Peer Review by Ted Kim
Nice intro! Makes me want to read more about it.
Second paragraph: 'brain activity and behavior' Is this specific to humans or other animals? Also what kind of behavior are we talking about?
Here again: "neuron activity and behavior." It seems a bit vague to just say behavior. Is there anything specific we are looking for here as behaviors?
"light sensitive channels and pumps" of the brain? Or is it expressed somewhere else? If you can be more specific about where in the body this can be found it will be easier to visualize this process.
"chemically engineered receptors to target specific cells" Isn't this contradicting what is mentioned in the beginning? It's been mentioned that macromolecules are engineered, not receptors. Are the modifications done on the receptors on certain cells or ligands that are detected by specific cells?
Can you explain what 'inert molecule' is? I know that it means that it doesn't react with anything but DREADDs but that may not seem too clear with other readers who don't know about DREADDs.
Try to limit using therefore. It seems to be used too often.
Also can we delve into what resolution we are specifically talking about? While we use chemo- or optogenetics how are the neurons visualized? Is it fluorescence imaging, confocal microscopy, or any other techniques? Also, I don't know what 'higher spatial resolution' means. Is it better 2D imaging or 3D imaging? Depth? I think more elaboration would be helpful.
"To treat and relieve the symptoms of any disease" This is a bold claim. Is this any disease or neurological disorders? Please specify.
If you can find details about "two viral vectors," putting examples of such viral vectors would be great!
Second sentence of 'Animal Models' section is a bit too long. It would be best to break it into two. Talk about in vivo enhancers and inhibitor in a separate sentence.
Last sentence of 1st paragraph of animal models: what type of influence did it have? Positive or negative?
This sentence "However, some recent studies in 2016 have been able to demonstrate successes showing that silencing the activity of neurons in the Orbitofrontal cortex along with the removal of Rhinal cortex restricted the reward task performance in macaques" has nothing to do with the 1st sentence of the paragraph. Perhaps focus on the increased time and cost for the projects part? Or a different opening addressing the improvement in current research may be better.
Overall, nice job adding much detail to the article. Very impressed by the number of citations. You really did thorough research on the topic and I know you can be more clear in terms of explaining the concepts or words that may need elaboration. Let me know if you don't understand any of the suggested edits.
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01 - June - 2017 Peer Review on Chemogenetics by Michael Le
Grammar: "Optogenetics uses light sensitive channels and pumps that are virally introduced to neurons and alters the activity of neuron populations..."
"DREADDS are the most common GPCRs used in chemogenetics ." (Extra space after chemogenetics)
"To treat and relieve the symptoms of any disease using the DREADDS technique,these receptors are delivered to the area of interest by viral transduction." (Needs a space after technique, )
I thought the tone was very appropriate for a Wikipedia-type piece.
Although it may have been a result of my Neuroscience-specific background, I had trouble grasping a baseline understanding of how exactly chemogenetics is done. You mention the differences between optogenetics and chemogenetics being the use of light in one and the use of chemically engineered receptors in the other but I'm missing that sentence or two that gives me a proper understanding of how exactly specific cell populations are targeted. The DREADDS piece is a little better in terms of comprehension but I still feel like I'm struggling to understand the mechanism behind the targetting.
"Chemogenetics doesn’t require the expensive light equipment and therefore, has a higher accessibility." (I'd probably use the phrase more feasible or more practical than accessible)"
"The resolution in Optogenetic declines due to light scattering and decrease in illuminance with increased distance of the subject from the light source.These factors therefore don’t allow for all target cells to be affected by light and lead to low spatial resolution in Optogenetics." (This entire piece requires some sort of citation).
Otherwise, this was a solid contribution to the Wikiuniverse. Keep up the great work! Just try to step back from the article and add pieces of information that would help facilitate the understanding of this concept for absolutely anyone with a rudimentary background in science.
~Fin~
- ^ Galvan, Adriana; Caiola, Michael J.; Albaugh, Daniel L. (2017-02-25). "Advances in optogenetic and chemogenetic methods to study brain circuits in non-human primates". Journal of Neural Transmission: 1–17. doi:10.1007/s00702-017-1697-8. ISSN 0300-9564.
- ^ Dobrzanski, Grzegorz; Kossut, Małgorzata (2017-04-01). "Application of the DREADD technique in biomedical brain research". Pharmacological Reports. 69 (2): 213–221. doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2016.10.015.
- ^ Bang, Juwon; Kim, Hak Yeong; Lee, Hyosang. "Optogenetic and Chemogenetic Approaches for Studying Astrocytes and Gliotransmitters". Experimental Neurobiology. 25 (5). doi:10.5607/en.2016.25.5.205. PMC 5081467. PMID 27790055.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Miller, Rachel E.; Ishihara, Shingo; Bhattacharyya, Bula; Delaney, Ada; Menichella, Daniela M.; Miller, Richard J.; Malfait, Anne-Marie (2017-04-01). "Chemogenetic inhibition of pain neurons in a mouse model of osteoarthritis". Arthritis & Rheumatology: n/a–n/a. doi:10.1002/art.40118. ISSN 2326-5205.
- ^ Fleury Curado, Thomaz; Fishbein, Kenneth; Pho, Huy; Brennick, Michael; Dergacheva, Olga; Sennes, Luiz U.; Pham, Luu V.; Ladenheim, Ellen E.; Spencer, Richard (2017-03-10). "Chemogenetic stimulation of the hypoglossal neurons improves upper airway patency". Scientific Reports. 7. doi:10.1038/srep44392. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5345079. PMID 28281681.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)