Fox News's Reliability

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Looking at some of the uses of Fox News on Wikipedia, three patterns emerge:

  1. Fox is sometimes used for factual reports, where a less controversial source can be easily found (see "Green New Deal" example below)
  2. It is sometimes given as an example of a "bad" source that shouldn't be used
  3. It is sometimes used to establish the neutrality of controversial statements that are sourced from supposedly "leftist" sources ("So what if NYT reported it? Fox News reported it as well!")

Fox is also mentioned (but not used) when it is itself the subject of discussion, eg. when Trump calls one of their shows.

These patterns suggest that editors are generally aware of the problematic nature of the network and are careful not to overuse it. However, as the last completed RfC on Fox dates back to 2010, its current status is unclear and often contentious.

Below you will find sources on Fox News's reliability. Both formulations contains roughly the same account, but in different styles. If you've any questions or suggestions, leave them on Talk. François Robere (talk) 09:47, 22 June 2020 (UTC)


Fox News's reliability problem explained

Fox News's reliability problem explained

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  1. The talk shows are bad. This is something practically all sources and most Wikipedians agree on, so we won't delve into it. However, for some light entertainment see here.[1][2][3]
  2. The news programs are shoddy. The news programs may be better than the talk shows, but they still have issues: they've been known to air baseless, inflammatory, or just plain ridiculous stories with no verification (often with belated retraction, if any),[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] their graphics department is completely off the mark,[12][13] and their former head lied on air[14] and pushed reporters to bias their reports,[15] but was never disciplined for it - hardly what one would consider an acceptable standard for a news organization. What's more, Fox's reporters do an awful job of pushing back against the fallacies promote by their "talk show" colleagues, or even their guests: out of dozens (hundreds?) of reporters working at Fox, only Chris Wallace is known to still do this; others have either quit[16][17][18] or started playing patsy.[19][20] Other odd juxtapositions in the news department include co-hosting Fox's talk shows[21] and the occasional tweet referencing Infowars.[22][n 1]
  3. The commentary isn't commentary. More than any other network, Fox blurs the lines between "reporting" and "commentary", and between "commentary" and "advocacy". You know these discussions we keep having about "opinion vs. reporting"? They're off the mark. Fox's "talking heads" aren't about either - they're about advocacy. Commentary (also known as "opinions journalism") is a form of journalism; advocacy isn't.[24] Thomas Friedman, Art Buchwald and Peggy Noonan all won Pulitzers for commentary; Tucker Carlson never has, and never will. The fact that we as a community can't make the conceptual distinction between Thomas Friedman and Tucker Carlson shows you how deep Fox's damage goes.
  4. The website is awful. Their website, which we currently treat as "reliable", has all the issues the network has: coverage bias, lack of editorial controls, belated retractions, tabloid-style articles, and more; and the same is true of their Facebook and Twitter presence.[25][26][27][28][n 2][30][31][n 3][33] This shouldn't come as a surprise, of course, given their recent "course correction" towards what one scholar called "a little Breitbart".[34] In addition to their website and social network profiles, Fox also sends newsletters, like this one.[35] What is it exactly? Is it news? Is it commentary? Is it advocacy? Compared with a similar newsletter sent by the New York Times on the same day,[36] the difference is striking.
    1. Which leads to another, unexpected problem: say we have a reader of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez who wants to follow up on our sources, for whatever reason (maybe they're a highschool student writing a paper?); they click on one of the links and reach this innocent-looking piece by Liam Quinn on Ocasio-Cortez's "Green New Deal". They get just past the headline when they notice a couple of videos embedded within the article... They click "play", and without warning are assaulted by Brian Kilmeade's tirade against "social engineering" and "trains to Hawaii", and Andrew Puzder's attack on "socialist... programs just like they had in the Soviet Union".[n 4] We could've used any of a number of sources on the subject,[37][38][39] but by using Fox we inadvertently led an innocent reader from this repository of vetted, verified and carefully balanced content, to the patent nonsense of Fox News's worst, with just one click.
  5. The network as a whole is biased. Part of our process of evaluating a source is checking where it was published: Was it in a peer-reviewed journal, or a blog? An unknown publisher, or a highly respected one? Looking at Fox from this perspective, it's hard to justify treating it as a "news publisher" at all: half of its airtime (and all of its prime time) is dedicated to fallacies and conspiracy theories,[40][41][30][42][43][44][45][33][n 5] and it doesn't enforce even minimal standards of journalistic integrity on its hosts.[47] Add to that, the network is highly aligned with the Republican party and Trump's administration - much more so than any other network and any other administration in the past[48][49][50] - leading academics and critiques alike to state this news network isn't about news at all.[51][52][53][54][55][56] To quote Christopher Browning: "In Trump’s presidency, [propaganda has] effectively been privatized in the form of Fox News... Fox faithfully trumpets the “alternative facts” of the Trump version of events, and in turn Trump frequently finds inspiration for his tweets and fantasy-filled statements from his daily monitoring of Fox commentators and his late-night phone calls with Hannity. The result is the creation of a “Trump bubble” for his base to inhabit that is unrecognizable to viewers of PBS, CNN, and MSNBC and readers of The Washington Post and The New York Times."[57] Keep in mind when reading this that, like Browning, most sources critical of the network don't make a clear distinction between its talk shows and news programs;[n 6] the insistence of some Wikipedians that we should be making that distinction is, in a way, OR.[60]
    1. Not all biases are obvious. Roger Ailes once said: "Bias can be a lot of different ways - story selection, story placement, story emphasis. There's a lot of ways you can create subtle bias."[61] Of course, Ailes was defending Fox against accusations of bias, but he inadvertently gave us a guide to some of the ways Fox introduces it; these "invisible biases" are something Fox is heavily engaged in across all its venues, both online and offline.[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] By allowing the use of such a blatantly biased source, we're inviting unintentional WP:DUE violations and placing greater burdens on our editors to avoid them.
  6. It has real and damaging results. Fox News's viewers are less informed than those of other outlets[71][72][73][74] (according to one study, they're less informed than those who don't watch news at all),[75] but its damage extends to other viewerships as well.[n 7] And when all is said and done and it comes down to the polls, Fox's messaging can sway an electorate one way or the other.[77][78][79][80]
  7. It's not going to change. And why would it? Fox is massive money maker,[81][82] with loyal viewership that guarantees it against outside influence.[83][84] As far as Fox is concerned, this is a winning formula.


Notes

  1. ^ There's an amusing Twitter account by the name of BadFoxGraphics that documents these and other mishaps on a daily basis.[23] It's not an RS in its own right, but everything can be verified.
  2. ^ Notice how this "correction" walks back from a specific defamatory claim while still insinuating it is true.[29]
  3. ^ This is an interesting example where the website dropped a real story because it didn't draw enough traffic and wasn't profitable.[32]
  4. ^ Pudzer was interviewed by Bill Hemmer and Sandra Smith of America's Newsroom. His ties to Trump were not disclosed, and his views were left unchallenged.
  5. ^ In a correlational study of the belief in the "death panel" myth researchers made the interesting observation that "rather than polarize perceptions as predicted, Fox News exposure contributed to a mainstreaming of (mistaken) beliefs."[46]
  6. ^ Some, like this tongue-in-cheek example,[58] name specific reporters they deem credible - usually the same 3-5 names - while still excoriating the network as a whole; others explicitly state that a few good reporters can't redeem a corrupt network.[59]
  7. ^ Fox's position at the top of the charts means it can tilt the coverage in many other outlets with nothing but a single, well-targeted story. For one example, see here.[76]

References

  1. ^ What does Fox News cover after a negative story about Trump?. Washington Post. 2018-04-10. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  2. ^ For Fox News, it's beginning to look a lot like 'the war on Christmas'. Washington Post. 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  3. ^ ‘You’re a moron’: Tucker Carlson clashes with Dutch historian. Washington Post. 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  4. ^ Folkenflik, David. "War news from Rivera seems off the mark". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  5. ^ Lewis, Bobby (2019-10-25). "I watched Fox News every day for 44 months – here's what I learned". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  6. ^ Mikkelson, David. "Fact Check: PETA Puts Vests on Deer". Snopes.com. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  7. ^ Mirkinson, Jack (2011-03-22). "Fox News' Jennifer Griffin Admits Error In Libya Human Shield Story". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-26. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  8. ^ Wemple, Erik. "Mistaken Fox News reporter on Baltimore shooting report: 'We don't have to worry that much about confirmation'". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  9. ^ Farhi, Paul. "Fox News apologizes for falsely reporting that Clinton faces indictment". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  10. ^ Andrews, Travis M. (2017-10-20). "Retired 'Navy SEAL' praising Trump on Fox News was a fake". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  11. ^ "The Fox "News" Lie". Media Matters for America. 2019-05-13.
  12. ^ Leek, Jeff (2012-11-26). "The statisticians at Fox News use classic and novel graphical techniques to lead with data". Simply Statistics. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  13. ^ Darcy, Oliver (2020-06-14). "Fox News publishes digitally altered and misleading images of Seattle demonstrations". CNN. Retrieved 2020-06-22.
  14. ^ Sargent, Greg (2011-03-29). "Another major blow to Fox's credibility". Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  15. ^ Adams, Guy (2010-12-17). "Leaked memos cast doubt on Fox News' claim of neutrality". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  16. ^ Darcy, Oliver (2017-10-31). "'I want to quit': Fox News employees say their network's Russia coverage was 'an embarrassment'". CNN. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  17. ^ Stelter, Brian (2019-10-12). "Why Shep Smith finally walked out of Fox News for good". CNN. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  18. ^ Allen, Terina (2019-10-12). "This Is Why Shepard Smith Ended His Career With Fox News". Forbes. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  19. ^ Cox Barrett, Liz (2007-10-25). "Fox News Fans Flames". Columbia Journalism Review.
  20. ^ Jeremy Barr [@jeremymbarr] (2019-03-29). "Bret Baier did not really challenge a single thing Rush Limbaugh said during a 7.5 minute interview on his straight-news show last night" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  21. ^ @BadFoxGraphics (2019-03-31). "It's #SundayMorning, so it's once again time to ask why Chief National Correspondent @edhenry is hosting @foxandfriends" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  22. ^ Kirell, Andrew (2017-05-09). "Fox News White House Reporter Mass-Deletes Tweets, Including Alt-Right Conspiracy Theories". Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  23. ^ "Bad Fox Graphics". Twitter (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-03. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  24. ^ Sean Hannity is pretending to be an opinion journalist. We should know. Washington Post. 2018-04-19. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  25. ^ Hudson, John (2011-04-14). "Fox News Removes Story Linking Obama to a College Suicide". The Atlantic.
  26. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (2017-02-01). "Fox News deletes false Québec shooting tweet after Canadian PM's office steps in". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  27. ^ Chang, Alvin (2017-05-18). "We tracked the Trump scandals on right-wing news sites. Here's how they covered it". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  28. ^ Raymond, Laurel (2017-06-27). "A tale of two networks: How Fox News and CNN handled recent retractions". Think Progress.
  29. ^ Boboltz a, Sara (2017-12-09). "Fox News Corrects Story Claiming Roy Moore Accuser 'Forged' Candidate's Signature". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  30. ^ a b Cohen, Michael A. (2017-12-11). "Fake news? Try Fox". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  31. ^ Ward, Bob (2018-06-07). "The Times, Fox News and Breitbart still promoting fake news about climate change". Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  32. ^ Schwartz, Jason (2018-06-19). "FoxNews.com readers put 'head in the sand' on family separations". Politico. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  33. ^ a b Rupar, Aaron (2019-03-22). "Fox News has normalized a lie about the origins of the Russia investigation". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-24. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  34. ^ Schwartz, Jason (2017-12-23). "Fox News website beefs up and 'goes a little Breitbart'". Politico. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  35. ^ "FOX NEWS FIRST: Why Trump haters shouldn't rejoice over Michael Cohen; Melania slams 'opportunist' critics". Fox News. 2018-12-13. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  36. ^ Stanford, Chris (2018-12-13). "Michael Cohen, Theresa May, China: Your Thursday Briefing". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  37. ^ Weigel, Dave (2018-12-27). "'Green New Deal' divides Democrats intent on addressing climate change". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  38. ^ Nwanevu, Osita (2019-02-12). "Mitch McConnell Tests the Green New Deal". New Yorker.
  39. ^ Relman, Eliza (2019-02-12). "Mitch McConnell will hold a Senate vote on Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's Green New Deal to force 2020 Democrats 'to go on record'". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  40. ^ Science or Spin?: Assessing the Accuracy of Cable News Coverage of Climate Science (2014) (Report). April 2014.
  41. ^ Wemple, Erik (2017-03-30). "Fox News: The bad news network". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-26. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  42. ^ Wemple, Erik (2017-10-30). The Fox News-Murdoch playbook: Discredit Mueller. Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  43. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (2018-03-14). "Fox News and Alex Jones Are Being Sued For Conspiracy Mongering". New York. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  44. ^ Psaki, Jen (2018-10-30). "Fox has a conspiracy theory problem". CNN. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  45. ^ Roberts, Hal; Faris, Robert; Benkler, Yochai (2018-11-29). "The Fox Diet". Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0005. ISBN 9780190923662.
  46. ^ Meirick, Patrick C. (March 2013). "Motivated Misperception? Party, Education, Partisan News, and Belief in "Death Panels"". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 90 (1): 39–57. doi:10.1177/1077699012468696. hdl:11244/25317. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 143686369. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  47. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (2018-04-17). "Fox News gives Sean Hannity 'full support' as critics slam him for hiding link to Trump lawyer". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  48. ^ Guild, Blair (2018-07-02). "The Fox News employees hired by Trump". CBS News. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  49. ^ Maza, Carlos (2018-11-27). "Fox News keeps breaking its own rules". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-07. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  50. ^ Inside the unprecedented partnership between Fox News and the Trump White House. PBS News Hour. 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  51. ^ Sullivan, Andrew (2010-10-26). "Should Liberals Appear On Fox News?". The Atlantic.
  52. ^ Bernstein, Jonathan (2010-10-27). "Understanding Fox News". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583.
  53. ^ Shapiro, Rebecca (2012-11-26). "WATCH: Fox News Interview Ends Abruptly After Guest Attacks Network". Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  54. ^ Nelson, Jacob L. (2019-01-23). "What is Fox News? Researchers want to know". Columbia Journalism Review.
  55. ^ Mayer, Jane (2019-03-04). "The Making of the Fox News White House". New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.
  56. ^ Jay Rosen [@jayrosen_nyu] (2019-03-04). "We have to state it from both sides. There's been a merger between Fox News and the Trump government" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
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  84. ^ Farhi, Paul (2018-12-19). "Tucker Carlson is losing advertisers left and right. But Fox's bottom line doesn't suffer". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-20. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
Extracts and expert quotes

Stuff only Fox does

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Things you see across Fox (including its news division and website) that you don't see anywhere else. Claiming "others do it too" is perfectly legitimate, but please support it with evidence if you do:

  1. Network regularly engages in coverage bias[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
  2. Network regularly spreads conspiracy theories[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
  3. Shows repeatedly deny scientific consensus without justification[19][20][21][22][23][24]
  4. Shows repeatedly present misleading graphics[25][26]
  5. Anchors repeatedly present inflammatory or defamatory claims with no context, verification or request for comments; and when they retract the claim they often do so hastily, without apology or correction[27][28][29][30][31][32]
  6. Network coordinates with the White House, with more than a dozen high ranking employees moving from one to the other[33][34]
  7. Networks mixes advocacy with legitimate journalism in a manner that's indistinguishable to the casual observer[35][36]
  8. Anchors substitute for hosts in questionable shows[37][38]
  9. Reporters enable hosts who spread misinformation[39][40]
  10. Reporters fail to challenge questionable and/or partisan sources[41][42]
  11. Hosts refuse to allow criticism on their shows[43][44]
  12. Network backs hosts who committed egregious violations of journalistic ethics[45]
  13. Hosts regularly campaign with party nominees[46]
  14. Head of News lies on air and pushes bias in reporting - and gets promoted[20][47]
  15. Website downgrades front page stories because of traffic considerations[48]
  16. Website "goes a little Breitbart"[49][50]
  17. Network viewers end up being less informed than viewers of other networks, and even of non-viewers[51][19][52][21][53]

What do the experts say?

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  • 187 signatories of the Professors of Journalism open letter to Fox Corporation Chairman Rupert Murdoch: "Fox News has violated elementary canons of journalism. In so doing, it has contributed to the spread of a grave pandemic."[54]
  • A. J. Bauer, Visiting Assistant Professor of Media, Culture, and Communication at NYU, contrasts “esteemed outlets like the New York Times” with “an outlet (Fox) with dubious ethical standards and loose commitments to empirical reality.”[55]
  • Yochai Benkler, Law Professor at Harvard Law School and co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University: “Fox’s most important role since the election has been to keep Trump supporters in line,” offering narratives of the "deep state", "immigrant invastion" and "the media as the enemy of the people".[56] On the supposed "symmetric polarization" in media, Benkler says: “It’s not the right versus the left, it’s the right versus the rest.”[56]
  • Christopher Browning, Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: “In Trump’s presidency, [propaganda has] effectively been privatized in the form of Fox News... Fox faithfully trumpets the “alternative facts” of the Trump version of events, and in turn Trump frequently finds inspiration for his tweets and fantasy-filled statements from his daily monitoring of Fox commentators and his late-night phone calls with Hannity. The result is the creation of a "Trump bubble" for his base to inhabit that is unrecognizable to viewers of PBS, CNN, and MSNBC and readers of The Washington Post and The New York Times.”[57]
  • Lauren Feldman, Associate Professor of Journalism and Media Studies at Rutgers University: “While MSNBC is certainly partisan and traffics in outrage and opinion, its reporting—even on its prime-time talk shows—has a much clearer relationship with facts than does coverage on Fox.”[55]
  • Andy Guess, Assistant Professor of Politics and Public affairs at Princeton University: “There’s no doubt that primetime hosts on Fox News are increasingly comfortable trafficking in conspiracy theories and open appeals to nativism, which is a major difference from its liberal counterparts.”[55]
  • Nicole Hemmer, Assistant Professor of Presidential Studies at the University of Virginia: “It’s the closest we’ve come to having state TV... Fox is not just taking the temperature of the base—it’s raising the temperature. It’s a radicalization model. [For both Trump and Fox] fear is a business strategy—it keeps people watching.”[56]
  • Daniel Kreiss, Associate Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's School of Media and Journalism: “Fox’s appeal lies in the network’s willingness to explicitly entwine reporting and opinion in the service of Republican, and white identity.”[58]
  • Patrick C. Meirick, director of the Political Communication Center at the University of Oklahoma, states in a study of the "death panel" myth that “...rather than polarize perceptions as predicted, Fox News exposure contributed to a mainstreaming of (mistaken) beliefs.”[12]
  • Reece Peck, Assistant Professor at the College of Staten Island - City University of New York, characterizes Fox as political, "comedically ridiculous" and "unprofessional".[55]
  • Joe Peyronnin, Associate Professor of Journalism, Media Studies, and Public Relations at Hofstra University: “I’ve never seen anything like it before... It’s as if the President had his own press organization. It’s not healthy.”[56] “No news channel reported on Obama being from Kenya more than Fox, and not being an American. No news channel more went after Obama’s transcript from Harvard or Occidental College. Part of mobilizing a voting populace is to scare the hell out of them... I heard things on Fox that I would never hear on any other channel.”[59]
  • Jay Rosen, Associate Professor of Journalism at NYU and former member of the Wikimedia Foundation Advisory Board: “We have to state it from both sides. There's been a merger between Fox News and the Trump government. The two objects have become one. It's true that Fox is a propaganda network. But it's also true that the Trump government is a cable channel. With nukes.”[60]
  • Steven White, Assistant Prof. of Political Science at Syracuse University: “Political scientists are generally not massive Fox News fans, but in our efforts to come across as relatively unbiased, I actually think we downplay the extent to which it is a force for the absolute worst impulses of racism, illiberalism, and extremism in American society.”[61]
  • Jen Psaki, former White House Communications Director: “The peddling of dangerous conspiracy theories is not just a Chris Farrell or a Lou Dobbs problem. This is a Fox in the age of President Donald Trump problem... And it is one that could not only do lasting damage to the legitimacy of media in the US, but could also spur more anger, division and even violence in the short term.”[16]
  • Blair Levin, Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and former FCC chief of staff: “Fox’s great insight wasn’t necessarily that there was a great desire for a conservative point of view... The genius was seeing that there’s an attraction to fear-based, anger-based politics that has to do with class and race... Fox News’ fundamental business model is driving fear.”[56]
  • Jerry Taylor, President of the Niskanen Center: “In a hypothetical world without Fox News, if President Trump were to be hit hard by the Mueller report, it would be the end of him. But, with Fox News covering his back with the Republican base, he has a fighting chance, because he has something no other President in American history has ever had at his disposal—a servile propaganda operation.”[56]
  • Carl Cameron, former Fox News Chief Political Correspondent: “Fox News' 24 hour news wheel is down to really the Bret Baier show... Most of the rest is predominantly talk [that is] predominantly supportive of a president who is violating all kinds of American values, laws, rules, precedents, etc., etc., and the American people need to hear that... otherwise, it's just propaganda...”[62]
  • Alisyn Camerota, former Fox News host: “When I worked at Fox, sharia law was one of their favorite bogeymen. Roger Ailes was very exercised about sharia law, and so we did a lot of segments on sharia law. None of them were fact-based or they didn’t – there was no emphasis on them being fact based.”[59]
  • Bill Kristol, former editor of The Weekly Standard: “It’s changed a lot. Before, it was conservative, but it wasn’t crazy. Now it’s just propaganda.”[56]
  • Ralph Peters, former Fox News analyst: “In my view, Fox has degenerated from providing a legitimate and much-needed outlet for conservative voices to a mere propaganda machine for a destructive and ethically ruinous administration...[Fox News anchors] dismiss facts and empirical reality to launch profoundly dishonest assaults on the F.B.I., the Justice Department, the courts, the intelligence community (in which I served) and, not least, a model public servant and genuine war hero such as Robert Mueller.”[63]
  • Simon Rosenberg, former Fox News commentator: “It was always clear that this wasn’t just another news organization, but when Ailes departed, and Trump was elected, the network changed. They became more combative, and started treating me like an enemy, not an opponent... It’s as if the on-air talent at Fox now have two masters—the White House and the audience. [Because of this] Fox is no longer conservative—it’s anti-democratic.”[56]
  • Jennifer Rubin, political commentator at the Washington Post: “[Fox is] simply a mouthpiece for the President, repeating what the President says, no matter how false or contradictory.”[56]
  • Greg Sargent, political commentator at the Washington Post: “Fox News is fundamentally in the business of spreading disinformation, as opposed to conservative reportage.”[64]
  • Andrew Sullivan, political commentator at The Atlantic: “The point is surely that the only "liberals" allowed on Fox News are the ones designed to buttress the "conservative" worldview... Just as important [and] what's needed on Fox - and what you'll never see - is solid conservative attacks on and critiques of other conservatives, on matters of principle or policy. That's the difference between an opinion channel and a propaganda channel.”[65]
  • Margaret Sullivan, media columnist at the Washington Post: “Everyone ought to see [Fox News] for what it is: Not a normal news organization with inevitable screw-ups, flaws and commercial interests, which sometimes fail to serve the public interest. But a shameless propaganda outfit, which makes billions of dollars a year as it chips away at the core democratic values we ought to hold dear: truth, accountability and the rule of law.”[66]
  • Julie Roginsky, Democratic strategist and former Fox News contributor: “I think there are business interests the Murdochs (who own Fox News. -FR) have... [and] being on the side of the President - helping the President - helps their business interests. I think that's a business decision that they've made.”[62]
  • Charlie Black, conservative lobbyist: “I know Roger Ailes was reviled, but he did produce debates of both sides. Now Fox is just Trump, Trump, Trump.”[56]

Stuff that you can play with yourself

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[2] [4]


References

  1. ^ Summers, Nick (2012-03-21). "Fox News Coverage of the Trayvon Martin Case Criticized". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  2. ^ a b Smart, Charlie (January 2018). "The Differences in How CNN, MSNBC, and FOX Cover the News". The Pudding. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  3. ^ What does Fox News cover after a negative story about Trump?. Washington Post. 2018-04-10. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  4. ^ a b Chang, Alvin (2018-05-30). "The stories Fox News covers obsessively — and those it ignores — in charts". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  5. ^ Chang, Alvin (2018-06-08). "Scott Pruitt is mired in scandals — but you wouldn't know it from watching Fox News". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  6. ^ Relman, Eliza (2018-08-21). "Fox News slammed for covering the killing of a college student more prominently than the convictions of 2 top Trump aides". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  7. ^ Bump, Philip (2018-11-09). "The caravan has all but vanished from cable news". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  8. ^ Stewart, Emily (2018-11-26). "Fox News wants you to be very afraid of what's happening at the border". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  9. ^ Roeder, Oliver (2018-12-19). "How Cable News Covered Mueller In 2018". FiveThirtyEight. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  10. ^ Bump, Philip (2018-12-21). "This wall debate is what happens when the only voices you hear agree with you". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  11. ^ Smith, David (2019-04-12). "Fox mentions Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez for 42 days running – 3,181 times". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  12. ^ a b Meirick, Patrick C. (March 2013). "Motivated Misperception? Party, Education, Partisan News, and Belief in "Death Panels"". Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly. 90 (1): 39–57. doi:10.1177/1077699012468696. hdl:11244/25317. ISSN 1077-6990. S2CID 143686369. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  13. ^ Wemple, Erik (2017-03-30). "Fox News: The bad news network". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-26. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  14. ^ Wemple, Erik (2017-10-30). The Fox News-Murdoch playbook: Discredit Mueller. Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  15. ^ Raymond, Adam K. (2018-03-14). "Fox News and Alex Jones Are Being Sued For Conspiracy Mongering". New York. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  16. ^ a b Psaki, Jen (2018-10-30). "Fox has a conspiracy theory problem". CNN. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  17. ^ Roberts, Hal; Faris, Robert; Benkler, Yochai (2018-11-29). "The Fox Diet". Network Propaganda: Manipulation, Disinformation, and Radicalization in American Politics. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oso/9780190923624.003.0005. ISBN 9780190923662.
  18. ^ Rupar, Aaron (2019-03-22). "Fox News has normalized a lie about the origins of the Russia investigation". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-24. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  19. ^ a b Krosnick, Jon A.; MacInnis, Bo (2010). "Frequent viewers of Fox News are less likely to accept scientists' views of global warming" (PDF). Report for the Woods Institute for the Environment. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 1, 2020. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  20. ^ a b Adams, Guy (2010-12-17). "Leaked memos cast doubt on Fox News' claim of neutrality". The Independent. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  21. ^ a b Feldman, Lauren; Maibach, Edward W.; Roser-Renouf, Connie; Leiserowitz, Anthony (January 2012). "Climate on Cable: The Nature and Impact of Global Warming Coverage on Fox News, CNN, and MSNBC". The International Journal of Press/Politics. 17 (1): 3–31. doi:10.1177/1940161211425410. ISSN 1940-1612. S2CID 53482752. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  22. ^ Michael Mann gives several examples of this, as well as noting that News Corp, the parent company of Fox News, is "the parent company of several of the British tabloids, Fox News, and the Wall Street Journal that were most active in promoting the climategate charges": Mann, Michael E. (2012). The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars: Dispatches from the Front Lines. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231526388. OCLC 785782088.
  23. ^ Science or Spin?: Assessing the Accuracy of Cable News Coverage of Climate Science (2014) (Report). April 2014.
  24. ^ Ward, Bob (2018-06-07). "The Times, Fox News and Breitbart still promoting fake news about climate change". Grantham Research Institute on climate change and the environment. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  25. ^ Leek, Jeff (2012-11-26). "The statisticians at Fox News use classic and novel graphical techniques to lead with data". Simply Statistics. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  26. ^ Cite error: The named reference CNN 2020-06-14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  27. ^ BTW, the "employee" they sent on the tour wasn't a trained reporter, but a security guy with camera: Mirkinson, Jack (2011-03-22). "Fox News' Jennifer Griffin Admits Error In Libya Human Shield Story". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-26. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  28. ^ Hudson, John (2011-04-14). "Fox News Removes Story Linking Obama to a College Suicide". The Atlantic.
  29. ^ Here they (rightly) apologized, but notice how reckless they were to begin with: this is a huge election season story, and they reported it based on just one source: Farhi, Paul. "Fox News apologizes for falsely reporting that Clinton faces indictment". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  30. ^ Kassam, Ashifa (2017-02-01). "Fox News deletes false Québec shooting tweet after Canadian PM's office steps in". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  31. ^ Raymond, Laurel (2017-06-27). "A tale of two networks: How Fox News and CNN handled recent retractions". Think Progress.
  32. ^ Notice the way they "correct" the story, still suggesting something is wrong with the signature: Boboltz a, Sara (2017-12-09). "Fox News Corrects Story Claiming Roy Moore Accuser 'Forged' Candidate's Signature". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  33. ^ Guild, Blair (2018-07-02). "The Fox News employees hired by Trump". CBS News. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  34. ^ Inside the unprecedented partnership between Fox News and the Trump White House. PBS News Hour. 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  35. ^ Sean Hannity is pretending to be an opinion journalist. We should know. Washington Post. 2018-04-19. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  36. ^ This is an innocent-looking piece, but notice the embedded videos: Quinn, Liam (2019-02-14). "Dems divided on Green New Deal after Mitch McConnell ramps up pressure". Fox News. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  37. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lewis 2019 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  38. ^ This is just one example, but Ed Henry is virtually a fixture on "Fox & Friends": @BadFoxGraphics (2019-03-31). "It's #SundayMorning, so it's once again time to ask why Chief National Correspondent @edhenry is hosting @foxandfriends" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ^ Cox Barrett, Liz (2007-10-25). "Fox News Fans Flames". Columbia Journalism Review.
  40. ^ Kirell, Andrew (2017-05-09). "Fox News White House Reporter Mass-Deletes Tweets, Including Alt-Right Conspiracy Theories". Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  41. ^ This is Andrew Pudzer, former Trump cabinet nominee that was forced to withdraw his nomination after several scandals came to light. Not only is Pudzer's political affiliation hidden from the viewers, but his positions aren't challenged even once: Are Americans on board with new socialist policy proposals like the 'Green New Deal?'. Fox News. 2019-02-14. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  42. ^ Jeremy Barr [@jeremymbarr] (2019-03-29). "Bret Baier did not really challenge a single thing Rush Limbaugh said during a 7.5 minute interview on his straight-news show last night" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  43. ^ Shapiro, Rebecca (2012-11-26). "WATCH: Fox News Interview Ends Abruptly After Guest Attacks Network". Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-02. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  44. ^ ‘You’re a moron’: Tucker Carlson clashes with Dutch historian. Washington Post. 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  45. ^ Breuninger, Kevin (2018-04-17). "Fox News gives Sean Hannity 'full support' as critics slam him for hiding link to Trump lawyer". CNBC. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  46. ^ Maza, Carlos (2018-11-27). "Fox News keeps breaking its own rules". Vox. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-04-07. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  47. ^ Sargent, Greg (2011-03-29). "Another major blow to Fox's credibility". Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  48. ^ Schwartz, Jason (2018-06-19). "FoxNews.com readers put 'head in the sand' on family separations". Politico. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  49. ^ Schwartz, Jason (2017-12-23). "Fox News website beefs up and 'goes a little Breitbart'". Politico. Retrieved 2019-03-08.
  50. ^ This is an example of their daily newsletter. You'll notice a "Daily Mail" vibe throughout:"FOX NEWS FIRST: Why Trump haters shouldn't rejoice over Michael Cohen; Melania slams 'opportunist' critics". Fox News. 2018-12-13. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help) Compare with NYT's newsletter of the same day: Stanford, Chris (2018-12-13). "Michael Cohen, Theresa May, China: Your Thursday Briefing". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  51. ^ Kull, Steven; Ramsay, Clay; Lewis, Evan (2003). "Misperceptions, the Media, and the Iraq War". Political Science Quarterly. 118 (4): 569–598. doi:10.1002/j.1538-165X.2003.tb00406.x. hdl:2027/uc1.31822024771362. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 30035697. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. {{cite journal}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  52. ^ Stelter, Brian (2010-12-17). "Study: Some Viewers Were Misinformed by TV News". New York Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  53. ^ Kelley, Michael B. (2012-05-22). "Study: Watching Only Fox News Makes You Less Informed Than Watching No News At All". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  54. ^ "Open Letter to the Murdochs". Medium. 2020-04-09. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  55. ^ a b c d Nelson, Jacob L. (2019-01-23). "What is Fox News? Researchers want to know". Columbia Journalism Review.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mayer, Jane (2019-03-04). "The Making of the Fox News White House". New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X.
  57. ^ Browning, Christopher R. (2018-10-25). "The Suffocation of Democracy". New York Review of Books. ISSN 0028-7504. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)
  58. ^ Kreiss, Daniel (2018-03-16). "The Media Are about Identity, Not Information". In Boczkowski, Pablo J.; Papacharissi, Zizi (eds.). Trump and the media. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 9780262037969. OCLC 1022982253.
  59. ^ a b Siddiqui, Sabrina (2019-03-19). "Fox News: how an anti-Obama fringe set the stage for Trump". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  60. ^ Jay Rosen [@jayrosen_nyu] (2019-03-04). "We have to state it from both sides. There's been a merger between Fox News and the Trump government" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  61. ^ Steven White [@notstevenwhite] (2018-10-28). "Political scientists are generally not massive Fox News fans..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  62. ^ a b Jensen, Erin (2019-10-14). "Fox News alum Carl Cameron worried Shepard Smith's exit could turn channel into 'propaganda'". USA Today. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  63. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (2018-03-20). "Fox News Analyst Quits, Calling Network a 'Propaganda Machine'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  64. ^ Sargent, Greg (2018-03-06). "In stiff-arming Fox News, Democrats get one big thing right". Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  65. ^ Sullivan, Andrew (2010-10-26). "Should Liberals Appear On Fox News?". The Atlantic.
  66. ^ Sullivan, Margaret (2019-03-07). "It's time — high time — to take Fox News's destructive role in America seriously". Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved 2019-03-08. {{cite news}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; December 31, 2030 suggested (help)