The voiceless alveolar stop is a consonant sound used in many languages.
Phonetic variants edit
Place of articulation edit
Primary edit
- dental ⟨t̪⟩
- alveolar ⟨t͇⟩
- postalveolar ⟨t̠⟩
Secondary edit
- labialized ⟨tʷ⟩
- palatalized ⟨tʲ⟩
- labiopalatalized ⟨tᶣ⟩
- velarized ⟨tˠ⟩
- pharyngealized ⟨tˤ⟩
- glottalized ⟨tˀ⟩
Length edit
- short ⟨t⟩
- half-long ⟨tˑ⟩
- long or geminated ⟨tː⟩
Tenseness edit
- lenis, lax ⟨d̥⟩ (voiceless diacritic on symbol for voiced stop)
- fortis, tense ⟨tˑ⟩, ⟨tː⟩, or ⟨t͈⟩
Voice-onset time edit
- voiced ⟨t̬⟩
- tenuis ⟨t˭⟩
- aspirated ⟨tʰ⟩
Release edit
- lateral release ⟨tˡ⟩
- nasal release ⟨tⁿ⟩
- no audible release ⟨t̚⟩
Phonology edit
Distinctive features edit
Major edit
- [-syllabic]
- [+consonantal]
- [-approximant]
- [-sonorant]
Laryngeal edit
- [-voice]
- [+/- spread glottis]
- [? constricted glottis]
Manner edit
- [-continuant]
- [-nasal]
- [+/-lateral]
Place edit
- [CORONAL]
- [? anterior]
- [? distributed]
Phonemes edit
Phonation edit
Mandarin Chinese
- tenuis /t/
- aspirated /tʰ/
Thai
- tenuis /t/
- aspirated /tʰ/
- (voiced /d/)
Articulation edit
Estonian
- plain /t/
- palatalized /tʲ/
Russian, Lithuanian
- (plain dental /t/)
- palatalized alveolar /tʲ/
Ubykh, Abkhaz
- plain /t/
- labialized /tʷ/
Other distinctions edit
Chechen
- aspirated /tʰ/
- geminated or fortis /tː/
- pharyngealized /tˤ/
- pharyngealized geminated /tˤː/
Allophony edit
English
- at beginning of stressed syllable
- aspirated [tʰ]
- after /s/
- tenuis [t]
- after stressed vowel
- lenited [ɾ] (American English)
- at end of syllable
- tenuis [t]
- unreleased [t̚]
- glottalized [tˀ]
- debuccalized [ʔ]
Japanese
- /t/
- plain [t]
- lenited [ts] before /u/
- palatalized [tɕ] before /i/
Sound changes edit
Palatalization edit
English
- /tj/ > /tʃ/ (yod-coalescence)
- nature /neɪ.tjuːr/ > /neɪtʃər/
Lenition edit
American English
- /t/ > [ɾ] (rhotacism, intervocalic alveolar-flapping)
- /wɑtər/ > [wɑɾɚ]
Welsh
- /t/ > /d/ (soft mutation)