| Holywell Ambush | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Irish War of Independence | |||||
| File:P Kenny Monument Holywell Co. Mayo.jpg Monument near the ambush site | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Irish Republican Army4th Battalion (Ballyhaunis) East Mayo Brigade |
 British Army(2nd Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Cmdt. Patrick Kenny |
Major Ritchie | ||||
| Strength | |||||
| 20 Volunteers in Ambush Party | 12-20 soldiers | ||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| 1 wounded | 3-10 wounded | ||||
  Location within Ireland | |||||
The Holywell Ambush edit
The Holywell Ambush was an ambush on the Ballyhaunis - Claremorris road near Holywell in the early hours of Monday 2nd of August 1920 carried out by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the Irish War of Independence. Approximately 20 local IRA volunteers commanded by Patrick Kenny attacked a British Military outpost that was guarding a broken down lorry.[1][2] [3][4]
Background edit
A large lorry transporting petrol which was part of a British military convoy travelling from Claremorris towards Ballyhaunis came off the road on the Claremorris-Ballyhaunis road near Holywell on Saturday 31st of July 1920.[1][5] The driver of the lorry lost control and crashed off the road into the bog below.[6] The lorry had sunk somewhat and was stuck in the bog. A military guard of between 12-20 British soldiers from the 2nd Battalion Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, who were garrisoned in the old workhouse in Claremorris, were placed on the lorry while the rest of the convoy continued on their journey. The soldiers set up camp in a little old abandoned house nearby, throwing a large tarpaulin over the roof of the house for shelter.[7] They placed two sentries on the road while the rest of the guard retired to the abandoned house where they lit a fire in the ruin's fireplace.[7][5] Martin Forkhan, a local IRA volunteer, happened upon the scene of the crashed lorry and immediately notified the Ballyhaunis Battalion Commandant, Patrick Kenny, of the situation. Kenny issued instructions to mobilise all officers in the Ballyhaunis Battalion area.[8] On that same night, a train leaving Ballyhaunis towards Westport was held up by armed and masked men not far from the military encampment. A unit of 25 IRA men under the command of Capt. Martin Forde (Bekan Coy) took control of the train after firing a number of warning shots. The IRA then removed steel shutters destined for Westport RIC Barracks and buried them in the bog nearby.[9][10] The steel shutters were part of a program of fortifaction of RIC Barracks country-wide. Some of these men then mobilised with the other gathered IRA officers and met at Holywell Wood, where arrangements were made for an attempt to overpower and disarm the soldiers guarding the crashed lorry.
Ambush edit
The assembled IRA (approximately 40 strong) marched to the site of the military encampment where they took up positions. The volunteers were unsure of the size of the British force guarding the lorry, as all they could see was one sentry. So one IRA officer approached the sentry and asked for a light for a cigarette. The sentry sent him into the camp. As he lit his cigarette from the camp fire he looked around and counted 18 rifles present. It was then presumed that there were roughly 18 soldiers at the encampment. Approximately 40 IRA men had gathered for the attack. Cmdt. Kenny ordered an attack but as the IRA volunteers were crawling through the fields towards the encampment, a line of motorcars appeared on the Claremorris road. Their headlights would have given away the positions of the IRA, so due to their poor positions, the delay in organising a plan and the coming dawn, it was decided that the attack was to be postponed until the following night.[11]
The next day, Sunday 1st August 1920 a section of men under the command of Capt. Patrick McNieve (Logboy Coy) was positioned near the site of the encampment to keep it under observation while the officers mobilised the whole battalion.[12] On this day, there had been sports on in Aghamore and many of the battalions volunteers had gathered in that area so were easily located.[13]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Back at Holywell, scouts were posted on the surrounding roads to notify of any advancing British reinforcements and the road had been cut (a trench had been dug across it) to delay any traffic from getting by. On that night with all available men in the battalion area mobilised the IRA assembled once more and made a plan of attack. They again got into their assigned positions and waited. D Coy (Brackloon) proceeded to their positions between Ballyhaunis and Holywell where they were on outpost duty guarding the road about half a mile from the ambush site.[14][15] The IRA officers decided that while the soldiers in the camp slept, some volunteers would attempt to sneak into the camp and take their weapons. Cmdt. Patrick Kenny led a small ambush party of about 20 men and crept into the camp at approximately 3am.[11][15] They were armed with shotguns and revolvers. A further 188 IRA men (many of them unarmed) from the Battalion were on scouting, road trenching, sentry and outpost duties in the surrounding district.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). The ambush party succesfully infilitrated the camp without alerting the sentries and Cmdt. Kenny managed to gather up five or six rifles that were stacked together. But as he was leaving the camp, the alarm was raised and the British soldiers began to awaken. The IRA shouted a demand for the British military guard to surrender but when no surrender came, the IRA opened fire. 3 British soldiers were badly wounded in the opening salvo. One took a full shotgun blast to his back, another had a portion of his arm blown off and the third was badly wounded in the leg.[2]Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). With 3 of their men knocked out, the British soldiers organised their defence and returned fire on the IRA. The IRA ambush party retreated to positions behind a fence where they maintained constant fire on the camp.[5] A fierce gun battle ensued. In the darkness as Cmdt. Kenny retreated with the rifles in his arms he was severely wounded by a shotgun blast from one of his own men. He had been shot in the left arm and face. He fell from his wounds and dropped the rifles he had been carrying. Capt. Martin Forde (Bekan Coy) and several other officers ran to Kenny's aid.[9] Forde and and his comrades were able to carry Kenny to safety. The battle continued on for about an hour and before dawn, just as the military guard seemed about to surrender, two lorries of British reinforcements came from Claremorris to their assistance.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). The British reinforecments opened fire from their lorries on the outposts as they encountered them who returned fire with their shotguns.[16] With the IRA running low on ammunition and now out-gunned, Cmdt. Kenny issued an order for the IRA to retreat under fire.[16] In total the ambush lasted for between one and two hours. Dawn was breaking just as the engagement ended.
Aftermath edit
After Cmdt. Kenny was safely extracted from the engagment he was carried by Volunteers Jack and William Caulfield along with others to a house nearby and then on to Pat Healy’s house. The British military's account reported that the soldiers witnessed a body being carried into a house nearby.[17] From there he was brought to be treated first by Dr. A Smyth, Ballyhaunis, who was the Battalions Medical Officer.[18] He was then moved to Mayo county infirmary where Dr. McBride treated him. It was deemed unsafe for him to stay there so after 24hrs he then had to leave and was treated in Union hospital for 10 days (Dr. Hopkins Castlebar). Finally he was brought to Surgeon M Ó Máille, St. Brides home, Galway, where he received treatment for 5 weeks.[19] He then went to recuperate with Pádraic Ó Máille TD in Connemara for 4 months and returned to the Ballyhaunis area in April 1921.
Although the IRA operation was deemed unsuccessful as they had not achieved their primary objective of disarming the British soldiers and their commanding officer was badly wounded in the attack[15], the IRA still inflicted a minimum of three casualties on the British side. There were varying accounts of casualties from both sides. Some of the volunteers who took part in the ambush claimed that 5 and upwards of 10 on the British side were wounded.[8][1][20] The British claimed that they had killed one IRA man and wounded several others.[17] The following day, British police and military carried out an exhaustive search in the intervening districts. It was reported in the Western People, that in the search that followed the police and military from Claremorris and Ballyhaunis found blood stains over the ground covered by the IRA and two shotguns, a loaded revolver and two overcoats.[5] In reality the IRA only suffered one casualty, that of their Cmdt. P Kenny. In the military drive that followed the number of private houses raided totalled one hundred and fifty, however nothing incriminating was found.[21]
Notes edit
- ^ a b c Brigade Activity files: A26 1 Brigade 2 Western Division (South Mayo)
- ^ a b Irish Independent 04/08/1920 Page 5
- ^ Interesting Extracts- Brief Personal notes on Parochial and other passing events by Michael F Waldron, Knox St., Ballyhaunis, 7th February 1953. Printed in Annagh Parish Magazine 2007, 2008, 2009
- ^ 3P785 Patrick Kenny
- ^ a b c d Western People 07/08/1920, page 5
- ^ MSP34REF3087 Vol Patrick Finnegan, Crossard Coy
- ^ a b MSP34REF56920 Vol Matt Cribbin, Bekan Coy
- ^ a b WMSP3REF35843 Vol Martin Forkhan, Ballyhaunis Coy
- ^ a b MSP34REF19068 Capt. Martin Forde, Bekan Coy
- ^ Freemans Journal 4th Aug 1920, Page 3
- ^ a b MSP34REF20538 Vol John Kinnane (Cunnane) Bekan Coy
- ^ MSP34REF22638 Capt. Patrick McNieve, Logboy Coy
- ^ Annagh Parish Magazine 1990
- ^ MSP34REF11972 Vol James Sloyan, Brackloon Coy
- ^ a b c MSP34REF12092 Vol Michael Sloyan, Brackloon Coy Cite error: The named reference "”Michael" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b MSP34REF16819 Vol Thomas Dolan, Bekan Coy
- ^ a b Leitrim Observer 7th Aug 1920, Page 4 Cite error: The named reference "Leitrim Observer" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Annagh Parish Magazine 2015
- ^ Bureau of Military History Witness Statement No. 1632: Cmdt Micheal McHugh, Vice Comdt. West Mayo, IRA
- ^ O’Malley Notebooks P17b/113 (Johnny Grealy)
- ^ The Irish Bulletin Aug 1920
References edit
- Irish Military Archives: Military Service Pension Collection [1]
- Irish Military Archives: Brigade Activity Files [2]
- Irish Military Archives: Collins Papers [3]
- Irish Newspaper Archive [4]
- Hegarty Thorne, Kathleen (2007). They Put the Flag a-Flyin'.
- Price, Dominic (2012). The Flame and the Candle.
- O'Malley, Ernie (2014). The Men Will Talk to Men: Mayo Interviews.
- Ó Brádaigh, Ruairí (1997). Dílseacht.
- Belfast Historical, and Educational Society (2014). Irish Bulletin Volume 2 (3rd May 1920 - 31st August 1920).