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From today's featured article

St Oswald's Church, Winwick

The Battle of Winwick was fought on 19 August 1648 between a Scottish Royalist army and a Parliamentarian army during the Second English Civil War. The Scottish army invaded north-west England and was attacked and defeated at Preston on 17 August. The surviving Royalists fled south, closely pursued. Two days later, hungry, cold, soaking wet, exhausted and short of dry powder, they turned to fight at Winwick. Parliamentarian infantry launched a full-scale assault which resulted in more than three hours of furious but indecisive close-quarters fighting. The Parliamentarians fell back, pinned the Scots in place with their cavalry and sent their infantry on a circuitous flank march. When the Scots saw this force appear on their right flank they broke and fled. Parliamentarian cavalry pursued, killing many. The surviving Scottish infantry surrendered either at Winwick church (pictured) or in nearby Warrington; their cavalry on 24 August at Uttoxeter. Winwick was the last battle of the war. (Full article...)

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Did you know...

Tomb of Joseph Crocé-Spinelli and Théodore Sivel

... that the two victims of the Zénith balloon incident are depicted holding hands on their tomb (pictured)?
... that Lionel Haward applied an early example of offender profiling to help identify high-ranking Nazis disguised as ordinary troops?
... that the adventure game Until Then has an in-universe version of Facebook where the player can like and comment on other characters' posts?
... that Lisa M. Corrigan used the prison memoirs of black activists to show how incarceration impacted the black power movement?
... that a shipwreck in the eastern Mediterranean, dating from the Late Bronze Age, is the earliest deep-sea shipwreck to be discovered?
... that Johann Joseph Dömling suggested in 1803 that venous blood contained carbon monoxide?
... that Togo's abortion law was one of the first in Africa to allow abortion in the case of rape?
... that Dissolution Grip by KMRU uses recordings of the artist's shack being struck by strong winds?
... that, according to a local myth, a headless priest cursed León Viejo with earthquakes?

In the news

Paetongtarn Shinawatra

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Voepass Linhas Aéreas Flight 2283 crashes in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, killing all 62 people on board.
Sheikh Hasina resigns as Prime Minister of Bangladesh following anti-government protests, and Muhammad Yunus is appointed leader of an interim government.

On this day

August 19

Edward I of England

1274 – Shortly after his return from the Ninth Crusade, Edward I (pictured) was crowned King of England at Westminster Abbey, nearly two years after his father's death.
1934 – A referendum supported the recent merging of the posts of chancellor and president of Germany, consolidating Adolf Hitler's assumption of supreme power.
2002 – Second Chechen War: A Russian Mil Mi-26 was brought down by Chechen separatists with a man-portable air-defense system near Khankala, killing 127 people in the deadliest helicopter crash in history.
2017 – Around 250,000 farmed non-native Atlantic salmon were accidentally released into the wild near Cypress Island, Washington.

Edward Boscawen (b. 1711)
Gustave Caillebotte (b. 1848)
Clay Walker (b. 1969)
Donald William Kerst (d. 1993)

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From today's featured list

Karan Johar in 2018

Dharma Productions is an Indian production company established by Yash Johar in 1976. The company has produced 45 Hindi films and presented four regional language films from other companies. Their first release came in 1980 with the Raj Khosla-directed Dostana which was followed by a series of commercial failures. Karan Johar's (pictured) directorial debut Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), starring Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol, and Rani Mukerji, was highly successful and established Dharma Productions as a leading production company in India. Their subsequent releases, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003) and Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), all starring Khan, emerged as top-grossing Hindi films in overseas sales. In the late 2000s and 2010s, the company introduced the directors Ayan Mukerji, Shakun Batra and Shashank Khaitan, and the actors Sidharth Malhotra, Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt. They worked on several successful films for the company, including Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013), Kapoor & Sons (2016), Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017), and Raazi (2018). (Full list...)

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Today's featured picture

The dusky seaside sparrow (Ammospiza maritima nigrescens) was a non-migratory subspecies of the seaside sparrow, found in Florida in the natural salt marshes of Merritt Island and along the St. Johns River. Discovered in 1872 by Charles Johnson Maynard, it was distinguished from other seaside sparrows by its dark coloration and distinct song. From the 1940s onwards, the dusky seaside sparrow population declined and eventually went extinct. This was the result of human activity in the area including pesticides and flooding applied to reduce mosquito populations, industrial expansion, and highway construction. The last definite known individual died on Discovery Island in Walt Disney World in 1987, and the species was declared extinct in 1990.

Photograph credit: P. W. Sykes, United States Fish and Wildlife Service

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