- This page is strictly for me to test my markup/graphics skills prior to inserting large changes into "real" articles. Esseh 23:54, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
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| Directional term | Defined Axis | Synonyms | Axis runs... |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior | Anteroposterior | Rostrocaudal1, Craniocaudal1, Cephalocaudal2 | ...from head end to opposite end of body or tail. |
| Posterior | |||
| Dorsal | Dorsoventral | — | ...from spinal column (back) to belly (front). |
| Ventral | |||
| Left (lateral) | Left-right | Dextro-sinister2, Sinistro-dexter2 | ...from left to right sides of body. |
| Right (lateral) | |||
| Medial | Mediolateral3 | — | ...from centre of organism to one or other side. |
| Left or right (lateral) | |||
| Proximal | Proximodistal | — | ...from tip of an appendage to where it joins the body. |
| Distal | |||
| Notes: (1) Fairly common usage. (2) Uncommon usage. (3) Equivalent to one-half of the left-right axis. (The terms "intermediate", "ipsilateral", "contralateral", "superficial" and "deep", while indicating directions, are relative terms and thus do not properly define fixed anatomical axes.) | |||
| Vertebrate zootomy | Human anatomy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Direction | Synonyms | Direction | Synonyms |
| Anterior | Rostral, Cranial, Cephalic1 | Superior | Same1 |
| Posterior | Caudal | Inferior | Caudal1 |
| Dorsal | — | Posterior | Dorsal2 |
| Ventral | — | Anterior | Ventral1 |
| Left (lateral) | Sinister1 | Same | — |
| Right (lateral) | Dexter1 | Same | — |
| Medial | — | Same | — |
| Proximal | — | Same | — |
| Distal | — | Same | — |
| Intermediate3 | — | Same | — |
| Ipsilateral3 | — | Same | — |
| Contralateral3 | — | Same | — |
| Superficial3 | — | Same | — |
| Deep3 | — | Same | — |
| Notes: (1) Rarely used. (2) Used only to describe one side of an appendage. (3) Strictly relative term, used with other locational descriptors. | |||
| Bilateral Bauplans | Radial Bauplans | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Direction | Synonyms | Direction | Synonyms |
| Anterior | Rostral, Cranial, Cephalic2 | Oral | Apical3 |
| Posterior | Caudal2 | Aboral | Basal3 |
| Dorsal | — | Peripheral4,5 | — |
| Ventral | — | Peripheral4,5 | — |
| Left (lateral) | Sinister | Peripheral4,5 | — |
| Right (lateral) | Dexter | Peripheral4,5 | — |
| Medial | — | Same6 | — |
| Proximal | — | Same | — |
| Distal | — | Same | — |
| Notes: (1) Includes both Radiates and (pentaradial) adult Echinoderms. (2) Rarely used. (3) Only in organisms attached to a substrate. (4) Vertebrate equivalents are meaningless in radial animals. (5) Roughly equivalent to "superficial". (6) Roughly equivalent to "deep". | |||
| Vertebrate zootomy | Human anatomy | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Defined Axis | Synonyms | Defined Axis | Synonyms |
| Anteroposterior | Rostrocaudal1, Cranio-caudal1, Cephalocaudal2 | Superior-inferior | Craniocaudal3, Cephalocaudal3 |
| Dorsoventral | — | Anteroposterior | Dorsoventral3 |
| Left-right | Dextro-sinister2, Sinistro-dexter2 | Same | — |
| Mediolateral4 | — | Same | — |
| Proximodistal | — | Same | — |
| Notes: (1) Fairly common usage. (2) Uncommon usage. (3) Rarely used. (4) Equivalent to one-half of the left-right axis. (The terms "intermediate", "ipsilateral", "contralateral", "superficial" and "deep", while indicating directions, are relative terms and thus do not properly define fixed anatomical axes.) | |||
| Defining Vertebrate Axes | Vertebrate zootomy1 | Human anatomy | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plane | Synonyms | Plane | Synonyms | |
| Dorsoventral | Transverse | Cross-sectional2 | Same | — |
| Left-right (mediolateral) | ||||
| Anteroposterior | Sagittal3 | Midsagittal, parasagittal4 | Same | Median3, midsagittal, parasagittal4 |
| Dorsoventral | ||||
| Anteroposterior | Frontal5 | Coronal | Coronal5 | Frontal |
| Left-right (Mediolateral) | ||||
| Proximodistal | Transverse6 | Longitudinal7 | Coronal8 | Frontal7 |
| Left-right (Mediolateral) | ||||
| Proximodistal | Parasagittal9 | Variable10 | Same8 | Sagittal11 |
| Dorsoventral | ||||
| None or only one |
Oblique | Variable12 | Same | Variable12 |
| Notes: (1) Same terms may be applied to bilaterally-symmetrical invertebrates. (2) Plane is "transverse"; a physical section is often a "cross-section". (3) "True" sagittal is actually midsagittal; divides the body into equal left-right halves. (4) Parasagittal divides the body into unequal left-right parts. (5) Preferred, due to position of head relative to trunk. (6) If section includes both body and appendage. (7) If section includes only to the appendage. (8) Technically preferred, due to position of limb relative to body. (9)For appendages not on midline (limbs and paired fins); "sagittal" for medial (dorsal, ventral, caudal) fins. (10) Depends on position of appendage relative to body. (11) Only if referring to midline of limb itself. (12) If following one axis, may be referred to as "oblique transverse", for example. | ||||
| 1916 | 1917 | 1918 |
|---|---|---|
| Mount Sorrel | Arras 1917-18 | Amiens |
| Somme 1916 | Vimy 1917 | Scarpe 1918 |
| Flers-Courcelette | Hill 70 | Hindenburg Line |
| Ancre Heights | Ypres 1917 | Canal du Nord |
| Passchendaele | Cambrai 1918 | |
| Valenciennes | ||
| Sambre | ||
| France and Flanders 1915-18 | ||