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VEI	Volcano	Country	Date	Casualties	Notes
7	Iwo Jima	Japan	February 7, 2022	48,000	The largest and deadliest volcanic eruption of the 21st century and the second-largest and second-deadliest volcanic eruption in recorded history.

Top 10 Largest Known Stars

**Top 10 Largest Known Stars**
Rank	Star name	Solar radii (Sun = 1)	Method^[a]
1.	Stephenson 2-18	2,150^[1]	L/T_eff
2.	VY Canis Majoris	2,069^[2]^[3]	L/T_eff
3.	WY Velorum A	2,028^[4]	AD
4.	RX Telescopii	1,898^[4]	AD
5.	V538 Carinae	1,886^[4]	AD
6.	LGGS J004520.67+414717.3	1,870^[5]	L/T_eff
7.	LGGS J004539.99+415404.1	1,792^[6]	L/T_eff
8.	WOH S274	1,724^[6]	L/T_eff
9.	UY Scuti	1,708 ± 192^[7]	AD
10.	WOH S71	1,662^[8]	L/T_eff

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ Fok, Thomas K. T; Nakashima, Jun-ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). "Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 760 (1): 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65. S2CID 53393926.
^ Neufeld, David A.; Menten, Karl M.; Durán, Carlos; Güsten, Rolf; Kaufman, Michael J.; Kraus, Alex; Mazumdar, Parichay; Melnick, Gary J.; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela; Wiesemeyer, Helmut; Wyrowski, Friedrich (2020-11-03). "Terahertz Water Masers: II. Further SOFIA/GREAT Detections toward Circumstellar Outflows, and a Multitransition Analysis". arXiv:2011.01807 [astro-ph]. arXiv:2011.01807.
^ Matsuura, Mikako; Yates, J. A.; Barlow, M. J.; Swinyard, B. M.; Royer, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Decin, L.; Wesson, R.; Polehampton, E. T.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.; Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2013-10-30). "Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations of the red supergiant VY CMa: analysis of the molecular line spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): 532–546. arXiv:1310.2947. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 53393704.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c Cruzalèbes, P.; Petrov, R. G.; Robbe-Dubois, S.; Varga, J.; Burtscher, L.; Allouche, F.; Berio, P.; Hofmann, K. H.; Hron, J.; Jaffe, W.; Lagarde, S.; Lopez, B.; Matter, A.; Meilland, A.; Meisenheimer, K.; Millour, F.; Schertl, D. (2019). "A catalogue of stellar diameters and fluxes for mid-infrared interferometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 490 (3): 3158–3176. arXiv:1910.00542. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.490.3158C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2803. S2CID 203610229.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ Massey, Philip; Evans, Kate Anne (2016). "The Red Supergiant Content of M31". The Astrophysical Journal. 826 (2): 224. arXiv:1605.07900. Bibcode:2016ApJ...826..224M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/224. S2CID 27871527.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
^ ^a ^b Ren, Yi; Jiang, Bi-Wei (2020-07-20). "On the Granulation and Irregular Variation of Red Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): 24. arXiv:2006.06605. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898...24R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9c17. ISSN 1538-4357.
^ Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (6 June 2013). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 554: A76. arXiv:1305.6179. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..76A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920.
^ Steven R. Goldman; Jacco Th. van Loon (2016). "The wind speeds, dust content, and mass-loss rates of evolved AGB and RSG stars at varying metallicity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (1): 403–433. arXiv:1610.05761. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.465..403G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2708. S2CID 11352637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[thomas-2] Fok, Thomas K. T; Nakashima, Jun-ichi; Yung, Bosco H. K; Hsia, Chih-Hao; Deguchi, Shuji (2012). "Maser Observations of Westerlund 1 and Comprehensive Considerations on Maser Properties of Red Supergiants Associated with Massive Clusters". The Astrophysical Journal. 760 (1): 65. arXiv:1209.6427. Bibcode:2012ApJ...760...65F. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/65. S2CID 53393926.

[neufeld-3] Neufeld, David A.; Menten, Karl M.; Durán, Carlos; Güsten, Rolf; Kaufman, Michael J.; Kraus, Alex; Mazumdar, Parichay; Melnick, Gary J.; Ortiz-Leon, Gisela; Wiesemeyer, Helmut; Wyrowski, Friedrich (2020-11-03). "Terahertz Water Masers: II. Further SOFIA/GREAT Detections toward Circumstellar Outflows, and a Multitransition Analysis". arXiv:2011.01807 [astro-ph]. arXiv:2011.01807.

[matsuura2014-4] Matsuura, Mikako; Yates, J. A.; Barlow, M. J.; Swinyard, B. M.; Royer, P.; Cernicharo, J.; Decin, L.; Wesson, R.; Polehampton, E. T.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.; Groenewegen, M. A. T. (2013-10-30). "Herschel SPIRE and PACS observations of the red supergiant VY CMa: analysis of the molecular line spectra". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 437 (1): 532–546. arXiv:1310.2947. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1906. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 53393704.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[cruzalebes-5] Cruzalèbes, P.; Petrov, R. G.; Robbe-Dubois, S.; Varga, J.; Burtscher, L.; Allouche, F.; Berio, P.; Hofmann, K. H.; Hron, J.; Jaffe, W.; Lagarde, S.; Lopez, B.; Matter, A.; Meilland, A.; Meisenheimer, K.; Millour, F.; Schertl, D. (2019). "A catalogue of stellar diameters and fluxes for mid-infrared interferometry". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 490 (3): 3158–3176. arXiv:1910.00542. Bibcode:2019MNRAS.490.3158C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2803. S2CID 203610229.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[massey2016-6] Massey, Philip; Evans, Kate Anne (2016). "The Red Supergiant Content of M31". The Astrophysical Journal. 826 (2): 224. arXiv:1605.07900. Bibcode:2016ApJ...826..224M. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/224. S2CID 27871527.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

[ren-7] Ren, Yi; Jiang, Bi-Wei (2020-07-20). "On the Granulation and Irregular Variation of Red Supergiants". The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): 24. arXiv:2006.06605. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898...24R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9c17. ISSN 1538-4357.

[ArroyoTorres2013-8] Arroyo-Torres, B.; Wittkowski, M.; Marcaide, J. M.; Hauschildt, P. H. (6 June 2013). "The atmospheric structure and fundamental parameters of the red supergiants AH Scorpii, UY Scuti, and KW Sagittarii". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 554: A76. arXiv:1305.6179. Bibcode:2013A&A...554A..76A. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201220920.

[steven-9] Steven R. Goldman; Jacco Th. van Loon (2016). "The wind speeds, dust content, and mass-loss rates of evolved AGB and RSG stars at varying metallicity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (1): 403–433. arXiv:1610.05761. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.465..403G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2708. S2CID 11352637.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

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