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C7ORF61
edit| SPACDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | SPACDR, chromosome 7 open reading frame 61, sperm acrosome developmental regulator, C7orf61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | HomoloGene: 52845; GeneCards: SPACDR; OMA:SPACDR - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Uncharacterized protein chromosome 7 open reading frame 61 is an asperigine-poor protein in humans encoded by the c7orf61 gene. The protein function is relatively unknown and is highly conserved in mammals.
Gene
editLocus
editC7orf61 is located on the reverse (or negative) DNA strand and is situated in chromosome 7 (7q22.1) from base pairs 100,456,615-100,464,271 - roughly 7,6547 bp. [3] It has a total of 3 exons and lacks isoforms.
mRNA
editThe mRNA is approximately 1019 bp and belongs to domain of unknown function 4703 (PFAM15775).[4]
Protein
editIn humans, the protein contains a total of 206 amino acids.[3] The protein's molecular weight is 23.71 kDa and it's isoelectric point is 10.41.[5] DUF4703 is positioned 22-206aa of the protein.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
Composition
editThe amino acid composition of C7orf61 comprises of high frequencies in leucine, serine, and charged valine.[6] The protein has an unusual low frequency in asperigine, making it an asperiginine-deficient protein [6], and contains higher frequences of salt-bridge formations between glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and arginine.[6]
Characteristics and Structure
editThe consent within secondary structure prediction tools CFSSP[7], SSPRED[8], and GOR4 [9] is that the protein's secondary structure consist mainly of α-helices (51.2%), with significant amounts of coiling (38.2%) and smaller fragments of beta strands (10.3%).
Post-translational modifications
editC7orf61 has several post-translation modification sites, most of which involve serine/threonine kinases - protein kinase C, Casein kinase II, DNA-dependent protein kinase, and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1. It is predicted to contain a Biparte nuclear localization signal (NLS_BP), a leucine-rich variant domain (LRV), and bacterial Ig-like domain (BIG-1).[11]
Subcellular Localization
editC7orf61 does not contain any trans-membrane domains or signal peptides.[12][13] The protein is predicted to be localized in the Mitochondia, with little indication of extracellular activity. [14][15] Expanded analysis of amino acid sequence KFFRWVRRAWQRIISWVF near the N-terminal suggests the presence of a mitochondrial targeting signal. [16]
Gene Regulation
editC7orf61 has high levels of expression in the testis and lower levels in the brain and connective tissues.[17] Through the assessment of microarray experiments available on NCBI Geo, it's inferred that c7orf61 is under negative regulation. [18]
Homology
editC7orf61 does not have any paralogs. Analysis via NCBI tool BLASTt[19] found the gene to be highly conserved in mammals and could not be traced farther back than 160 MYA. The following table contains a list of orthologs found in several mammalian sub-classes - this is not a comprehensive list for the proteins orthology.
| Species | Common Name | Divergence (MYA) | Accession number (from NCBI [20]) | Sequence Length | Percent Identity | Percent Similarity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | Human | 0 | NP_001004323.1 | 206 | 100% | 100% |
| Ceratotherium simum | White Rhinoceros | 96 | XP_014652622.1 | 204 | 64% | 81% |
| Canis lupus | Wolf | 96 | XP_008963687.1 | 203 | 64% | 78% |
| Bos taurus | Cow | 96 | XP_005225278.1 | 204 | 64% | 78% |
| Physeter catodon | Sperm Whale | 96 | XP_007110691.1 | 204 | 63% | 76% |
| Condylura cristata | Mole | 96 | XP_004691685.1 | 204 | 62% | 75% |
| Eptesicus fuscus | Brown bat | 96 | XP_008139625.1 | 213 | 61% | 75% |
| Elephantulus edwardii | Elephant shrew | 105 | XP_006896643.1 | 147 | 58% | 78% |
| Phascolarctos cinereus | Koala | 159 | XP_020834746.1 | 160 | 41% | 58% |
| Sarcophilus harrisii | Tasmanian Devil | 160 | XP_012404266.1 | 162 | 37% | 61% |
References
edit- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185955 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "NCBI h. sapiens Protein C7orf61". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ "NCBI h. sapiens C7orf61 mRNA". Retrieved 20 February 2018.
- ^ "ExPASy Compute pl/Mw tool". Retrieved 4 January 2018.
- ^ a b c "EMBL-EBI SAP". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "CFSSP". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SoftBerry SSPRED". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "GOR4". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "PHYRE2". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SIB Motif Scan". Retrieved 23 April 2018.
- ^ "SignalP 4.1 Server prediction tool". Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ "TMpred tool". Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- ^ "DeepLoc-1.0". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "ProtComp 9.0". Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ^ "Helical Wheel". Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI EST Profile - C7orf61". Retrieved 1 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI Geo". Retrieved 2 April 2018.
- ^ "NCBI BLAST". Retrieved 4 February 2018.
- ^ "NCBI C7orf61". Retrieved 4 January 2018.