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Italy
Italia (Italian)
Satellite image of Italy
Map
Geography
LocationEurope
Coordinates42°N 12°E / 42°N 12°E / 42; 12
Adjacent toMediterranean Sea     
Largest cityRome
Area322,470 km2 (124,510 sq mi)
Highest elevation4,808 m (15,774 ft)
Highest pointMont Blanc
Administration
Status
Divided among eight sovereign states
Whole territory
Whole territory
Whole territory
Whole territory
Demographics
DemonymItalian
Populationc. 60,000,000
Pop. density186/km2 (482/sq mi)
LanguagesOfficial:
Italian, Maltese, German, French, Slovene, Croatian
Ethnic groups92.0% Italians
0.6% Germans
0.5% Slovenes
0.4% Croats
0.2% French
6.3% Other
Additional information
Time zone
Religions95.0% Christianity
3.4% Islam
0.1% Judaism
1.5% Other
This page is about the social geographical features of Italy. For the modern-day polity, see Italian Republic. For other uses, see Italy (disambiguation).

Italy (Italian: Italia) is a nation in Europe. Its territory consists of the Italian Peninsula, delimited by the Alps to the north and by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and of all of the surrounding and related islands, among which are the three largest of Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica.[1]

The nation is governed separately by eight states, of which only four include an Italian population majority: the Italian Republic, the Republic of San Marino, the Vatican City State, the Republic of Malta, the French Republic, the Swiss Confederation, the Republic of Slovenia, and the Republic of Croatia. Italy has a population of circa 60 million people, of which 55 million are citizens of states ruling part of the territory. With an area of circa 322,000 square kilometers (124,300 sq mi) it has a population density of around 186 inhabitants per square kilometer (480/sq mi). The largest city is Rome, with 2.9 million residents.[2]

Italy has been for millennia the focus of Western civilization and culture. In legal studies, Roman law forms the ground for several juridical orders. Religiously, Christianity has been the main creed since the end of the Classical period—the Catholic Church holds its headquarters in Vatican City, an enclaved independent city-state in Rome. Italians mantain a set of distinctive characters of Italian culture, concerning interest regarding food, fashion, architecture, art, and music, scattered around the world through the Italian diaspora (1860s–1920s).

History

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Main article: History of Italy

Classical period

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The current sociological extent of Italy came into existence during the process of expansion of the Roman Republic in the region, spanning six centuries, from the 3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. Initially, Italy, as originally defined by the Greeks, geographically identified only the southern part of the region, know as Magna Graecia, in which Hellenic civilization flourished starting from the 8th century BC.

With the consolidation of Roman rule over the peninsula (275 BC) and over the surrounding islands (237 BC), as results of the Pyrrhic and Punic Wars, the territory

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Modern period

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Contemporary period

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Historical maps of Italy
  •  
    Timeline of the expansion of Italy (500 BC–292)
  •  
    Ancient map of Italy with Roman regions (7 AD)
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    Historical map with pre-World War I borders (1904)

Physical geography

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Land boundaries of Italy (in red), with drainage basins of rivers
Main article: Italian geographical region

Il bel paese
ch'Appennin parte e 'l mar circonda et l'Alpe.

That fair country
the Apennines divide, and Alps and sea surround.

— Petrarch

Continental part

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Peninsular part

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Insular part

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Sicily

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Sardinia

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Corsica

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List of island by area

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See also: List of islands in the Mediterranean

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Island Area Sea
km2 sq mi
Sicily 25,460 9,830 Mediterranean, Ionian
Sardinia 24,090 9,300 Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian
Corsica 8,681 3,352 Mediterranean, Tyrrhenian
Cres 406 157 Adriatic
Malta 246 95 Mediterranean
Elba 223 86 Tyrrhenian
Sant'Antioco 109 42 Mediterranean
Pantelleria 83 32 Mediterranean
Lošinj[a] 74 29 Adriatic
Gozo 64 25 Mediterranean
Asinara 51 20 Mediterranean
San Pietro 51 20 Mediterranean

Bodies of water

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Political geography

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See also: Italian irredentism

Dall'Alpi a Sicilia, dovunque è Legnano.

From the Alps to Sicily, Legnano is everywhere.

— Il Canto degli Italiani

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Italian territory by sovereign state
Italian Republic
— Whole territory — 		Republic of San Marino
— Whole territory — 		Vatican City State
— Whole territory — 		Republic of Malta
— Whole territory —
View of Rome
  • Population: 60,317,116
  • Area: 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 201/km2 (520/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Rome
  • Official language: Italian
View of San Marino
  • Population: 33,600
  • Area: 61 km2 (24 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 520/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: San Marino
  • Official language: Italian
View of the Vatican
  • Population: 453
  • Area: 0.49 km2 (0.19 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 924/km2 (2,390/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Vatican
  • Official language: Italian
View of Valletta
  • Population: 514,564
  • Area: 316 km2 (122 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 1,633/km2 (4,230/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Valletta
  • Official language: Maltese, English
French Republic
— Corsica — 		Swiss Confederation
— Ticino, Grisons — 		Republic of Slovenia
— Littoral — 		Republic of Croatia
— Istria —
View of Ajaccio
  • Population: 338,550
  • Area: 8,722 km2 (3,368 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 39/km2 (100/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Ajaccio
  • Official language: French
View of Lugano
  • Population: 368,082
  • Area: 3,797 km2 (1,466 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 97/km2 (250/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Lugano
  • Official language: Italian
View of Koper
  • Population: c. 0
  • Area: 0 km2 (0 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 0/km2 (0/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Koper
  • Official language: Slovene
View of Pula
  • Population: c. 0
  • Area: 0 km2 (0 sq mi)
  • Pop. density: 0/km2 (0/sq mi)
  • Largest settlement: Pula
  • Official language: Croatian


Demography

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Main article: Italians
 
Collection of Italian people portraits

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Nationality

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Natives

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Oriundi

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Languages

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Religions

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Culture

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Main article: Culture of Italy

Pagan period

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Christian period

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Notes

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ L'appartenenza o meno delle isole di Cherso, Lussino e Veglia alla regione geografica italiana varia a seconda delle fonti. In particolare taluni vedono le prime due come continuazione naturale della penisola istriana, essendo tra l'altro Cherso e Lussino più vicine alla costa istriana che a quella dalmata, a differenza di Veglia. Inoltre varie isole minori mostrano una continuità tra Veglia e Arbe, isola nettamente dalmata.[translation needed]

References

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  1. ^ De Agostini Ed., L'Enciclopedia Geografica. Vol.I: Italia, 2004, p. 78.
  2. ^ La Popolazione di Roma. Comune di Roma (in Italian). Published June 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
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