- The history of Åland can be found at Åland.
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Sami
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Kingdom of Sweden
- 12th century-1249: Sweden starts establishing its rule from the 12th century until 1249 in present-day Finland, making it part of Sweden.
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- 1249: Sweden ends a campaign in and completes the annexation of part of Finland.
- 1293: Sweden stages a campaign to conquer part of Karelia.
- 1311: Sweden and Novogorod fight each other in Finland.
- 1318: Novgorod invades Swedish Finland.
- 1581: King Johan III uses the title of grand prince of Finland, without establishing a separate entity.
- 1597: A peasant uprising in Finland is suppressed.
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- 1600s: The area populated by Sami is incorporated into Sweden.
- 1700: Russia and Sweden are in war over Finland and the Baltic.
- 1721: Sweden loses part of Finland to Russia.
- 1741: Sweden invades from Finland Russia. The invasion fails and
- 1743: Russia conquers Finland, but agrees in the Treaty of Åbo to end the occupation.
- 1788: King Gustav III of Sweden commences a war against Russia.
- 1790: The Russian-Swedish war ends inconclusive with the Treaty of Värälä.
- 1808: Russia starts the Finnish War against Sweden by invading Finland.
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Russian Empire
- 1809: The Treaty of Fredrikshamn confirms the Russian victory in 1808 over Sweden. Sweden cedes Finland (including Åland) to Russia. Tsar Aleksandr I of Russia becomes grand prince of the Grand Principality of Finland. The estates assembly remains de jure intact with certain legislative powers, but until 1863 the assembly doesn’t convene.
- 1863: For the first time the Diet of Finland convenes. The Diet exists out of four estates, indirectly elected.
- 1906: Finland gets a Parliament (Eduskunta) elected in multi-party elections on a universal suffrage.
- 1917: After the revolutions commence in Russia, several entities are established on the territory of Russia. The Finnish parliament declares the independence from Russia.
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State of Finland
- 1917: The State of Finland secedes from Russia.
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Kingdom of Finland
- 1918: The same year the Kingdom of Finland is proclaimed, more or less a German puppet state. The Finnish Civil War starts between nationalist and socialist forces. Socialists establish as contra-government, the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic. Finnish volunteers take part in conflicts until 1922 in territories inhabited by other Baltic Finnic peoples in Russia.
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Republic of Finland
- 1919: After the civil war in which the FSWR is defeated, Finland becomes a republic. Finland gets a president elected by a popularly elected electoral college and a government responsible to the parliament, which is elected by in free multi-party elections on a universal suffrage. The citizens of Åland vote in a plebiscite for cession to Sweden.
- 1920: The Treaty of Tartu establishes the border between Russia and Finland, Russia finally recognizes the independence of Finland.
- 1922: After a decision of the League of Nations in 1921, Finland establishes the autonomous province of Åland under international treaty.
- 1939: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. The Soviet Union attacks Finland in the Winter War and a contra-government, the Finnish Democratic Republic, supported by the Soviet Union, tries to seize power.
- 1940: Finland is defeated by the Soviet Union and cedes in the Moscow Peace Treaty some of its territory. The Finnish Democratic Republic is disbanded.
- 1941: When Nazi Germany invades the Soviet Union, Finland resumes as a co-belligerent the Continuation War with the Soviet Union.
- 1944: The Finnish government start negotiations with the Soviet Union. With the Moscow Armistice Finland is forced to end the war and has to cede Petsamo to the Soviet Union.
- 1952: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden establish the Nordic Council.
- 1955: Finland joins the United Nations, being an observer since 1952.
- 1960: Finland is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association.
- 1995: Finland joins the European Union,[1] and leaves the European Free Trade Association.
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