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The article I am evaluating is Alice in Wonderland (1951 Film).

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Gar: The article's content is relative to the topic and written neutrally. There's a lack of citations and sourcing.

References edit

Species and Identification edit

Alligator Gar edit

The largest member of the gar family, the alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula). The ancient fish reaches the length of up to 10 feet, and over 300 pounds.[1][2]The alligator gar's body and snout is wide and stocky. It's name was formed when locals confused this animal for an alligator.[1][3] This large species can be found in Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi River, Ohio, Missouri river, and the southern drainages into Mexico.[3][2]Their habitat consists of lakes and bays where slow currents run through.[2] As young, the gar grows rapidly in size. Once the alligator gar is an adult, its growth is slower in pace.[4] Coloration of this type is all deep green or yellow.[3][2] Recreational fishing of the alligator gar became popular due to its massive size, and sold for its meat in local areas.[5]After over 5 decades this event caused almost extinction of the species.[3][4]Man made dams have contributed to this loss by the gar not being able to spawn in flood plain areas.[5]Laws have been put in place to reduce the overfishing and conservation program efforts to reintroduce the alligator gar to regain number count. [3][4]Before being released into selected water locations, each gar has to be measured and meet a certain length requirement for the best chance of survival rate.[6]In states such as Texas, there's a limitation of how many gar can be caught in a day, a season on when to fish them, equipment allowed to be used, and length restrictions.[7]Scientists have found that the alligator gar can help maintain the ecosystem balance by showing scientists where positive reproduction habitats can be found, as well as for other migratory species.[8]

 
Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)

Florida Gar edit

Florida gar (Lepisosteus platyrhincus) can be found in the Ocklockonee river, Florida, and Georgia.[9][10] Sticking to preferred locations of mud or sandy bottoms, with bountiful vegetation.[9][11]Florida gar are commonly confused with its cousin, the spotted gar.[9] They have uneven black spots covering the head, body, and fins.[9][10] Coloration of green-brown scales along the back of the body, and white or yellow on the underbelly.[9][12] This close coloration to its habitat, allows this predator to ambush its pray.[9][12] The Florida gar doesn't have ganoid scales located on the throat.[9] Female Florida gar grow bigger than its counterpart, of sizes between 13-34 inches.[9][12]

Spotted Gar edit

The spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) is a smaller gar specie.[1] Just under 4 feet and average of 15 pounds.[1] Females, are larger than the male spotted gar.[13]This gar has dark spots covering its head, body, and fins.[1]Their bodies are compact, and have shorter snouts.[1]They prefer to live in more clear shallow waters between 3-5 meters deep.[14] Surrounding itself in brush foliage.[13] [11]Located in the waters of Lake Michigan, Lake Erie Basin, Mississippi River System, and river drainages along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico from the Nueces River in Texas east to the lower Apalachicola River in Florida.[13][15] Sharing common waters with the alligator gar. the alligator gar is the main predator of spotted gar. These smaller gar live at a lifespan average of 18 years.[13]A new discovery has been found by scientists, that spotted gar genetics can create new found understandings of human development and diseases.[14]It's also been found that these gar show where best spawning for other recreational fishes are located.[15]

 
Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus)

Shortnose Gar edit

The shortnose gar (Lepisosteus platostomus), located in the Mississippi River Basin, Indiana,Wisconsin, Montana, Alabama, and Louisiana.[16] Living in habitats of lakes, swamps, and calm pools.[11][16] Relative to other gar species, the shortnose gar is characterized by its shorter and broad snout.[16][1]Like the longnose gar, it has one row of teeth. The upper jaw is longer than the rest of its head.[16] The coloration of the shortnose gar is similar to the alligator gar, a deep green or a brown color.[16] [1]Depending on the clarity of water, spots can be present on the caudal, dorsal, and anal fins.[16] They have a lifespan of 20 years and reaches up to 5 pounds in weight.[17] The shortnose gar grows to lengths of 24-35 inches.[17][15] This species of gar consumes more invertebrates than any other gars.[16]A high content of Asian carp fish has been discovered in shortnose gar stomachs than any other native species of fish.[18]

Longnose Gar edit

The Longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus), like its name, has a longer and more narrow cylindrical body.[1][19]The longnose gar's snout is more than twice the length of the rest of its head, distinguishing it from other gar relatives.[20] [21]Reaching 6 feet and 8 inches in length and weighing up to 35-80 pounds.[1][20] Unlike the alligator gar, the longnose gar only has a single row of teeth.[20][22]Unlike its relatives, they enter brackish water from time to time.[20] [11]Females are larger and live longer than the male longnose gar.[20] [19]Females living 22 years, and males about half as long.[20] There are spots on the head, dorsal, anal, and caudal fins.[20][1][23] Depending on the water clarity, the longnose gar comes in two colors.[20] In clear water, they're a dark deep green color. In muddy waters, it's more brown in color.[20] Edges of the ganoid scales and in between are black.[20][23] These type of gar are occasionally fished by locals, and blamed for eating other fish in the rivers.[20][19] The longnose gar has a large range of territory in North America, into the Gulf of Mexico.[20] [23]Located in Florida, Quebec, all Great Lakes except Lake Superior, Missouri, Mississippi, Texas, and northern Mexico.[20][24]

 
Longnose Gar (Lepisosteus osseus)
 
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "How to Identify Alligator Gar". tpwd.texas.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-20.
  2. ^ a b c d "Atractosteus spatula summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Alligator Gars, Alligator Gar Pictures, Alligator Gar Facts". National Geographic. 2009-12-15. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  4. ^ a b c "Alligator Gar (Atractosteus spatula)". tpwd.texas.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  5. ^ a b "Alligator Gar". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
  6. ^ "Fishing in Illinois". www.ifishillinois.org. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  7. ^ "Who Fishes for Alligator Gar?". tpwd.texas.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  8. ^ "Conservation of Ancient Fishes: Reintroducing the Alligator Gar; and What About Those Carp?". National Geographic Society Newsroom. 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h "Lepisosteus platyrhincus". Florida Museum. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  10. ^ a b "Florida Gar". Florida Fish And Wildlife Conservation Commission. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  11. ^ a b c d "FAMILY Details for Lepisosteidae - Gars". www.fishbase.in. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  12. ^ a b c "Toronto Zoo | Florida gar". www.torontozoo.com. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  13. ^ a b c d Givinsky, Lana Hall; Thomas Meade; Drew Paulette; Josh Albert; Stephanie. "Lepisosteus oculatus (Spotted gar)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2019-07-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ a b "Conservation of Ancient Fishes: Reintroducing the Alligator Gar; and What About Those Carp?". National Geographic Society Newsroom. 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  15. ^ a b c "Spotted Gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) - Species Profile". nas.er.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g Bradburn, Mark. "Lepisosteus platostomus (Shortnose gar)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  17. ^ a b "Lepisosteus platostomus summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  18. ^ "Conservation of Ancient Fishes: Reintroducing the Alligator Gar; and What About Those Carp?". National Geographic Society Newsroom. 2016-08-08. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  19. ^ a b c "Longnose Gar | Chesapeake Bay Program". www.chesapeakebay.net. Retrieved 2019-07-26.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Lepisosteus osseus". Florida Museum. 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
  21. ^ "Gar - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation". www.dec.ny.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  22. ^ "Gar - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation". www.dec.ny.gov. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  23. ^ a b c "National Aquarium | Longnose Gar". National Aquarium. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  24. ^ "Longnose Gar". MDC Discover Nature. Retrieved 2019-08-03.