| Name of trade | Description of trade | Reason for trade ending | Trade start | Trade end | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Limeburner | Limeburners loaded, fired, cooled and unloaded a lime kiln in a one-week cycle. The work was physically strenuous and somewhat dangerous as the end-product (lime or CaO) is caustic. | Local small-scale kilns became increasingly unprofitable, and they gradually died out through the 19th century. They were replaced by larger industrial plants with more efficient kilns. | 7500–6000 BCE | 1920s | [1] |
| Armourer (chain mail) | Armourers constructed chain mail by riveting together iron or steel rings. Chain mail was more flexible and less tailored to an individual than the later plate armour. | For the wealthy, plate armour was preferred to chain mail as it provided better protection, however chain mail continued to be used by other soldiers until modern firemans rendered it ineffective in preventing serious injury. | 3rd century BCE | 17th century | [2] |
| Armourer (plate armour) | Armourers constructed a suit of armour by fitting armour to the individual wearer like a tailor. A full suit of high quality fitted armour was very expensive and restricted their clientele exclusively to the wealthy. | The development of powerful firearms made all but the finest and heaviest plate armour obsolete. | 14th century | 17th century | [3] |
| Oakum picker | Oakum, a preparation of tarred fibers used to seal gaps, was recycled from old tarry ropes, which were unravelled and reduced to fibre. This activity was a common occupation in prisons and workhouses, where inmates who could not do heavy labour were put to work picking oakum. | The activity became uneconomic as the labour cost exceeded the value of the recycled material. | unknown | 19th century | [4] |
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References edit
- ^ Carran, D.; Hughes, J.; Leslie, A.; Kennedy, C. (2012). "A Short History of the Use of Lime as a Building Material Beyond Europe and North America". International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 6 (2): 117–146. doi:10.1080/15583058.2010.511694. S2CID 111165006.
- ^ Stone, G.C. (1934): A Glossary of the Construction, Decoration and Use of Arms And Armor in All Countries and in All Times, Dover Publications, New York
- ^ Curl, Michael. "The Industry of Defence: A Look at the Armour Industry of the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Sixteenth Century". Medieval Warfare, vol. 2, no. 1, 2012, pp. 38–42. JSTOR 48578631. Accessed 17 June 2021.
- ^ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Oakum". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 935.
