Marco Polo in Caugigu (i.e., Giao Chi, Dai Viet, Annam) edit
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SPICERY & BEASTS & TATTOOING IN CAUGIGU - MARCO POLO
nothing else which does to mention, and therefore we will leave it you and will tell you of a province which is toward sunrising and is called Caugigu.[1]
HERE HE TELLS OF THE PROVINCE OF CAUGIGU. Caugigu is a province toward sunrising near to the aforesaid. It has a king to itself. The people are all idolaters and have a tongue for themselves. They gave themselves up however to the great Kaan and pay him great tribute each year. Moreover I tell you that this king of this province is so self-indulgent that he has quite three hundred women for wives; for when he knows that they have any fair woman in the country, he takes her immediately to wife. Gold enough is found in this province and precious stones. They have also much dear spicery of many makes in great abundance, but they are inland and very far from the sea, and so their goods are of no value but are sold very cheap there. They have elephants enough in this province & wild asses & many other wild beasts of many kinds. They have hunting enough. There grows much rice; they live on flesh & on milk & on rice. They have no wine from vines, but they make it very well from rice & from many delicate spices mixed together, which is very good. The people all in common, men and women, of that province are painted or pricked with the needle all over their flesh in such way as I shall tell you. For they make themselves pictures with needles in a colour of blood on their faces and all over their flesh of cranes and of eagles, of lions and of dragons and of birds and of many other likenesses different and strange, so that nothing is seen not drawn upon and not scratched. And they are made with the needles very cunningly & in such a way that they never go off by washing nor by other way. They also make them on the face[2] and on the
neck and on the belly and on the breast and on the arms and on the hands and on the feet,
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SPICERY & BEASTS & TATTOOING IN CAUGIGU - MARCO POLOnothing else which does to mention, and therefore we will leave it you and will tell you of a province which is toward sunrising and is called Caugigu.[1]
HERE HE TELLS OF THE PROVINCE OF CAUGIGU. Caugigu is a province toward sunrising near to the aforesaid. It has a king to itself. The people are all idolaters and have a tongue for themselves. They gave themselves up however to the great Kaan and pay him great tribute each year. Moreover I tell you that this king of this province is so self-indulgent that he has quite three hundred women for wives; for when he knows that they have any fair woman in the country, he takes her immediately to wife. Gold enough is found in this province and precious stones. They have also much dear spicery of many makes in great abundance, but they are inland and very far from the sea, and so their goods are of no value but are sold very cheap there. They have elephants enough in this province & wild asses & many other wild beasts of many kinds. They have hunting enough. There grows much rice; they live on flesh & on milk & on rice. They have no wine from vines, but they make it very well from rice & from many delicate spices mixed together, which is very good. The people all in common, men and women, of that province are painted or pricked with the needle all over their flesh in such way as I shall tell you. For they make themselves pictures with needles in a colour of blood on their faces and all over their flesh of cranes and of eagles, of lions and of dragons and of birds and of many other likenesses different and strange, so that nothing is seen not drawn upon and not scratched. And they are made with the needles very cunningly & in such a way that they never go off by washing nor by other way. They also make them on the face[2] and on the
neck and on the belly and on the breast and on the arms and on the hands and on the feet,
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SPICERY & BEASTS & TATTOOING IN CAUGIGU - MARCO POLOnothing else which does to mention, and therefore we will leave it you and will tell you of a province which is toward sunrising and is called Caugigu.[1]
HERE HE TELLS OF THE PROVINCE OF CAUGIGU. Caugigu is a province toward sunrising near to the aforesaid. It has a king to itself. The people are all idolaters and have a tongue for themselves. They gave themselves up however to the great Kaan and pay him great tribute each year. Moreover I tell you that this king of this province is so self-indulgent that he has quite three hundred women for wives; for when he knows that they have any fair woman in the country, he takes her immediately to wife. Gold enough is found in this province and precious stones. They have also much dear spicery of many makes in great abundance, but they are inland and very far from the sea, and so their goods are of no value but are sold very cheap there. They have elephants enough in this province & wild asses & many other wild beasts of many kinds. They have hunting enough. There grows much rice; they live on flesh & on milk & on rice. They have no wine from vines, but they make it very well from rice & from many delicate spices mixed together, which is very good. The people all in common, men and women, of that province are painted or pricked with the needle all over their flesh in such way as I shall tell you. For they make themselves pictures with needles in a colour of blood on their faces and all over their flesh of cranes and of eagles, of lions and of dragons and of birds and of many other likenesses different and strange, so that nothing is seen not drawn upon and not scratched. And they are made with the needles very cunningly & in such a way that they never go off by washing nor by other way. They also make them on the face[2] and on the neck and on the belly and on the breast and on the arms and on the hands and on the feet,
— Marco Polo, translated and annotated by Moule and Pelliot 1938, p. 296
{{Quote frame
|text= Put text to quote here
|author = [[Marco Polo]]
|source = translated and annotated by [https://archive.org/details/descriptionofwor01polo/mode/2up?view=theater Moule and Pelliot 1938, p. 296]
}}
Mongol invasions of Vietnam, corrections edit
My sandbox for making corrections to the article Mongol invasions of Vietnam
Citations edit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates
- Example of citing a book
{{cite book
| last = Mumf...
| first = David
| author-link = David Mumford
| title = The Red Book of V...
| publisher = [[Springer-Verlag]]
| series = Lecture Notes ...
| volume = 1358
| edition = 2nd expanded
| location = Berlin
| date = 1999
| page = 198
| doi = 10.1007/b62130
| isbn = 354063293X
| mr = 1748380
| zbl = 0945.14001}}
Mumford, David (1999). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 1358 (2nd expanded ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 198. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 354063293X. MR 1748380. Zbl 0945.14001.
- Correction of reference to Peter Harris' book: Marco Polo, The travels of Marco Polo, translated by W. Marsden and revised by T. Wright, newly revised and edited by Peter Harris, with an introduction by Colin Thubron, Everyman's Library, 2008.
{{cite book
| last = Polo
| first = Marco
| title = The travels of Marco Polo
| publisher = Everyman's Library, Alfred A. Knopf
| series = Translated by W. Marsden and revised by T. Wright, newly revised and edited by Peter Harris, with an introduction by Colin Thubron
| location = New York, London, Toronto
| date = 2008
| pages = 421
}}
Polo, Marco (2008). The travels of Marco Polo. Translated by W. Marsden and revised by T. Wright, newly revised and edited by Peter Harris, with an introduction by Colin Thubron. New York, London, Toronto: Everyman's Library, Alfred A. Knopf. p. 421.
Maps edit
A. Herrmann's map:
Code: [[File:Mongol empire 1290 and the travel of Marco Polo.png|200px|thumb|left|Mongol Yuan campaigns against Burma, Champa, and Dai Viet and the route of [[Marco Polo]]. Drawn by German archaeologist [[Albert Herrmann]]. The location of Cangigu (i.e., Caugigu, which was Tung-king, or Kiao-chi, or Annam) was too far to the west, inside the Mien (Burma) country, contrary to the interpretation of the great French sinologist [[w:Paul_Pelliot|Paul Pelliot]] and modern Marco-Polo scholars. See the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam#/media/File:Marco_Polo_in_Caugigu_-_Map.jpg Yule-Cordier map version] below.]]
Yule-Cordier's map: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Polo_in_Caugigu_-_Map.jpg
Code: [[File:Marco Polo in Caugigu - Map.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Marco Polo's itinerary in South West China and South East Asia in the Yule-Cordier edition of Marco Polo's Travels. The location of Caugigu (which was a different name for the kingdom of Dai Viet, i.e., Kiao-chi, or Tung-King, or Annam) in this map is more accurate than in the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Vietnam#/media/File:Mongol_empire_1290_and_the_travel_of_Marco_Polo.png map by A. Herrmann] above.]]