| Contextual forms | Name | Translit. | Phonemic Value (IPA) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isolated | End | Middle | Beginning | |||
| ا | ـﺎ | ـﺎ | ا | ʾalif | ʾ / ā | various, including /aː/ |
| ﺏ | ـب | ـبـ | بـ | bāʾ | b | /b/, also /p/ in some loanwords |
| ﺕ | ـت | ـتـ | تـ | tāʾ | t | /t/ |
| ﺙ | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ | ṯāʾ | ṯ | /θ/ |
| ﺝ | ـج | ـجـ | جـ | ǧīm | ǧ (also j, g) | [ɡ~dʒ~ʒ] |
| ﺡ | ـح | ـحـ | حـ | ḥāʾ | ḥ | /ħ/ |
| ﺥ | ـخ | ـخـ | خـ | ḫāʾ | ḫ (also kh, x) | /x/ |
| ﺩ | ـد | ـد | د | dāl | d | /d/ |
| ﺫ | ـذ | ـذ | ذ | ḏāl | ḏ (also dh, ð) | /ð/ |
| ﺭ | ـر | ـر | ر | rāʾ | r | /r/ |
| ﺯ | ـز | ـز | ز | zāy | z | /z/ |
| ﺱ | ـس | ـسـ | سـ | sīn | s | /s/ |
| ﺵ | ـش | ـشـ | شـ | šīn | š (also sh) | /ʃ/ |
| ﺹ | ـص | ـصـ | صـ | ṣād | ṣ | /sˁ/ |
| ﺽ | ـض | ـضـ | ضـ | ḍād | ḍ | /dˁ/ |
| ﻁ | ـط | ـطـ | طـ | ṭāʾ | ṭ | /tˁ/ |
| ﻅ | ـظ | ـظـ | ظـ | ẓāʾ | ẓ | [ðˁ~zˁ] |
| ﻉ | ـع | ـعـ | عـ | ʿayn | ʿ | /ʕ/ |
| ﻍ | ـغ | ـغـ | غـ | ġayn | ġ (also gh) | /ɣ/ (/ɡ/ in many loanwords) |
| ف | ـف | ـفـ | فـ | fāʾ | f | /f/, also /v/ in some loanwords |
| ﻕ | ـق | ـقـ | قـ | qāf | q | /q/ |
| ﻙ | ـك | ـكـ | كـ | kāf | k | /k/ |
| ﻝ | ـل | ـلـ | لـ | lām | l | /l/, ([lˁ] in Allah only) |
| ﻡ | ـم | ـمـ | مـ | mīm | m | /m/ |
| ن | ـن | ـنـ | نـ | nūn | n | /n/ |
| ﻩ | ـه | ـهـ | هـ | hāʾ | h | /h/ |
| ﻭ | ـو | ـو | و | wāw | w / ū | /w/ / /uː/, sometimes /u/, /o/ and /oː/ in loanwords |
| ﻱ | ـي | ـيـ | يـ | yāʾ | y / ī | /j/ / /iː/, sometimes /i/, /eː/ and /e/ in loanwords |
http://india.fll.purdue.edu/streams/fll_streaming_audio/alifbaa.htm