User:Erik Sergeant/sandbox

User:Erik Sergeant/sandbox 2

User:Erik Sergeant/sandbox 3

User:Erik Sergeant/sandbox 4

• [changes]
• https://xtools.wmflabs.org/ec/en.wikipedia.org/Erik_Sergeant
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tree_chart
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion

Vandals

X Sockpuppets

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/OnTheBallCity4765

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/LightlyFriedCrisp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/WataBottel

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/JoshuaSmith75

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/XeonLord

Misc Vandals

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/SFODChewie

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Leotovell

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/Bob4012

School IPs

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/82.219.7.90

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/82.219.7.130

Bailey https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/82.219.10.181

Mundham To-do

Re-written: 26/33

Fully Cited: 13/33

1 Toponymy

2 History

2.1 Early history

2.2 Middle Ages to Early Modern Period

2.3 Late Modern Period

3 Landmarks

3.1 Mundham St Peter's

3.1.1 St Peter's Church

3.1.1.1 History

3.1.1.1.1 Earlier buildings

3.1.1.1.2 Norman church

3.1.1.1.3 Later History

3.1.1.2 Architecture

3.1.1.3 Music

3.1.1.4 Memorials and Notable People

3.1.1.4.1 Henry Osborn

3.1.1.4.2 William Harborne

3.1.1.4.3 The Grimer Family

3.1.1.4.4 The War Memorial

3.1.1.4.5 George Eardley Todd

3.1.2 St Ethelbert's Church

3.1.3 Mundham House

3.1.4 Mundham Hall

3.1.5 Mundham Mill

3.1.6 The Three Chapels

3.2 Mundham St Ethelbert's

3.2.1 Seething Airfield

3.2.2 Seething Observatory

3.3 Listed Buildings

4 Geography

4.1 Climate

5 Demography

6 Public services

Stuff

Bixley

Broome

Wentworth

Thame

Spilsby

St Mawgan

Ravensworth

Helmsley

Oxford

Badlesmere

Topcliffe

Bavaria

Scotland

Dál Riata

Eskdale

Luxembourg

Lorraine

Aalst

Hildrizhausen

Andechs

Kastl

Nordgau

Swabia

Wetterau

Vermandois

Walbeck

Arneburg

Lotharingia

Querfurt

Aquitaine

West Francia

Friuli

Italy

Carolingia

Orléans

Altorf

Aachen

Kraichgau

Thurgau

Laon

Éire

Spoleto

Gallaecia

Austrasia

Neustria

Harzgau

Alamannia

Warwick

Holy Roman Empire

Burghersh

Erik Sergeant/sandbox (Europe)

Extended content

This template's initial visibility currently defaults to autocollapse, meaning that if there is another collapsible item on the page (a navbox, sidebar, or table with the collapsible attribute), it is hidden apart from its title bar; if not, it is fully visible. To change this template's initial visibility, the |state= parameter may be used: {{Erik Sergeant|state=collapsed}} will show the template collapsed, i.e. hidden apart from its title bar. {{Erik Sergeant|state=expanded}} will show the template expanded, i.e. fully visible.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Tree_chart

Mundham

/ˈmʌndhæm/

(/ˈmʌndhæm/)

Books

• Tiny Luttrell by Ernest William Hornung
• The Deadliest Sin by The Medieval Murderers
• Rodmoor by John Cowper Powys
• Broken Wings by Henry James
• Jezebel by Richard Price

Grimer Family

The Grimer Family

The Grimer's lived in Mundham for over 250 years, from pre-16th century to the late 18th century, they were first recorded in 1523 when Robert Greymer was born, and last record when Robert Grimer was born in 1772. They were some of the major landowners of their time, and have three floor plaques and a wall plaque in St Peter's Church which is over the St Christopher's painting, one of which has their 'self assigned' coat of arms of three golden eagles on a green shield.

Grimer Family Tree

Extended content Robert Greymer (1523-?) ? William Grymer (1545-?) ? Ann Grymer Prudence Grymer Robert Grymer ? William Grymer (?-1634) Elizabeth Thrower (?-1621) Ann Grimer (1601-?) Robert Grimer (1608-?) Ann Neale Robert Grimer (1637-1680) Ann Grimer (1639-?) Elizabeth Grimer (1642-1702) William Grimer (1644-?) Elizabeth Reeve John Grimer (1644-1728) Thomas Grimer (1647-?) Edward Grimer (1652-?) John Grimer (1677-1751) Mary Clarke Robert Grimer (1690-1759) Hannah Wrench Hannah Mickleburgh Robert Grimer (1740-1795) Hannah Grimer (1723-?) Elizabeth Grimer (1734-?) Osmund Clarke (?-1793) Mary Grimer (1767-?) Hannah Grimer (1769-1810) Elizabeth Grimer (1771-?) Thomas Cooke Robert Grimer (1772-?)

War Memorial

Name	Rank	Regiment	Date of Death	Age	Buried or commemorated at	Links
Alfred William Adams	Private	7th Norfolk Battalion	1 December 1917	28	Cambrai Memorial, Louverval, Panel 4	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/1750716/alfred-william-adams/
Harry (Henry) Chilvers	Private	2nd Norfolk Battalion	8 October 1918	43	High Tree Cemetary, Montbrehain, A33	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/556076/h-chilvers/ different battalion?
Albert William Copeman	Private	9th Norfolk Battalion	15 September 1916	25	Thiepval Memorial, Pier and Face, 1 C and 1 D	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/759408/albert-copeman/
Robert Copeman	Lance Corporal	8th Norfolk Battalion	10 December 1916	23	Mundham Graveyard	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2802946/r-copeman/
Edward James Doubleday	Private	3rd(1st) Norfolk Battalion	4 June 1916	32	Arras Memorial, Bay 3	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/1540458/edward-doubleday/ different battalion?
James Ewles	Private	1st Suffolk Battalion	19 January 1919	43	Ari Burnu Cemetery, Anzac Cove, G. 26	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/621586/james-william-ewles/
Herbert George Fenn	Sergeant	Machine Gun Corps	8 October 1917	23	Tyne Cot Memorial, Panel 154 to 159	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/1631722/herbert-george-fenn/
Herbert Nichols	Private	1st Essex Battalion	13 August 1915	23	Helles Memorial, Panel 146 to 151 or 229 to 233	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/683077/herbert-nichols/
Harold Thurtle	Private	1st Essex Battalion	20 November 1917	20	Cambrai Memorial, Louverval, Panel 7 and 8	https://www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/1757365/harold-thurtle/

A (mostly) Chronological History of Mundham

Timeline

First Age of Mundham

Second Age of Mundham

First Age of Mundham

Second Age of Mundham

Third Age of Mundham

Fourth Age of Mundham

│

100

│

150

│

200

│

250

│

300

│

350

│

400

│

450

│

500

│

550

│

600

│

650

│

700

│

750

│

800

│

850

│

900

│

950

│

1000

│

1050

│

1100

│

1150

│

1200

│

1250

│

1300

│

1350

│

1400

│

1450

│

1500

│

1550

│

1600

│

1650

│

1700

│

1750

│

1800

│

1850

│

1900

│

1950

│

2000

Timeline of Mundham

Text

Mundham was first founded in c.130 AD in Roman Britain, it was not yet called Mundham, and instead was simply a farming settlement built to feed the growing Norwich. It was centralised in the north of Mundham, along the river Chet, encompassing a few of the surrounding villages, including Thwaite, Seething, and Bergh Apton. This Ancestor-State, as it were, wasn't Mundham or any other village for example, more that it would one day become them, let us call it Mundham Prime, for want of anything official. In the area surrounding Mundham, there are a series of Roman sites, including in Mundham itself, these are concentrated around the River Chet in the north of Mundham, and St Peter's church over half a mile to the south, these sites were chosen, in the case of the river, for the water access and for irrigation purposes, and in the case of St Peter's church, the land there is significantly higher than that surrounding it, and therefore is a natural construction point.

In the north, just over the border to Bergh Apton, is the location of a Roman Villa, this was the centre of Mundham Prime, and would continue to be so for 300 years, from c.130 AD until 410 AD, when the Romans left Britain. Immediately after this, the previously larger unified areas held by the Romans using their superior techniques of control collapsed into small, local communities, this division allowed the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain to begin, overrunning the country very quickly, taking over the previous Roman settlements and carving them up between themselves, they took the old settlement of Mundham Prime, and it split between the lesser members of the invaders, naming their new lands after themselves and the local environment, a larger version of what would one day become Mundham, Mundham Secundus, if you will, along with Bergh, in the north-west, and Apton, in the south-east, (As even in the Domesday book they were two separate villages) were quickly split up, other villages came into being later, such as Seething, which was split off from either Mundham or Apton in the mid to late Anglo-Saxon period, as well as Sisland and the now lost settlement of Washingford were separated from Mundham at around the same time, leaving us with nearly the modern villages we enjoy today, all except for Thwaite St Mary. Mundham Hall was built at the same time as Mundham Secundus was created, replacing the old Roman Villa as the centre of control in Mundham.

Over time, Mundham became established, growing in size, until in 1086, it had a estimated population of 381, placing it in the top 20% of settlements in the Domesday book, much larger than the other surrounding villages. Sometime between 1086 and 1140, Mundham was split into three pieces, two main 'Mundham' pieces, and one, separate piece, which would become Thwaite St Mary. How, you ask? It is simple, in the Domesday book, all the local villages have an entry, all of them, except for Thwaite St Mary, however there are several entries for a place named "Algamundestuna", note the "Mund" in the middle there, in the opinion of Hugh T Bryant, author of "A History of Norfolk Churches" Algamundestuna is simply another name for Mundham, as is common in the Domesday book, however, according to Francis Blomefield, author of "An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk", Algamundestuna cannot be a part of Mundham, as the location doesn't line up with Mundham, I ask, can it not be both, both an old name for Mundham, and a seperate part located outside of its current borders, and where is Algamundestuna located? It is located right on top of Thwaite St Mary. However, the name "Thwaite" is a Norse one, meaning "Clearing", and such a time based discrepancy cannot be ignored, it is my belief that the name was simply used as "Thwaite" is a common name in Norfolk, because the Domesday book does not just miss an entire settlement, so it cannot predate the survey.

As for the stated dates, generally villages are created with their respective church, and the Norman doorway of Thwaite's church dates from 1140, therefore Thwaite must originate from around the same time. I have had make an assumption here that the creation of Thwaite, and the split of Mundham into Mundham Magna and Mundham Parva, happened at the same time, I assume as such because there is no evidence to prove any order of events. Nonetheless, after 1140, Mundham is certainly split in half, and remains as such until the reunification in 1454, 300 years later. In the earlier period of the split, the two halves were known as Magna and Parva, however, later on they became known as St Peter's and St Ethelbert's, despite the fact that St Ethelbert's church was located well in the north of Mundham, and therefore in Mundham St Peter's (Magna). Magna and Parva, for your information, means Greater and Lesser, respectively.

In 1863, St Peter's church had the north aisle added, giving an extra 50 seats, and

At the same time as the vestry was added, in 1877, Mundham sadly lost it's original, norman font, and had it replaced with a new faux-romanesque one, which is still used to this day. The norman font was taken away to the Otleys (Rysa Lodge) in Seething, as that was the vicar's residence at the time, and somehow ended up in the nearby pond, where it sat for nearly 50 years, before eventually being found in the 1920's by Charles Hocking Hicks, and brought back to St Peter's by his sons in a wheelbarrow, they put it in the corner of the tower, where it still sits to this day. The font is in an incredibly dilapidated state, being split in half along the height of the bowl, as one might expect after sitting in a pond for a half-century, however, it was likely damaged before, which is why it was replaced.

The Norman font is built out of Purbeck marble, a fossiliferous limestone found only on the isle of Purbeck in Dorset, England. The font is the oldest part of church, dating from the 11th century, it is four-sided, each decorated with five arches, and sits on a circular base, which used to have a pillar at each corner, but these are lost. The only record of the font is in an etching by John Sell Cotman, an early 19th century artist, in this, it is depicted significantly taller, with an extra 2/3rd's height on it, however, it is unknown if this was just a simple font lid, or a missing section of the font, but given the general level of detail given in Cotman engravings, it would most likely be shown to be a large lid, and therefore the font must be missing a large section, which may be the seemingly random rubble which is stored in the bowl of the font.

To briefly recap the events leading up to the Mundham we enjoy today, the First age of Mundham began in 130 AD, when the Romans created a farming settlement on the sandy soil of the River Chet to feed the growing city of Norwich, this settlement, Mundham Prime, consisted of Mundham, and its surrounding villages, including what is now Bergh Apton, Thwaite St Mary, Sisland, and Seething, all controlled from the Villa in the south of Bergh Apton, just above the border with Mundham. After the Romans left Britain in 410 AD due to the sack of Rome, the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes, the three main tribes of the Anglo-Saxons, invaded the newly vacated Britain, taking the previous Roman estates and splitting them up among themselves, and thus ending the First age of Mundham, and beginning the Second age. Mundham Prime was quickly split into Mundham Secundus, Bergh, and Apton early on, Secundus consisting of what will become Mundham, Sisland, and Thwaite St Mary, and may have also included Seething, however Seething may have also been a part of Bergh instead. In the mid to late Anglo-Saxon period, Secundus was split further, losing Sisland and Washingford, and possibly Seething, but again, as Seething may have been part of Bergh, it is impossible to tell exactly how it happened. After the Domesday survey of 1086, the Second age of Mundham came to an end, when, in 1140, Secundus was split in three, one part becoming Thwaite, and the other two became Mundham Magna and Mundham Parva, thus beginning the Third age of Mundham, and leaving Mundham split in two until 1454 when Mundham reunified, forming the current Mundham which we have to this day.

Infobox

Mundham
Village and Civil Parish
Clockwise from top: St Peter's Church, St Peter's Norman doorway, and the Mundham Village Sign
Mundham Location within Norfolk Mundham Location within England Mundham Location within the United Kingdom
Coordinates: 52.52807°N 1.44112°E / 52.52807; 1.44112
OS Grid Reference	TM335978
Sovereign State	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	East of England
County	Norfolk
District	South Norfolk
Civil Parish	Mundham
Founded	Pre-7th century AD
Split into Magna & Parva	12th/13th century
Reunification	1454
Government
• Type	Parish Council
• Body	Mundham Parish Council
Area
• Total	6.31 km2 (2.44 sq mi)
Elevation	30 m (98.4 ft)
Highest elevation	41 m (134.5 ft)
Lowest elevation	16 m (52.5 ft)
Population  (2021)
• Total	147 (−16.95%)
• Ethnicity (2021 Census)	100% White
• Religion (2021 Census)	63% Christian 35.5% No Religion 0.68% Buddhist 0.68% Sikh
Time zone	UTC0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (BST)
Post Town	NORWICH
Postcode District	NR14
ONS	E00136704
Police	Norfolk Constabulary
Fire and Rescue	East of England
Ambulance	East of England
UK Parliament	South Norfolk
Website	mundhamparishcouncilweb.wordpress.com

DYK

• ... that the first English ambassador to Constantinople, William Harborne, retired to Mundham, Norfolk, and died there in 1617?
  • 1. New: * Make Mundham a GA, make Harborne additions all at once
  • 2. Long enough: ! Mundham is Long, Harborne 1000 words short
  • 3. Cited Hook: ! Cited, Not interesting?
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5
  • 6. Hook is 132 CH long

• ... that Mundham's 13th-century, Norman marble font was lost for half a century, but was eventually found in a pond in the nearby village of Seething?
  • 1. New: * Make Mundham a GA
  • 2. Long enough: * Mundham is Long
  • 3. Cited Hook: ! Cited?, Interesting?
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5

• ... that lieutenant colonel George Todd, OBE, wing-commander of the Royal Flying Corps, was churchwarden for Mundham between 1923 and 1939?
  • 1. New: * Make Mundham a GA
  • 2. Long enough: * Mundham is Long
  • 3. Cited Hook: * Cited, Interesting?
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5

• ... that in 1819, two small children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, 31⁄2 and 43⁄4, were knocked down and killed by the sails of Mundham mill?
  • 1. New: * Make Mundham a GA
  • 2. Long enough: * Mundham is Long
  • 3. Cited Hook: * Cited, Interesting *
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5

• ... that Mundham was first founded in c.130 AD, in Roman Britain, during the reign of Hadrian, in the late Roman Golden Age?
  • 1. New: * Make Mundham a GA
  • 2. Long enough: * Mundham is Long
  • 3. Cited Hook: * Cited, Interesting?
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5

• ... that despite the name, none of Seething Airfield is in Seething anymore, and is entirely inside of Mundham?
  • 1. New: * Quintuple Seething Airfield
  • 2. Long enough: ! 1300 words short !
  • 3. Cited Hook: * Cited, Interesting?
  • 4. Within Policy: * Yes
  • 5. Review Requirement: * 0/5

William Harborne

https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_History_of_Great_Yarmouth/GgoNAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=william+harborne&pg=PA283&printsec=frontcover

https://armorial.library.utoronto.ca/stamp-owners/HAR004 more info for taking

Extended content

William Harborne Born c.1542 Great Yarmouth, Norfolk Died 9 September 1617 Mundham Resting place St. Peter's Church, Mundham Title English Ambassador to Constantinople Term 20 November 1582 - August 1588 Predecessor N/A Successor Edward Barton (diplomat) Spouse Elizabeth Harborne (née Drury) Children John Harborne, Elizabeth Randall (née Harborne) William Harborne of Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (c.1542–1617) was a diplomat, businessman, and the first English Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, appointed by Queen Elizabeth I of England. Harborne was also elected as one of the members of Parliament for Great Yarmouth in 1571 for a week, before the house decided to elect Edward Bacon instead. Early Life William Harborne was the second son of William Harborne of Great Yarmouth, who as a town baliff for Great Yarmouth twice, once in 1556, and again in 1572. Establishment of the English Embassy in Constantinople Following a visit to Constantinople in 1575 by English merchants John Wright and Joseph Clements, Harborne was employed in 1578 by a group of English merchants to travel to Constantinople, via Poland, and obtain permission from the Sultan Murat III for English ships to trade in Ottoman ports. Previously only the French had enjoyed this privilege, which was granted to Harborne in 1580 following negotiations with Sadrazam Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, and correspondence between Queen Elizabeth I and the Sultan. Harborne thus became English Ambassador, in the pay of the Levant Company, an association of traders created for this purpose, led by Edward Osborne and Richard Staper, who had accompanied Harborne on his visits. Harborne received diplomatic credentials from Queen Elizabeth on 20 November 1582. Sailing to Constantinople from London he arrived on 26 March 1583 bearing lavish gifts for the Sultan including an expensive clock. Harborne played a key role in preventing the Ottoman Empire from supporting Catholic Spain in the war with Protestant England that was taking place at the time. Harborne was able to persuade the Porte that Spain was a threat to peace for all of Europe. Although he was unable to obtain a military alliance with the Ottomans, the Spanish-Ottoman protocol was not renewed in 1587. The Elizabethan Treaty was renewed and would survive for 343 years with England and Turkey. The Turkish powers were furious; and the Englishman was threatened several times by French to be turfed out. Harborne also succeeded in obtaining from the Ottomans capitulations and other tariff reductions for English goods, and was charged with obtaining samples and information regarding dyestuffs and fabrics used in the production of cloth and clothing in Turkey at that time. The ambassador departed in August 1588 and was succeeded by Sir Edward Barton, by which time trade had begun to thrive and the post was one of the most powerful positions in the English foreign service. Harborne's Memorial in Mundham Later Life On his return to England Harborne settled at Mundham, Norfolk. He died there on 6 November 1617 and was buried in that parish. There is a monument to his memory in that parish, with a eulogistic inscription in English verse. The Plaque reads:  "Behold a dead mans howse who full of dayes, retirde here from the world desert and praise should sitt uppon in vertuous strife, this to instruct and that to wright his life heires spare your cost he needs no tombe in death who Embassagde for Queene Elizabeth his next will be when at the generall dome God sends his sovle to fetch his bodye home" Family William Harborne's father was William Harborne, who was married to Joan Piers, the cousin of John Piers, Archbishop of York. Harborne is also a descendant of Sir Anthony Harborne, a member of the army of Edward III, who's coat of arms was granted to William in 1582 Harborne married Elizabeth, daughter of Anthony Drury of Besthorpe, Norfolk on 16 September 1589. They had several children: John, his son and heir. Elizabeth, who stayed in Mundham, she married Gregory Randall and had a daughter; Elizabeth, William's Granddaughter, who lived from 1629 to Jan 1652, and died in Mundham, at the age of 23. Works Harborne wrote: An account of his journey from Constantinople to London in 1588. Printed in Hakluyt's Collection of Voyages The relation of my tenn yeares forraine travelle in procuring and establishing the intercourse into the Grand Seignor his domynions, begun in anno 1577 and fynished 1588, specifieng the service donn to hir Matie and Comon Wealth, with such perticuler proffet as the Traders thether have and doe enioye therebie, British Library Lansdowne MS 57, f. 65. Many of his letters and documents relating to his embassy are preserved among the Lansdowne MSS in the British Library, and the Tanner MSS in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Notes References Cokayne, George Edward, ed. (1903). Complete Baronetage 1649–1664. Vol. 3. Exeter: William Pollard and Co. Woodhead, Christine (January 2008) [200]. "Harborne, William (c.1542–1617)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/12234. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) Attribution  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Cooper, Thompson (1890). "Harborne, William". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney (eds.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 316–317.

Hist

Hackford

Hackford
Village
St Mary's Church: Building, Organ, and Chancel
Hackford Location within Norfolk Hackford Location within England Hackford Location within the United Kingdom
Coordinates: 52.57827°N 1.02934°E / 52.57827; 1.02934
Sovereign State	United Kingdom
Country	England
Region	East of England
County	Norfolk
District	South Norfolk
Civil Parish	Deopham
Village	Hackford
Founded	Mid Anglo-Saxon Period (c. 650-850)
Government
• Type	Parish Council
• Body	Deopham Parish Council
Area
• Total	3.1 km2 (1.18 sq mi)
Population  (1931)
• Total	171
• Density	56/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC0 (GMT)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+1 (BST)
Postcode District	NR18
ITL	UKH17
Police	Norfolk Constabulary
Fire and Rescue	East of England
Ambulance	East of England
UK Parliament	South Norfolk

Hackford, historically Hakeforda, is a village and former civil parish in the civil parish of Deopham, in the county of Norfolk, England. Archaeological and toponymic evidence of Hackford's existence predates its appearance in the Domesday survey of 1086, dating back to the mid Anglo-Saxon period, however, there has been consistent activity in the area since the Bronze age. Hackford was a civil parish until 1935, when it became part of Deopham. Hackford is located in the Ward of Hingham and Deopham, which is part of the South Norfolk district of the county of Norfolk, England. Hackford is 9.1 miles (14.7 km) from Norwich, and 3.8 miles (6.1 km) from Wymondham. The village contains two heritage-listed buildings, which are a 12th-century church and a 17th cottage. The fields and woodland surrounding Mundham have changed little in the past 500 years, and the village itself remains rural with a low population density compared to the national average.

Toponymy

The name "Hackford" or "Hakeforda" originates from the Middle English word "Hake", which means "hook", this comes from the Old English word "Haca" meaning “hook, bolt, door-fastening, or bar”, which comes from the Proto-Germanic word "*hakô", meaning "hook", which itself comes from the Proto-Indo-European word "*keg-, *keng-" which means "peg or hook". The suffix -ford is the Old English noun meaning "A location where a stream is shallow and the bottom has good footing, making it possible to cross; a crossing." which comes from the Proto-Germanic "*furduz" meaning "ford", this comes from the Proto-Indo-European "*pr̥téw-", which is the oblique stem of "*pértus", which means "to cross (water)". Thus, the entire name of "Hackford" means "A ford over a riverhook (or bend)" namely the river to the east of St Mary's church.

St Mary's church porch

History

Hackford was first founded during the mid Anglo-Saxon period, sometime before the other nearby villages, as the evidence of Saxon occupation in the close area is entirely centralised in Hackford

Hackford's first written record was in the Domesday book in 1086, when it had 6 households and an estimated population of 30, putting it in the smallest 40% of settlements in the Domesday book. It was valued at 10 shillings, with one acre of meadow and 10 pigs, being completely owned by "Ketil (Adler)" in 1066, and "Tovi" in 1086.

In 1854, Hackford was principally owned by John Wodehouse, 1st Earl of Kimberley, and the vicar was Reverent M. B. Darby. Hackford also had a fuel allotment of 10 acres which was created in 1807, and produced £10 per annum. In 1935, Hackford was amalgamated into the nearby village of Deopham, ending Hackford's nearly 1200 years of independence.

The church had a gallery which was constructed in 1827.

St Mary's Church

Located in the centre of Hackford, on Church lane, St Mary's Church is a grade II* listed church, which was originally built sometime in the mid Anglo-Saxon period. There has been a church on the site for nearly a millennium, as the north wall and doorway of the nave are Norman. Originally, St Mary's was a Catholic church, as it predates the English Reformation by about 900 years, however after the reformation, it became an Anglican church. St Mary's church is built out of partially rendered flint with stone and some brick dressings. Most of the internals of the church are 19th century wood carvings.

Holy water stoup in the Porch

The 14th-century south porch has been heavily renovated, and is disproportionately large compared to the nave it is set against, the doorway into the church is from the 15th century. An elaborate 15th Century holy water stoup is located in the porch, and is set on a fluted pillar, looking like a narrowed font, it was moved there at some point in the intervening years. Inside the church, St Mary's church has a long, narrow nave, with the north wall and Norman doorway dating from the 12th century, and the rest was built at a later date. Most of the internals of the church date from a restoration of the church in the 1880's, as does the roof, which was built with scissor beams, has victorian furnishings, and is tiled with pantiles, however, it used to be thatched. The restoration also added painted texts above each of the window arches. The font of St Mary's church is located in the nave, this dates from the 14th Century and is decorated with shields bearing symbols of the passion of Jesus. The 19th-century church organ is small, and is decorated with crockets and spires. Only one of a host of 15th-century censing angels survived the Iconoclasts of the English reformation, sitting upside down, it rests in a window on the north side of the nave.

St Mary's Church: Porch and Tower

The chancel of the church dates from the 14th century, and contains a 14th-century sedilia and piscina, like many other churches in the local area, the person sitting on the sedilia could access the piscina via a niche. The almost all of the rood screen, and all of the rood loft has been removed, leaving only the 15th-century wave-moulded chancel arch, which is cut through a 12th century norman wall, but now separates the nave and the chancel. On the north side of the nave, a recess marks where the rood loft stairs once were, and at the top, an ornately carved wooden support is the only surviving part of the rood loft. The church contains a small example of the royal arms of George II, they are unremarkable, but for their strange similarity to a much larger set in the nearby town of Wymondham.

The tower of the church is the most recent addition to the body of the church, being built in the very late 15th century prior to the reformation. It has three stages, with a battlemented parapet, diagonal buttresses, and a clock face on the south side of the tower. The tower is separated from the nave by a tall 15th century arch. The construction of the church is dated from 1423 and 1471, a bequest from the 1420's was only to be paid once work on the tower was underway. The battlements of the church stop at a lower level than usual, placing the bell windows much higher than in most churches, this is due to the fact that the tower was meant to be higher in an original plan, however the construction ran out of time or money and had to end, this resulted in the parapet sitting low to the windows. St Mary's church had one bell, with three shields located on the crown of the bell, and a latin inscription with the following quote:

 "Nos Tome Meritis Mereamur Gaudia Lucius"
This translates to:
"We deserve the joys of Light by our Merits"

Meadow Cottage

Meadow Cottage is a grade II listed former farmhouse which was built in the 17th century, it has a single story with an attic and a 20th-century dormer. It was built using a rendered timber frame and a thatched roof, with later additions built from brick on the side and rear of the house. The windows either side of the front door of the house have 20th-century window frames.

Geography

At 52.57827°N 1.02934°E / 52.57827; 1.02934, 88.5 miles northeast of London, Hackford's topography is similar to most of East Anglia, and is made up of river meadows and flat agricultural landscapes. The geological system of Hackford mostly consists of Cainozoic Sedimentary rock, with a layer of Eocene clay, sand and peat laid down in the Paleogene Period. Hackford lies at an average elevation of 40 metres, with a range of 38 to 41 metres, being lower in the east, and higher to the west. Hackford has slightly acidic loamy and clayey soils with impeded drainage, and low carbon, as well as an area of loamy and sandy soils with naturally high groundwater and a peaty surface in the east.

Climate

Like most of Norfolk, and much of the British Isles, Hackford has a temperate maritime climate (Köppen: Cfb), with relatively cool summers and mild winters. There is regular but generally light precipitation throughout the year. Hackford's average annual rainfall is 1,162.93 millimeters (45.78 in) compared to the UK average of 1,125.0 millimetres (44.29 in), and its mean rain days are 159.08 per annum, compared to the UK average of 154.4.

Climate data for Hackford, 1991-2020
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	6.66 (43.99)	7.16 (44.89)	9.22 (48.60)	12.03 (53.65)	15.13 (59.23)	17.68 (63.82)	19.62 (67.32)	19.30 (66.74)	16.85 (62.33)	13.08 (55.54)	9.41 (48.94)	7.02 (44.64)	12.79 (55.02)
Daily mean °C (°F)	5 (41)	5 (41)	7 (45)	9 (48)	12 (54)	15 (59)	17 (63)	17 (63)	15 (59)	12 (54)	8 (46)	5 (41)	11 (52)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	1.21 (34.18)	1.13 (34.03)	2.19 (35.94)	3.75 (38.75)	6.25 (43.25)	9.08 (48.34)	11.02 (51.84)	10.97 (51.75)	9.04 (48.27)	6.42 (43.56)	3.56 (38.41)	1.42 (34.56)	5.53 (41.95)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	121.53 (4.78)	96.15 (3.79)	85.10 (3.35)	71.73 (2.82)	70.98 (2.79)	77.20 (3.04)	82.48 (3.25)	93.73 (3.69)	90.89 (3.58)	122.56 (4.83)	123.39 (4.86)	127.19 (5.01)	1,162.93 (45.78)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)	15.43	13.18	12.68	11.59	11.24	11.51	12.25	12.89	12.08	14.83	15.81	15.60	159.08
Average relative humidity (%)	86	83	79	76	75	75	74	75	79	83	87	87	80
Average dew point °C (°F)	3 (37)	2 (36)	3 (37)	5 (41)	8 (46)	10 (50)	12 (54)	12 (54)	11 (52)	9 (48)	6 (43)	3 (37)	7 (45)
Mean monthly sunshine hours	47.51	71.93	109.24	155.38	192.21	171.48	173.39	161.64	127.49	91.82	57.94	42.71	1,402.73
Source: Met Office

Demography

The demography of Hackford is recorded from 1801 to 1931 and is shown in the table below.

Year	Houses	Families	Population	Males	Females	Area (Acres)
1801	27	36	186	88	98
1811	30	43	227	111	116
1821	46	46	222	107	115
1831	55	52	229	112	117	820
1841	64		264	121	143
1851	64		255	130	125	754
1861	57		222			754
1871	49	50	198			754
1881	52	50	199	108	91	754
1891	51	44	193	105	88	758
1901	46	47	186	100	86	758
1911		46	188	104	84	758
1921	44	44	162	87	75	758
1931	42	42	171	95	76	758

Public services

Policing in Hackford is provided by Norfolk Constabulary, Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Norfolk Fire and Rescue Service, of which the nearest station is in Wymondham. The nearest NHS hospital is Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital in Wymondham, administered by Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Ambulance services are provided by East of England Ambulance Service.

Waste management is coordinated by South Norfolk Council. Locally produced inert waste for disposal is processed into fuel for use in combined heat and power facilities in Europe. Hackford's distribution network operator for electricity is UK Power Networks. Drinking water and waste water are managed by Anglian Water.

Stuff

Stuff

https://norfolkpubs.co.uk/norfolkm/mundham/mundhgh.htm

https://www.worldcat.org/title/176876691

https://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step0.cfm

Stuff1

Mundham Mill was located at the top of Mundham Common, to which it lends the current house its name. As with many sites in Mundham, the mill is first shown on the 1797 Faden's map of Mundham. In 1819, the mill was owned by William Brown of Sisland, when, on 30 July, two children, Amelia and Robert Pitcher, aged 31⁄2 and 43⁄4 respectively, were killed when they were hit by the mill's sails, after Amelia was knocked down by them, and Robert ran to her assistance, before also being struck and killed, Amelia survived the accident, before dying soon after. They were both buried in St Peter's Churchyard, two days later. Their death was announced in the Essex Herald 11 days later, on 10 August.

The mill is shown on both the 1826 Bryants map, and the 1834 Greenwoods map. From 1845 to 1852, the Mill was under the ownership of William Beverly, (b.1800) who lived in the mill house with his family, his wife Mary Ann and his 5 children; Mary Ann, William, Michael, Emma and Margrett, however when William Beverly was declared insolvent in 1852, the mill was sold to G.S Kett, who then auctioned off the mill to Uriah Tibbenham in June of the same year, who ran it from 1864 to 1872. It is next mentioned in 1875, under the tenancy of Johnson Goff. In 1883, the previously wind powered mill was changed to a wind and steam method. Johnson continued under tenancy until July 1901, when he bought the mill at auction, which he continued to run until 1908, when it was bought by Ezra Upton, who ran it until its demolition in c. 1936, as by 1937 only the broken wall of the roundhouse remained.

Stuff2

The earliest archaeological artefacts from the parish are prehistoric and Neolithic flints collected over a number of years.

Iron Age coins, including a gold coin, a strap fitting, a terret and fragments of pottery have been found during metal detecting. Roman pottery, coins, an amphora-shaped strap end and several brooches have been found in the parish.

Several archaeological evaluations have been carried out on a site off Mundham Road since 1992, revealing a long history of occupation dating back to the prehistoric period. Evidence of Neolithic activity has been recovered from the site in the form of worked flints and pottery, and a number of Early Neolithic pits have been discovered, including one that contained burnt wood and other debris, and a human cremation. Other pits have been dated to the Bronze Age, and a ditch and two pits have been dated to the Iron Age. This does not seem to have been the site of a Roman settlement, although Roman pottery has been found on the surface. A settlement was established here in the Early Saxon period, and the remains of sunken-featured buildings, or grubenhauser, have been excavated, as well as a Middle Saxon post-hole. Metal detecting on the site has recovered a Viking bridle cheekpiece and other metal finds. The latest archaeological features found on the site are two post medieval drainage ditches.

The site of an Early Saxon inhumation cemetery has been found during metal detecting, and a number of Early Saxon brooches and other metal finds have been recovered from the site. Other Saxon finds from the parish include an Early Saxon sword pommel, Middle Saxon brooches, a dress fitting, pins, a Middle to Late Saxon strap end, Late Saxon mounts, a pin, a bridle cheek-piece, pieces of pottery, coins and brooches have been found during metal detecting. In the Domesday Book Mundham was divided between several landowners, and had a church, beehives and a fishery as well as meadow and woods.

The Randall family

Gregorij Randall's Floor Plaque

1671 Floor Plaque

The next memorial chronologically, Elizabeth Randall was the Granddaughter of William Harborne, esquire, and Elizabeth Harborne (née Drury), the daughter of Gregory Randall and Elizabeth Randall (née Harborne). She was born in 1629 and died in January 1652 at the age of 23. Her memorial reads:

 "Elizabethae filia unica Gregorij Randall Generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi Harborne armigeri hic sepultae fuit hense Jan anno 1652, aetatis suae 23"

 "Elizabeth, the only daughter of Gregory Randall, noble and Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of William Harborne, esquire, was buried here Jan. 1652, at the age of 23"

After her death, the brother or son of Gregory Randall, William Randall lost four daughters at birth in August of 1671. Their memorial reads:

 "Quatuor infantes filiolae gulielmi randall generosi & Elizabethae uxoris ejus unius filiarum gulielmi cookrade brooke barronetti sunt hic sepultae, in quarum memoriam hunc lapidem posvit earum pater hense augusti 1671"

 "Four infant daughters of William Randall, noble, and Elizabeth his wife, one of the daughters of William Cooke, barronet of brooke, are buried here, in memory of which their father laid this stone in August 1671"

If he is Gregory's son, he would have been 17 or younger, his wife was another Elizabeth Randall (née Cooke), whose father was William Cooke, first Baronet of Broome hall. William Cooke had a son, William, who became the second and final Baronet of Broome hall.

For this family tree, maiden names will be used.

Harborne/Randall Family Tree
Extended content William Cooke ? ? William Harborne Elizabeth Drury Elizabeth Cooke William Randall Gregory Randall Elizabeth Harborne Four Stillborn Daughters Elizabeth Randall

The Grimer family

Robert Grimer's Floor Plaque, 1759

The Floor Plaque of both Hannah Grimers, 1723 and 1725

The Grimers were, in their time, one of the major land owners of Mundham. The first record of one of the Grimers living in Mundham, is that of Robert Greymer born in 1523, his son, William Grymer, born 1545, had 3 children, Ann, Prudence and Robert. Robert Grymer has only the date 1598 associated with him, and a son William Grymer. William later married one Elizabeth Thrower, having two children, Ann, born 1601, and Robert, born 1608, before Elizabeth died in 1621 and he died in 1634.

Robert Grimer married Ann Neale on 11/05/1634, and had seven children together, Robert 1637 – 1680, Ann born 1639, Elizabeth 1642 – 1702, William and John born 1644, Thomas born 1647 and Edward born 1652.

Their son William Grimer 1644 – 1702 is listed as "of Mundham, Yeoman". He married an Elizabeth Reeve in Mundham in 1671 and had two children, John born 1677, who died on February 27, 1750, at the age of 73, and Robert born 1690, Elizabeth died in 1735.

John Grimer's Floor Plaque, 1750

William's son Robert Grimer, 1690 – 1759 is recorded as "of Mundham, Gent". He married Hannah Wrench in 1721 and they had two daughters, Hannah born in 1723 and Elizabeth born in 1734. Their mother Hannah died in 1725 and Robert then married a Mary Clarke by whom they had a son Robert 1740 – 1795.

There are floor inscriptions present in St Peter's Church, honouring both wives, Hannah and Mary, his daughter Hannah and his brother John. The inscriptions also show a 'self assigned' coat of arms with three golden eagles on a green shield.

The entry for Robert 1740 – 1795 is listed as "of Mundham, Gent". He married Hannah Mickelburgh in 1767 at St Margaret and St Remigius Church, Seething. Their children are listed as Mary born 1767, Robert born 1772, Hannah born 1769 and Elizabeth born 1771. Their father Robert and mother Hannah have a wall mounted memorial in St Peter's Church.

For ease of reading, in this family tree, names which appear multiple times will be numbered.

Grimer Family Tree

Extended content Robert Greymer the 1st ? William Grymer the 1st ? Ann Grymer the 1st Prudence Grymer Robert Grymer the 2nd ? William Grymer the 2nd Elizabeth Thrower Ann Grimer the 2nd Robert Grimer the 3rd Ann Neale Robert Grimer the 4th Ann Grimer the 3rd Elizabeth Grimer the 1st John Grimer the 1st Thomas Grimer Edward Grimer William Grimer the 3rd Elizabeth Reeve John Grimer the 2nd Mary Clarke Robert Grimer the 5th Hannah Wrench Hannah Mickleburgh Robert Grimer the 6th Hannah Grimer the 1st ELizabeth Grimer the 2nd Mary Grimer Hannah Grimer the 2nd Elizabeth Grimer the 3rd Robert Grimer the 7th

Stuff3

 "Behold, a dead man's house, who full of days,
retired here from the world desert,
and praise should sit upon in virtuous strife,
this to instruct and that to write his life.
Heirs spare your cost, he needs no tomb in death,
who Embassage for Queen Elizabeth,
his next will be when at the general doom,
when God sends his soul to fetch his body home"

 "Reader, the dust inclosed beneath this pile,
A life unspotted lived; devoid of every guile,
Plain in his manners, sincere to his friend,
A pattern of virtue with honesty combined,
Shown through every action while here on earth,
Until unerring fate had stopped his breath."