship salvage Project" in December 2001 and the "Democratic Party presidential nomination" between then-Democratic Party lawmakers Lee Kang-rae and KBS President Park Kwon-sang in March 2002.Shin was found to have received a report from the eight countries, which were the department of wiretapping in 1998, on the development of wiretapping network monitoring equipment and the development plan of mobile wiretapping equipment.

Former director Lim Dong-won was asked to enact operational guidelines for the equipment after receiving a report from Deputy Director Kim Eun-sung on the completion of the development of 20 sets of Cas equipment in May 2000.Unlike his wife, the prosecution's investigation revealed that the two former chiefs were also involved in the development of wiretapping equipment. As the allegations were revealed, the Seoul Central District Prosecutors' Office arrested and indicted two former NIS chiefs, Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon, on charges of violating the Communication Secret Protection Act on December 2.

The prosecution said, "The National Intelligence Service violated the president's order to eradicate wiretapping and actually conducted domestic political inspections using illegal wiretapping."On December 2, two former heads of the National Intelligence Service, Lim Dong-won and Shin Geon, arrested and imprisoned additional suspects. As a result, the alleged wiretapping of the NIS revealed by Jeong Hyeong-Geun turned out to be true after three years and three months.

Additional Information

The eavesdropping of the NIS is a national crime committed chronically since the 3rd Republic when the Central Intelligence Agency was established. Even in the era of dictatorship, the failure of presidents to eradicate wiretapping in the democratic era shows that vivid wiretapping information is a temptation for the ruling party to resist.

Meanwhile, Kim Eun-sung and others met then GNP chief of staff Lee Hoi-chang to ask for cooperation in the Anpung case, and in June 2000, former Democratic Party lawmaker Jang Sung-min criticized Kwon No-gap.

During the trial, Kim Eun-sung's statement said, "Director Lim Dong-won is trying to reform too rapidly." Meet me and warn me.' I met him. In addition, NIS officials also intervened in the issue of private interests with the materials they heard.Some senior NIS officials met with Rep. Lee Shin-beom and others as Lim Dong-won ordered "meet Lee Shin-beom and give him some slack" over Kim Hong-gul's house lawsuit.

• Look for important terms, concepts, and technical phrases within your assigned article. Do these concepts translate neatly into English? If not, how can you effectively communicate those topics in your translated article?
  • I tried my best to translate important terms and concepts into English. There were many repetitions of words like eavesdropping and wiretapping. There was an idiom in the original document; however, it was difficult to translate into English. Thus, I left that sentence out. Regardless, the context and meaning does not change.
• How confident are you in translating your assigned article & what resources are available to you if you get stuck? Remember, you do not need to be an expert in your language to translate, but should feel comfortable asking for help when needed.
  • This article was much more difficult than the first one I was assigned. There was much more information in this article. In addition, there were many different names that can be written differently, which makes it harder to decide one best option. When I was stuck, I used Korean dictionary to find an English word. I am not a fan of using translator as those are very inaccurate in Korean.
• English Wikipedia has style manuals to help editors maintain consistency and readability. What writing resources are available on your language Wikipedia? Include these in both your discussion responses and the final project.
  • I am not sure if this exists in Korean wikipedia. I tried to find one after the first assignment but still have not located any.
• Readability is important when writing a Wikipedia article. What strategies can you use or what adjustments can you make to facilitate your potential viewers' comfort when reading the article?
  • It is important to use simple sentences, especially in Korea. The nature of the language makes it difficult to write a simple sentence, following correct grammatical order. The problem with Korean language is that it makes sense no matter how you write it. Thus, it is important to fully understand the context before translating.
• How much of a cultural understanding would readers need in order to understand the concepts presented in the article? How might you communicate this background knowledge in your translation?
  • This article does not need cultural understanding. Because this article talks about one specific case, it is easy to read and digest all the information presented in this article.

Week 8 Discussion

• What are some reasons you might not want to use a company's website as the main source of information about that company?
  • It is not a good idea to use a company’s website for information as the included information will not be credible. Because the company can include any information they want, it may not be neutral. Therefore, in order to refer to the right information, it is advised not to use the company’s website as the source of information.
• What is the difference between a copyright violation and plagiarism?
  • Plagiarism is using author’s works or other people’s works without citing their work while copyright violation is using author’s work without their permission to use their works.
• What are some good techniques to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism within a translated article?  
  • In order to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism, it is important to make sure the words, structure, and information are completely different from the original content. One way to prevent this is to refer to different articles and take notes in your own writing style. You can try to explain the idea instead of copying word by word. Another tip is to not open the website while writing.
• What are a few differences you notice between English citations and the citations in your assigned language?
  • Many resources are from articles.
  • Korean wikipedia’s date order is month, day, year while English wikipedia is day, month, and year.

Week 9 Editing Citations

• Use the information you collected from the “Weekly Lab Virtual Discussion” on differences between English Wikipedia and your language Wikipedia to think about citation style.  
  • In Korean, the footnote is called 각주. Sources written in Korean are reflected in Korean. However, there are two scenarios for sources written in English. One is that the author and the title of the source are written in English while the descriptions are in Korean. Another case is that the name of the author is written in Korean and the title is written in English. Besides, all the English publications are listed with (영어) next to it to make sure that the sources are written in English.
• Take time to thoughtfully edit your citations within your sandbox. Before you start you may want to take a look at a few other pages in English to make sure the style you are using makes sense. Check out the talk pages of a few articles and try to examine a few that are higher up on the quality scale when completing this task.
  • Yes. I have made edits for my citations. I have also visited the talk pages of a few articles; however, Korean Wikipedia articles’ talk pages do not include information about sources or citation style. However, it does have a separate page to guide these steps.
• When creating translated content on Wikipedia, it is important to credit the authors of the original article. Most Wikipedias will discuss best practices for acknowledging this in the translated article, such as adding a note in the References section. Look within both English and your assigned language Wikipedia for these best practices and make appropriate edits to your articles to reflect them.
  • Yes. Korean Wikipedia has a footnote where the writers can include citations and references they used for their articles. There are no distinct differences in the format except that it includes both Korean and English. Korean Wikipedia has a separate page detailing all the necessary steps to cite a resource and add a note in the References section.