Kadero edit
Location | Sudan |
---|---|
Coordinates | 15°45′N 32°33′E / 15.75°N 32.55°E |
History | |
Associated with | Neolithic pastoralists |
Site notes | |
Archaeologists | Lech Krzyzaniak |
Kadero is an archaeological site located in Central Sudan, northeast of Khartoum, Sudan and east of the Nile River. [1][2] The site consists of burial grounds and two sand mounds around 1.5 meters in elevation, altogether encompassing around three hectares. [2][3] Kadero was occupied during the Neolithic period, dating to around 5960 and 5030 B.P.. [3]
Context edit
Kadero is one of thousands of Neolithic sites in Sudan, which are mostly concentrated near the Nile River. [4]
Human settlement at Kadero was at its highest during the early Neolithic Period, but the area was used as a burial site and a seasonal settlement up to the Late Neolithic. [2]
The economy of the people at Kadero was likely one of pastoralism, more specifically cattle husbandry, and gathering. [2]
Kadero may have served as a home base for peoples that inhabited a larger area, moving to sites such as Zakiab during dry seasons. [4]
Artifacts at Kadero edit
The two sand mounds, referred to as the northern and southern middens, contain much of Kadero's artifacts. [2]
Human remains edit
248 graves have been found at Kadero, 218 of them dating to the Neolithic period and the rest dating to the Meriotic and Post-Meriotic. [2] Out of the 218 Neolithic graves, only 2 date to the Late Neolithic. [2].
This constricted, tightened positioning was most drastic within Neolithic skeletons but was present throughout the site. [3]
Pottery edit
Musical Instruments edit
Jewelry edit
Lithic/Stone Implements edit
Faunal Remains edit
Interpretations edit
Archaeologists are relatively certain that the populations who lived and were buried at Kadero are not analogous to peoples living in the area today. [3] Morphological studies of the skeletons show similarities with peoples from more equatorial areas of Africa, suggesting that the peoples at Kadero moved south.
References edit
Armelagos, George & Greene, David. (1978). On the Interpretation of the Kadero (Sudan) Neolithic Population. Current Anthropology, 19. 10.1086/202106.
Barakat, H. N. (1995). Middle Holocene vegetation and human impact in central Sudan: charcoal from the neolithic site at Kadero. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 4(2), 101–108. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23417550
Chłodnicki, Marek, and Karla Kroeper. Kadero: The Lech Krzyźaniak Excavations in the Sudan. Poznań Archaeological Museum, 2011.
Dzierzykray-Rogalski, T. (1977). Neolithic Skeletons From Kadero, Sudan. Current Anthropology, 18(3), 585–586. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741436
Dzierzykray-Rogalski, T., & Krzyzaniak, L. (1978). More on the Kadero Neolithic Human Remains. Current Anthropology, 19(3), 634–636. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741801
Garcea, E. A. A. (2020). The prehistory of the sudan. ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com
Gautier, A. (2007). The faunal remains of the Early Neolithic site Kadero, Central Sudan. In K. Kroeper, M. Chłodnicki, M. Kobusiewicz, & L. Kryżaniak (Eds.), Studies in African Archaeology (Vol. 9, pp. 113–117). Presented at the International symposium on Archaeology of early Northeastern Africa : in memory of Lech Krzyżaniak, Poznań, Poland: Poznań Archaeological Museum.
Haaland, R. (1987). Socio-economic differentiation in the Neolithic Sudan . B.A.R.
Krzyzaniak, L. (1976). The Archaeological Site of Kadero, Sudan. Current Anthropology, 17(4), 762–762. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2741286
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Category:Archaeological sites in Sudan Category:Neolithic sites Category:Archaeology of death
- ^ Krzyzaniak, Lech (1976). "The Archaeological Site of Kadero, Sudan". Current Anthropology. 17 (4): 762–762. ISSN 0011-3204.
- ^ a b c d e f g HerausgeberIn., Chłodnicki, Marek, HerausgeberIn. Kobusiewicz, Michał HerausgeberIn. Kröper, Karla,. Kadero : the Lech Krzyżaniak excavations in the Sudan. ISBN 978-3-946654-27-8. OCLC 958023023.
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: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Barakat, HalaNayel (1995). "Middle Holocene vegetation and human impact in central Sudan: charcoal from the neolithic site at Kadero". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 4 (2). doi:10.1007/bf00206918. ISSN 0939-6314. Cite error: The named reference ":1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b Garcea, Elena. The Prehistory of the Sudan. ISBN 3-030-47185-3. OCLC 1237448434.