Food Insecurity in the Central Valley edit
Demographics of California's Central Valley[1] edit
The demographics of the Central Valley varies considering the Central Valley spans 450 miles lengthwise and 40-60 miles width-wise[1]. The valley spans from Redding down to Bakersfield and includes two valleys; the northern Sacramento Valley and the southern San Joaquin Valley. The valley is comprised of 18 counties total, which include: Shasta, Tehama, Glenn, Butte, Colusa, Sacramento, El Dorado, Sutter, Yuba, Yolo, Placer, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare, and Kern counties.
The demographics of the Central Valley also varies. Here is a list of demographics per county compiled from U.S. Census data. Percentage of people per race is from most recent census data, which was performed in 2010[2]. The percentages do not always add up to 100% because people can elect to choose more than one race (See "About This Map" tab)[3]. The Median Household Income information is from 2015[4]. The percentage of people living in poverty per county is from 2015.
United States Demographics edit
The population of the United States is estimated to ~324,805,000 people[5].The average percentage of people living in poverty is 14.7%[6].
California's Demographics edit
California's population is 37,253,956 people[7]. The Median Household Income is $55,775[8].
Shasta County edit
Shasta county is 8.4% Hispanic, 0.9% Black, 86.7% White, and 2.5% Asian. The total population is 177,223 people. The Median Household Income is $45,943, and 19.0% of the population lives in poverty.
Tehama County edit
Tehama County is 21.9% Hispanic, 0.6% Black, 81.5% White, and 1.0% Asian. The total population is 63,463 people. The Median Household Income is $40,292 and 22.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Glenn County edit
Glenn County is 37.5% Hispanic, 0.8% Black, 71.1% White, and 2.6% Asian. The total population is 28,122 people. The Median Household income is $43,584 and 18.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Butte County edit
Butte County is 14.1% Hispanic, 1.6% Black, 81.9% White, and 4.1% Asian. The total population is 220,000 people. The Median Household Income is $45,369 and 21.4% of the population lives in poverty.
Colusa County edit
Colusa County is 55.1% Hispanic, 0.9% Black, 64.7% White, and 1.3% Asian. The total population is 21,419 people. The Median Household Income is $51,118 and 13.2% of the population lives in poverty.
Sacramento Country edit
Sacramento County is 21.6% Hispanic, 10.4% Black, 57.5% White, and 14.3% Asian. The total population is 1,418,788 people. The Median Household Income is $58,735 and 16.9% of the population lives in poverty.
El Dorado County edit
El Dorado County is 12.1% Hispanic, 0.8% Black, 86.6% White, and 3.5% Asian. The total population is 181,058 people. The Median Household Income is $75,575 and 9.1% of the population lives in poverty.
Sutter County edit
Sutter County is 28.8% Hispanic, 2.0% Black, 61.0% White, and 14.4% Asian. The total population is 94,737 people. The Median Household Income is $50,810 and 17.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Yuba County edit
Yuba County is 25.0% Hispanic, 3.3% Black, 68.4% White, and 6.7% Asian. The total population is 72,155 people. The Median Household Income is $46,500 and 21.6% of the population lives in poverty.
Yolo County edit
Yolo County is 30.1% Hispanic, 2.6% Black, 63.2% White, and 13.0% Asian. The total population is 200,849 people. The Median Household Income s $58,766 and 17.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Placer County edit
Place County is 12.8% Hispanic, 1.4% Black, 83.5% White, and 5.9% Asian. The total population is 348,432 people. The Median Household Income is $76,203 and 8.6% of the population lives in poverty.
San Joaquin County edit
San Joaquin County is 38.9% Hispanic, 7.6% Black, 51.0% White, and 14.4% Asian. The total population is 685,306 people. The Median Household Income is $53,341 and 17.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Stanislaus County edit
Stanislaus County is 41.9% Hispanic, 2.9% Black, 65.6% White, and 5.1% Asian. The total population is 514,453 people. The Median Household Income is $51,949 and 19.5% of the population lives in poverty.
Merced County edit
Merced County is 54.9% Hispanic, 3.9% Black, 58.0% White, and 7.4% Asian. The total population is 255,793 people. The Median Household Income is $42,879 and 25.9% of the population lives in poverty.
Madera County edit
Madera County is 53.7% Hispanic, 3.7% Black, 62.6% White, and 1.9% Asian. The total population is 150,865 people. The Median Household Income is $46,593 and 22.6% of the population lives in poverty.
Fresno County edit
Fresno County is 50.3% Hispanic, 5.3% Black, 55.4% White, and 9.6% Asian. The total population is 930,450 people. The Median Household Income is $46,608 and 25.2% of the population lives in poverty.
Kings County edit
Kings County is 50.9% Hispanic, 7.2% Black, 54.3% White, and 3.7% Asian. The total population is 152,982 people. The Median Household Income is $46,440 and 22.4% of the population lives in poverty.
Tulare County edit
Tulare County is 60.6% Hispanic, 1.6% Black, 60.1% White, and 3.4% Asian. The total population is 442,179 people. The Median Household Income is $42,637 and 27.2% of the population lives in poverty.
Kern County edit
Kern County is 49.2% Hispanic, 5.8% Black, 59.5% White, and 4.2% Asian. The total population is 839,631 people. The Median Household Income is $51,150 and 21.9% of the population lives in poverty.
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Need to create paragraph assessing the demographics of the central valley, try to find connection to farm worker pops within the central valley,
https://www.census.gov/did/www/sahie/data/interactive/sahie.html?s_appName=sahie&map_yearSelector=2010&s_year=2015,2010&s_statefips=06&s_stcou=06007,06011,06017,06019,06021,06029,06031,06039,06047,06061,06067,06077,06089,06099,06101,06103,06107,06113,06115 (Used to determine % uninsured per county)
https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes452092.htm (definition of farmworker by US Bureau of Labor)
https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes452092.htm#st (percentages farm workers per state)
http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eue&AN=118250372&site=eds-live
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Sheena Hamid:
Roughdraft:
(I will properly cite everything before posting!)
Central Valley Food Insecurity and its effects on Children edit
The Central Valley is home to one of the largest agricultural regions in the United States, however it still suffers from food deserts[9]. It is also the home to a predominantly Latino or Mexican heritage communities[10]. Studies have also shown that Latino children are more obese than other races[10]. It has been a recurring issue that Latino community in the Central Valley face higher rates of childhood obesity[10] . Studies have encouraged programs to start instilling more healthy eating habits and exercise[10]. In 2006, the Central California Regional Obesity Prevention Program (CCROPP) was created to do just that[9]. They prove that it's possible to improve the lifestyles of those who may live in food deserts and other under-resourced communities by implementing obesity-prevention tips[9]. Central Alliance with Family Farmers (CAFF) is another program that encourages a partnership between family farms and the communities around them[11]. They specifically have a school program to connect students with fresh produce[11]. This is to essentially build an interest and awareness in local agriculture[11].
-Talk more about the different programs and find "success stories"
-Find more stats on the effects food insecurity has on Children
-How are farmworker children more affected? http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a8ebc2e1-c70c-4173-b53f-15bc52f50c6e%40sessionmgr4007&vid=12&hid=4114
Links
Becky:
Within the topic of food insecurity and food deserts there are many effects on agricultural workers, particularly in central California that I want to explore.
Intro to subsection: Background of agriculture workers in central California (demographics, wages, employment, etc.)
Information on immigrant workers and their health benefits/lack of benefits and access to food (data on this may be a little difficult to find).
Food access for agriculture workers. I will be looking at how many workers require assistance with getting enough to eat and what the food bank programs are like in the area.
Tying together the concepts of food insecurity and food deserts and how they are effecting the people that produce our food in the central valley.
I plan to research the following sources more in addition to finding others:
Minkoff-Zern, Laura-Anne. "Subsidizing Farmworker Hunger: Food Assistance Programs and the Social Reproduction of California Farm Labor." Geoforum, vol. 57, 01 Nov. 2014, pp. 91-98.
Kohl-Arenas, Erica. "Will the Revolution Be Funded? Resource Mobilization and the California Farm Worker Movement." Social Movement Studies, vol. 13, no. 4, Oct. 2014, pp. 482-498.
McCurdy, S A, et al. "Region of Birth, Sex, and Agricultural Work of Immigrant Latino Farm Workers: The MICASA Study." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, vol. 20, no. 2, Apr. 2014, pp. 79-90.
"Undocumented Workers." The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History. : Oxford University Press, 2013. Oxford Reference. 2013.
Street, Richard Steven. Beasts of the Field : A Narrative History of California Farmworkers, 1769-1913. Stanford, Calif. : Stanford University Press, 2004.
"United States Statistics." RAND State Statistics. N.p., n.d.
Food swamps draft - Adele edit
Food swamps are regions where sources of unhealthy foods outnumber sources of healthy, fresh foods.[12] It describes areas in which there is not a lack of food, but areas where there are many food options that are nutritionally deficient, typically high calorie but not high quality.[13] Populations who live in food swamps, such as the urban poor, are often unable to obtain fruits, vegetables, and other unprocessed foods. Some commonly seen components of food swamps are corner stores and fast food restaurants.[14] Living in a food swamp can be considered a type of food insecurity since according to the USDA Economic Research Service, low food security is defined as “reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet” with “little or no indication of reduced food intake,” and food swamps have very little quality and variety of diet.[15] Food security encompasses both the physical availability of food, but also the choices that are or are not available.
Many Latino households in particular suffer from food security in the form of limited access to fruits and vegetables.[16] A large portion of these households probably have at least one family member working as farm laborers, since the overall California farm workforce is 92% Latino, with Mexican-born workers being the vast majority.[17] In 2013, Mexican-born workers made up 68% of farmworkers.[17] Although it is indirect, one sign that these populations suffer from food swamps is how many Mexican farmworker families find their diets while in America to be much more “processed” compared to their “diverse and fresh” diets back in Mexico.[18] Higher numbers of corner stores have been observed in low income communities and communities with large minority populations.[19]
- adding more details specific to Central Valley and Latino households, farmworker access to fresh foods
- what is the relationship between Central Valley communities and food swamps?
- maybe more details about corners stores and their relationship to health/swamps
- compare/contrast with food deserts?
Minkoff-Zern, Laura-Anne. "Hunger Amidst Plenty: Farmworker Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies in California." Local Environment, vol. 19, no. 2, Feb. 2014, pp. 204-219. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/13549839.2012.729568.
Kaiser, LL, et al. "Food Insecurity and Food Supplies in Latino Households with Young Children." Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior, vol. 35, no. 3, May/Jun2003, pp. 148-153. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=106710206&site=eds-live.
Olson, Christine M., et al. "Factors Protecting against and Contributing to Food Insecurity among Rural Families." Family Economics & Nutrition Review, vol. 16, no. 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 12-20. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=14397393&site=eds-live.
Oexle, Nathalie, et al. "Research Report: Neighborhood Fast Food Availability and Fast Food Consumption." Appetite, vol. 92, 01 Sept. 2015, pp. 227-232. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1016/j.appet.2015.05.030.
Ortega, Alexander N., et al. "Substantial Improvements Not Seen in Health Behaviors Following Corner Store Conversions in Two Latino Food Swamps." BMC Public Health, vol. 16, no. 1, 11 May 2016, pp. 1-10. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3074-1.
Hui, Luan, et al. "Identifying Food Deserts and Swamps Based on Relative Healthy Food Access: A Spatio-Temporal Bayesian Approach." International Journal of Health Geographics, vol. 14, 30 Dec. 2015, pp. 1-11. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1186/s12942-015-0030-8.
Rose, Donald et al. “The Importance of a Multi-Dimensional Approach for Studying the Links between Food Access and Consumption.” The Journal of Nutrition 140.6 (2010): 1170–1174. PMC. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.
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- ^ a b "Central Valley (California)". Wikipedia. 4/1/2017. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help) - ^ "Census Data Mapper". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "Questions and Answers for Census 2000 Data on Race". United States Census Bureau. 3/14/2001. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help) - ^ "Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "Population". Census. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "United States Census 2010: Interactive Population Map". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ "Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 4/3/2017.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ^ a b c Schwarte, Liz; Samuels, Sarah E.; Capitman, John; Ruwe, Mathilda; Boyle, Maria; Flores, George (2010). "The Central California Regional Obesity Prevention Program: Changing Nutrition and Physical Activity Environments in California's Heartland". American Journal of Public Health. 100 (11): 2124–2128. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.203588. PMC 2951953. PMID 20864732.
- ^ a b c d Sadeghi, Banafsheh; Schaefer, Sara; Tseregounis, Iraklis; Aguilera, Alberto; Martinez, Lisa; Gomez-Camacho, Rosa; Shaikh, Ulfat; Gomez, Mayra; Whent, Linda (2016). "Prevalence and Perception of Childhood Obesity in California's Farmworker Communities". Journal of Community Health. 42 (2): 377–384. doi:10.1007/s10900-016-0266-7. PMID 27734245. S2CID 21591504.
- ^ a b c Brodt, Sonja; Feenstra, Gail; Kozloff, Robin; Klonsky, Karen; Tourte, Laura (2006). "Farmer-community connections and the future of ecological agriculture in California". Agriculture and Human Values. 23: 75–88. doi:10.1007/s10460-004-5870-y. S2CID 153861834.
- ^ Rose, Donald; Bodor, J. Nicholas; Hutchinson, Paul L.; Swalm, Chris M. (2010). "The Importance of a Multi-Dimensional Approach for Studying the Links between Food Access and Consumption". The Journal of Nutrition. 140 (6): 1170–1174. doi:10.3945/jn.109.113159. PMC 2869502. PMID 20410084.
- ^ Rose, Donald; Bodor, J. Nicholas; Hutchinson, Paul L.; Swalm, Chris M. (2010). "The Importance of a Multi-Dimensional Approach for Studying the Links between Food Access and Consumption". The Journal of Nutrition. 140 (6): 1170–1174. doi:10.3945/jn.109.113159. PMC 2869502. PMID 20410084.
- ^ Ortega, Alexander N. (2016). "Substantial improvements not seen in health behaviors following corner store conversions in two Latino food swamps". BMC Public Health. 16: 10. doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3074-1. PMC 4864998. PMID 27169514 – via EBSCO Host.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "Definitions of Food Security". US Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service. 2006. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
- ^ Kaiser, LL (2003). "Food insecurity and food supplies in Latino households with young children". Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior. 35 (3): 148–153. doi:10.1016/S1499-4046(06)60199-1. PMID 12773286 – via EBSCO Host.
- ^ a b "Farmworkers in California: A Brief Introduction" (PDF). California Research Bureau. Oct 2013.
- ^ Minkoff-Zern, Laura-Anne (2014). "Hunger amidst plenty: farmworker food insecurity and coping strategies in California". Local Environment. 19 (2): 204–219. doi:10.1080/13549839.2012.729568. S2CID 154653581 – via EBSCO Host.
- ^ Borradaile, Kelley E. (2009). "Snacking in Children: The Role of Urban Corner Stores". AAP News & Journals. 124 (5): 1293–1298. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-0964. PMID 19822591. S2CID 2259063 – via AAP Publications.