User:Draco ignoramus sophomoricus/sandbox campanian

Animals that lived in the Campanian include:

Cartilaginous fish

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Chimaeriformes

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Chimaeras of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Amylodon

  1. A. karamysh
Campanian – Rupelian Russia Amylodon is an extinct genus of chimaera, it was considered to be a member of Chimaeridae but other studies have assigned it to either "Edaphodontidae" or Rhinochimaeridae.
 
Callorhinchus, an extant genus of basal chimaeriforms with a fossil record extending back to middle Creataceous. It was morphologically similar, if not closely related, to many directly confirmed Campanian genera of chimaeras.

Edaphodon

  1. E. mirificus
  2. E. hesperis
  3. E. kawai
CretaceousNeogene North America Edaphodon is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", an unclearly defined group of chimaera with an uncertain position within the clade.

Elasmodus

  1. E. greenoughi
CretaceousPaleogene North America Elasmodus is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae".

Ischyodus

  1. I. bifurcatus
Middle JurassicMiocene. Russia; USA Ischyodus is an extinct genus of chimaera. It is sometimes placed in the "Edaphodontidae", while other authors place it into the extant Callorhinchidae.

†Hybodontiformes

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Hybodonts of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Lonchidion

  1. L. selachos
  2. L. griffisi
  3. L. babulskii
LadinianMaastrichtian
  1. L. selachos: Saskatchewan, Canada; USA
  2. L. griffisi: Wyoming
Lonchidion selachos and Lonchidion griffisi were among the latest surviving species of hybodont. Lonchidion species were originally included to the closely related but earlier genus of Lissodus.
 
Hybodus, a close relative of Meristodonoides which' species were once included into it.

Meristodonoides

  1. M. montanensis
AptianMaastrichtian Montana and Wyoming, USA Meristodonoides montanensis was one of the latest surviving species of hybodont, it was, along with the type species of its genus, originally described as a species of the earlier genus Hybodus.

Ptychodus

  1. P. polygyrus
Early-Late Cretaceous, 112–85 mya North America Ptychodus is an extinct genus of very large durophagous hybodont fish.

Selachimorpha

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Sharks of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Adnetoscyllium

  1. A. angloparisensis
Santonian to Campanian Anglo-Paris Basin, France and the United Kingdom Adnetoscyllium is an extinct monotypic genus of bamboo shark. It can be told apart from most other related genera via its lack of lateral cusplets.
 
Chlamydoselachus
 
Cretoxyrhina
 
Squalicorax

Anomotodon

  1. A. hermani
Early Cretaceous to Eocene Sweden Anomotodon is an extinct genus of shark related to the extant goblin shark.

Archaeotriakis

  1. A. rochelleae
  2. A. ornatus
Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana; Bearpaw Formation, Alberta Archaeotriakis is an extinct genus of false catshark. It is known from two species, mainly from isolated teeth.

Chlamydoselachus

  1. C. balli
  2. C. gracilis
Campanian-present Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Angola A genus of chlamydoselachid sharks, it includes the modern frilled shark and Southern African frilled shark.

Carcharias

  1. C. latus
Late Cretaceous-present Europe Carcharias is a genus of mackerel sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark.

Chiloscyllium

  1. C.missouriense
  2. C. gaemersi
Cenomanian to present North America; Europe A genus of bamboo shark. Many species survive to this day.

Cretalamna

  1. C. appendiculata
Late Albian-Lutetian (103.13–46.25 mya) North Africa; Middle East; North America Cretalamna is a genus of extinct medium to large-sized shark in the family Otodontidae. It is considered by many to be the ancestor of the largest sharks to have ever lived.

Cretorectolobus

  1. C. olsoni
Hauterivian-Maastrichtian Aguja Formation, Mexico; Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta; Judith River Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada and Montana, United States; Mesaverde Group, Wyoming; Åsen and Ignaberga, Sweden Cretorectolobus is an extinct carpet shark. The type species is C. olsoni, which existed during the Campanian in Canada and the United States.

Cretoxyrhina

  1. C. mantelli
Albian-Campanian

107.59–73.2 mya

North America; Sweden Cretoxyrhina was one of the largest sharks of its time. It had convergently evolved similar appearance and build to the modern great white shark but it was only distantly related within Lamniformes. It was an apex predator in its ecosystem and preyed on a large variety of marine animals including mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, sharks and other large fish, pterosaurs, and occasionally dinosaurs. Cretoxyrhina was also among the fastest-swimming sharks, with hydrodynamic calculations suggesting burst speeds of up to 70 km/h.

Dykeius

  1. D. garethi
Late Campanian Angola; Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Antarctica. A very large chlamydoselachid shark and one of the biggest species of Hexanchiformes to have ever lived, might had surpassed lengths of 7 meters.

Komoksodon

  1. K. kwutchakuth
Campanian to Selandian Northumberland Formation, Canada; Angola; New Zealand Komoksodon is an extinct genus of hexanchiform shark. It is the only member of the monotypic family Komoksodontidae.

Paraorthacodus

  1. P. andersoni
  2. P. conicus
Early JurassicEocene Montana, North America; Sweden Paraorthacodus is an extinct genus of shark. It a member of the family Paraorthacodontidae, though it was formerly regarded as a member of the family Palaeospinacidae, which is either placed in Hexanchiformes or in Synechodontiformes. It is known from over a dozen named species spanning from the Early Jurassic to the Paleocene, or possibly Eocene. Almost all members of the genus are exclusively known from isolated teeth, with the exception of P. jurensis from the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous of Europe, which is known from full body fossils from the Late Jurassic of Germany, which suggest that juveniles had a robust body with a round head, while adults had large body sizes with a fusiform profile.

Pseudocorax

  1. P. affinis
  2. P. granti
  3. P. laevis
Cenomanian-Maastrichtian Middle East; Europe; North America Pseudocorax is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks. It contains six valid species. It was formerly assigned to the family Anacoracidae, but is now placed in its own family Pseudocoracidae

Rolfodon

  1. R. goliath
  2. R. ludvigseni
  3. R. thompsoni
Campanian-Late Miocene Angola; Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada; Antarctica. A genus of chlamydoselachid sharks, many species, like the Campanian R. goliath and R. ludvigseni, reached length of above 4 meters.

(†)Scapanorhynchus

  1. S texanus
  2. S. rapax
  3. (?)S. subulatus
Albian-Miocene Egypt; Syria; North America Scapanorhynchus is an extinct genus of mitsukurinid shark that lived from the early Cretaceous until possibly the Miocene if S. subulatus is a and not a sand shark. Their extreme similarities to the living goblin shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, lead some experts to consider reclassifying it as Scapanorhynchus owstoni.

Serratolamna

  1. S. serrata
  2. S. khderii
Late CretaceousPaleocene Europe; North America Serratolamna is an extinct genus of mackerel sharks that is placed in the monotypic family Serratolamnidae.

Squalicorax

  1. S. falcatus
  2. S. kaupi
  3. S. pristodontus
Albian-Maastrichtian Egypt; Europe; North America Squalicorax, commonly known as the "crow shark", is a genus of extinct lamniform shark. Squalicorax was a medium-sized shark, typically measuring about 1.8–3 metres (5.9–9.8 ft) long. The largest specimen of S. pristodontus was signigicantly larger, measuring up to 4.8 metres (16 ft) long.

Squatirhina

Late Cretaceous Aguja and Pen Formations of Big Bend National Park, Texas Squatirhina is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish, possibly an orectolobid carpet shark.

Synechodus

  1. S. turneri
  2. S. filipi
Late TriassicPalaeocene USA; Europe Synechodus is an extinct genus of shark belonging to the family Palaeospinacidae and order Synechodontiformes. It is known from 16 species primarily spanning from the Late Triassic to Paleocene.

Batoidea

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Rays of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Agaleorhynchus

  1. A. britannicus
Middle Santonian to early Campanian Southern England A species of ray in the family Ganopristidae of the suborder Sclerorhynchoidei. Sclerorhynchoids are an extinct suborder of rajiforms that superficially resembled the distantly related sawfishes due to convergence but were more closely related to skates.
 
Sclerorhynchus

Ankistrorhynchus

  1. A. washakiensis
  2. A. major
Lower Santonian to Campanian Mesaverde Formation, Wyoming, USA; New Jersey, USA A genus of sclerorhynchid sawskate. It is known only isolated rostral teeth.

Ischyrhiza

  1. I. mira
  2. I. avonicola
Turonian-Thanetian

~89.3–55.8 mya

Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of sclerorhynchoid ray.

Protoplatyrhina

  1. P. renae
Late Cretaceous, 94.3–66 mya USA An extinct genus of rajiform.

Ptychotrygon

  1. P. blainensis
  2. P. boothi
  3. P. hooveri
  4. P. triangularis
  5. P. vermiculata
Late Cretaceous, 94.3–66 mya USA A genus of ptychotrygonid sclerorhynchoid.

Rhinobatos

  1. R. primarmatus
  2. R. intermedius
  3. R. tenuirostris
  4. R. latus
Tithonian-present A genus of rhinopristiform rays in the Rhinobatidae family.

Schizorhiza

  1. S. stromeri
Santonian-Maastrichtian Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of schizorhizid sclerorhynchoid.

Sclerorhynchus

  1. S. leptodon
  2. S. karakensis
Turonian-Maastrichtian Africa, the Middle East, North America, and South America A genus of ganopristid sclerorhynchoid.

Actinopterygii

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Basal ray-finned fish of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Asarotus

Campanian Niobrara Formation, North America Its type species, A. arcanus, is only known from poorly preserved single specimen, which makes hard to classify existing orders of Cretaceous actinopterygians. It was tentatively categorized as a palaeoniscoids but given its recent age and fragmentary nature this placement is unlikely.

Chondrostei

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Chondrostei of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Acipenser

Late Cretaceous to present North America Acipenser is a genus of sturgeons. It is the largest genus in the order Acipenseriformes, with 17 living species, others are only known from fossil remains. At least one species, A. albertensis is known from the late Campanian. The genus is paraphyletic, containing all sturgeons that do not belong to Huso, Scaphirhynchus, or Pseudoscaphirhynchus, with many species more closely related to the other three genera than they are to other species of Acipenser.
 
Acipenser

Priscosturion

Campanian (77.5 mya) Judith River Formation, Montana, USA Priscosturion, initially named Psammorhynchus, is an extinct genus of sturgeon known from one species, P. longipinnis. The fish belongs to the subfamily Priscosturioninae within the larger family Acipenseridae.

Holostei

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Holostei of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Amia

Early Cretaceous – present North America A genus of amiids which contains all extant bowfin species.
 
Amia
 
Atractosteus
 
Lepisosteus

Cyclurus

Late CretaceousEocene North America An extinct genus of amiids closely related to bowfin species.

Atractosteus

Campanian to present Americas A genus of large lepisosteid gars with three extant species.

Lepisosteus

Campanian to present North America, Brazil, France A genus of lepisosteid gars. Multiple of its species are still extant.

Melvius

Kirtlandian-Lancian (late Campanian-Maastrichtian) 74.8–66 Ma Kirtland Formation, USA A genus of large vidalamiin relative of bowfins.

Paralepidosteus

Albian to Campanian Tanout, Zinder, Niger One of the latest surviving genera of Semionotiformes.

Teleosteomorpha

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Teleosts and closely related fish of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Anomoeodus

Albian to Maastrichtian France; United States Anomoeodus is a genus of large pycnodontiform ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pycnodontidae.
 
Bonnerichthys
 
Cimolichthys
 
Enchodus
 
Gillicus
 
Ichthyodectes
 
Pachyrhizodus
 
Pentanogmius
 
Xiphactinus

Belonostomus

Late JurassicPaleocene Italy; North America A genus of aspidorhynchiform fishes within the family Aspidorhynchidae.

Bonnerichthys

Coniacian to Maastrichtian, 89–66 mya Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk, Pierre Shale, Mooreville Chalk, Demopolis Chalk, Wenonah Formation; North America A genus of late surviving filter feeding pachycormid fish. It grew to at least 5 meters in total body length, substantially less than the related Leedsichthys from the Jurassic which likely grew up to 16.5 meters.

Cimolichthys

Cenomanian (99.6 ± 0.9 Mya and 93.5 ± 0.8 Mya) to the Maastrichtian (70.6 ± 0.6 Mya to 66 Mya) North America; Europe Cimolichthys is an extinct genus of 1.5- to 2.0-meter-long nektonic predatory aulopiform fish. Although the closest living relatives of Cimolichthys are lancetfish and lizardfish, the living animals would have resembled very large freshwater pikes.

Coriops

Campanian to Maastrichtian, possibly to Paleocene Mesa Verde Formation, USA Coriops is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. Might be an eel, an elopiform, a bonefish or an osteoglossomorph.

Dactylopogon

Campanian Dactylopogon is an extinct genus of prehistoric elopiform fish.

Echidnocephalus

Campanian Westphalia, Germany Echidnocephalus troscheli is an extinct, prehistoric halosaur. Fossil specimens suggest an animal already looking very much like modern halosaurs.

Egertonia

Late Cretaceous-Eocene Black Creek Group, North Carolina An extinct genus of bonefish fish in the family Phyllodontidae.

Enchelurus

Cenomanian–Campanian UK; Levant A genus of extinct bony fish, possibly a halosaur.

Enchodus

Albian-Maastrichtian, ~112.6–66 Ma


North America; Egypt; Israel An extinct genus of aulopiform ray-finned fish related to lancetfish and lizardfish.

Eodiaphyodus

Campanian-Maastrichtian Angola and Nigeria A genus of extinct durophagous elopiform fish in the suborder Albuloidea.

Esteesox

Santonian to Campanian Alberta An extinct genus of freshwater pikes.

Gasteroclupea

Campanian to early Danian Chaunaca Formation, Bolivia A genus of prehistoric clupeomorph fish that is distantly related to modern anchovies and herrings. It contains one species, G. branisai. It inhabited freshwater or estuarine habitats. Its taxonomic identity was long uncertain, often being placed as a clupeid or an indeterminate clupeomorph, but more recent studies have placed it with the Ellimmichthyiformes.

Gillicus

100–66 mya North America A genus of ichthyodectiform fish in the family Ichthyodectidae. Unlike its larger relative, Xiphactinus, by which it was preyed upon, it was a filter feeder instead of a large prey predator.

Gwawinapterus

Campanian Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada Gwawinapterus beardi is a species of saurodontid ichthyodectiform fish initially described as a very late-surviving member of the pterosaur family Istiodactylidae.

Ichthyodectes

Coniacian to Campanian North America A genus of large ichthyodectiform fish in the family Ichthyodectidae. Like its larger close relative Xiphactinus was a voracious predator.

Moorevillia

Campanian Mooreville Chalk Formation, Alabama An extinct genus of crossognathiform fish in the family Plethodidae.

Oldmanesox

Campanian to Maastrichtian Alberta An extinct genus of freshwater pikes.

Pachyrhizodus

CenomanianMaastrichtian USA An extinct genus of crossognathiform fish in the family Pachyrhizodontidae.

Paralbula

Late Cretaceous-Early Eocene, 99.7–40.4 mya North America An extinct genus of bonefish fish in the family Phyllodontidae.

Paratarpon

Campanian North America An extinct genus of prehistoric elopiform fish in the family Elopidae.

Pentanogmius

Cenomanian–Campanian North America An extinct genus of crossognathiform fish in the family Plethodidae. Pentanogmius evolutus is among the largest known tselfatiiform fish with a length of over 1.7 meters.

Sardinioides

Campanian Sendenhorst, Germany Sardinioides is an extinct genus of prehistoric myctophiform fish, and considered a sister group to Paleogene and modern neoscopelids and myctophids.

Sardinius

Campanian Germany Sardinius is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray finned fish, potentially a myctophiform.

Sedenhorstia

Cenomanian–Campanian North America An extinct genus of prehistoric elopiform fish.

Telepholis

Cenomanian–Campanian Sendenhorst, Germany An extinct genus of aulopiform fish in Cheirothricidae, a family of fish capable of gliding flight over water, like the superficially similar flying fish, but more closely related to lizardfish.

Xiphactinus

Albian to Maastrichtian North America; Europe; Australia; Venezuela A genus of very large ichthyodectiform fish in the family Ichthyodectidae that could reach up to 4 meters in length. Xiphactinus was a voracious predator.

Actinistia

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Coelacanths of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Axelrodichthys

  1. Axelrodichthys megadromos
Lower Campanian possibly to early Maastrichtian France A species of averagely sized mawsoniid coelacanth. Related species of the same genus lived mostly on earlier stages of the Cretaceous.
 
Megalocoelacanthus

Megalocoelacanthus

  1. Megalocoelocanthus dobiei
Lower Campanian possibly to early Maastrichtian USA A very large latimerid coelacanth. It has been estimated to have been 3.5 – 4.5 meters in length.

Dipnoi

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Lungfish of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Ceratodus

Olenekian-Eocene Cosmpopolitan A widespread genus of ceratodontiform lungfish in the family Ceratodontidae with multiple species throughout the mesozoic.
 
Ceratodus
 
Retodus

Metaceratodus

Norian-Maastrichtian Malargüe Group, Argentina A widespread genus of ceratodontiform lungfish in the family Ceratodontidae with multiple species throughout the mesozoic.

Neoceratodus

Albian to Recent Brazil; Niger A ceratodontiform lungfish in the family Neoceratodontidae. A species of this genus, the Australian Lungfish, survives to this day.

Protopterus

Campanian to Recent Egypt; Sudan A ceratodontiform lungfish in the family Protopteridae. Many species of this genus, survive to this day.

Retodus

AlbianMaastrichtian Egypt; Sudan A genus of large ceratodontiform lungfish in the family Ceratodontidae.

Amphibians

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†Amphibians of the Maastrichtian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
  • Albanerpeton galaktion
  • Albanerpeton gracilis
  • Albanerpeton nexuosus
105.3–65.043 Ma, Albian to Maastrichtian Canada

USA

A salamander-like albanerpetontid that thrived in North America and Europe from the Early Cretaceous to the late Pliocene.
 
Albanerpeton nexuosus
  • Gobiates leptocolaptus
  • Gobiates khermeentsavis
Aptian-Campanian Barun Goyot and Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia Gobiates is an extinct genus of prehistoric frog. Fossils have been found in the
  • Habrosaurus prodilatus
Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A large sirenid, about the size of a hellbender. The palate is specialized for crushing, suggesting it may have fed on hard-bodied prey.
  • Opisthotriton kayi
Campanian-Lancian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta An extinct genus of prehistoric salamanders in the family Batrachosauroididae.
  • Parrisia neocesariensis
Campanian-Lancian Ellisdale Fossil Site, Marshalltown Formation, Monmouth County, New Jersey Parrisia neocesariensis is an extinct species of batrachosauroidid salamander.
  • Scotiophryne pustulosa
125–60.5 Ma, Aptian to Selandian Hell Creek Formation, Montana, USA

Mexico

A little-known frog.

Lepidosaurs

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Lepidosaurs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Adamisaurus

  1. A. magnidentatus
An agamid iguanian lizard.
 
Clidastes
 
Ectenosaurus
 
Estesia
 
Globidens alabamaensis
 
Halisaurus arambourgi
 
Mosasaurus beaugei
 
Mosasaurus lemonnieri
 
Mosasaurus missouriensis
 
Platecarpus tympaniticus
 
Prognathodon lutugini
 
Taniwhasaurus
 
Telmasaurus
 
Tylosaurus pembinensis
 
Tylosaurus proriger

Aiolosaurus

  1. A. oriens
A varanoid lizard of disputed affinity.

Alamitophis

  1. A. argentinus
  2. A. elongatus
A genus of fossil snakes in the extinct family of Madtsoiidae.

Anchaurosaurus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanian lizard in the extinct clade Gobiguania. Compared to other iguanians, Anchaurosaurus has a relatively elongated skull, large eye sockets, and higher tooth crowns.

Apsgnathus

Brewster County, Aguja Formation, Texas, USA A scincomorph.

Asprosaurus

81 mya Seonso Conglomerate Formation, South Korea A genus of anguimorph lizard distantly related to the living Gila monster.

Bainguis

84.9–70.6 mya Bayan Mandahu Formation, Mongolia A diploglossan anguimorph lizzard.

Catactegenys

Brewster County, Aguja Formation, Texas, USA A large, possibly durophagous, night lizard.

Carusia

A basal anguimorph lizard closely related to the extant Xenosauridae.

Cherminotus

A varanoid lizard that resembles Aiolosaurus.

Clidastes

A relatively small basal mosasaurine marine lizard.

Ctenomastax

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanid iguanian lizard.

Eoxanta

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A scincomorph lizard.

Dryadissector

  1. D. shilleri
A genus of extinct varanoid lizards.

Ectenosaurus

A genus of plioplatecarpine mosasaurs.

Eonatator

  1. E. coellensis
  2. E. sternbergii
A genus of halisaurine mosasaurs.

Estesia

Gobi Desert, Mongolia A genus of anguimorph lizards, originally thought to be closely related to monitor lizards.

Flaviagama

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A priscagamid iguanian lizard.

Gilmoreteius

Mongolia A genus belonging to Polyglyphanodontia, the only major clade of lizards that went extinct during the K-T extinction event.

Globaura

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A scincomorph lizard.

Gobiderma

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An anguimorph lizard that resembled a Gila monster though it was not necessarily closely related to it.

Gobinatus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A teiid lacertoid lizard.

Globidens

  1. G. alabamaensis
  2. G. dakotensis
  3. G. hisaensis
  4. G. schurmanni
  5. G. simplex
A genus of medium-sized mosasaurine mosasaurs. Along with its closest relatives in the tribe Globidensini it had distinctive globular teeth.

Gobiderma

An anguimorph lizard that resembled the modern Heloderma lizards.

Halisaurus

A comparatively small mosasaurs. Type genus of the subfamily Halisaurine.

Herensugea

A madtsoiid snake.

Hymenosaurus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A scincomorph lizard.

Isodontosaurus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanian lizard in the extinct clade Gobiguania.

Kawasphenodon

  1. K. expectatus
A sphenodontid rhynchocephalian closely related to the extant tuatara.

Lamarquesaurus

  1. L. cabazai
Cerro Tortuga site near Lamarque, Allen Formation, Argentina A basal neosphenodont rhynchocephalian.

Latoplatecarpus

  1. L. nichollsae
  2. L. willistoni
New Zealand, Japan, Antarctica A large plioplatecarpine mosasaur.

Menarana

  1. M. laurasiae
A madtsoiid snake.

Mimeosaurus

A priscagamid iguanian lizard. Mimeosaurus is unique among iguanians in having premaxilla bones at the tip of the snout that are reduced in size, as well as having two pairs of enlarged canine-like teeth in the maxilla

Mosasaurus

  1. M. beaugei
  2. M. conodon
  3. M. lemonnieri
  4. M. missouriensis


A genus of large mosasaurine mosasaurs, contained some of the largest marine reptiles to have ever lived.

Myrmecodaptria

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A basal lizard of contested affinities. Might be related to the contemporary Bainguis.

Odaxosaurus

  1. O. piger
  2. O. priscus
An anguid anguimorph.

Ovoo

  1. O. gurvel
An early varanid.

Palaeosaniwa

  1. P. canadensis
Late Cretaceous North America Palaeosaniwa is a platynotan anguimorph of uncertain affinities. It was among the largest terrestrial lizards known from the Mesozoic era, roughly comparable to a large monitor lizard in size, only exceeded by Asprosaurus and Chianghsia.

Paravaranus

  1. P. angustifrons
A varanoid lizard.

Parmeosaurus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A scincomorph lizard.

Patagoniophis

  1. P. parvus
A madtsoiid snake.

Phrynosomimus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A priscagamid iguanian lizard.

Platecarpus

USA, possibly Belgium and Africa A genus of plioplatecarpine mosasaurs.

Pleurodontagama

Bayan Mandahu Formation Gobi Desert, Mongolia Originally thought to be a priscagamid, it's sub-pleurodont dentition instead of acrodont permanent dentition indicates that it might had been a more basal iguanian, a potential "missing link" between Chamaeleontiformes and Pleurodonta.

Plioplatecarpus

  1. P. houzeaui
  2. P. peckensis
  3. P. primaevus
A genus of plioplatecarpine mosasaurs.

Priscagama

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia A priscagamid iguanian lizard.

Prognathodon

  1. P. currii
  2. P. lutugini
  3. P. overtoni
A genus of large mosasaurine mosasaurs.

Proplatynotia

  1. P. proplatynotia
An anguimorph lizard closely related to Monstersauria Varanoidea.

Rionegrophis

A madtsoiid snake.

Saichangurvel

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanian lizard in the extinct clade Gobiguania.

Saniwides

A varanoid lizard.

Sineoamphisbaena

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia It was originally proposed and argued that Sineoamphisbaenia was the oldest known amphisbaenian; this, however, was challenged and it's now considered to belong ot the extinct clade Polyglyphanodontia.

Slavoia

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia Previously thought to be a scincomorph, it was later placed in a clade containing Lacertoidea+Scincomorpha. A more recent description of the genus, placed it as a stem-group relative of amphisbaenians within Lacertoidea.

Taniwhasaurus

New Zealand, Japan, Antarctica A medium-sized tylosaurine mosasaur.

Temujinia

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanian lizard in the extinct clade Gobiguania.

Telmasaurus

A varanoid lizard.

Tylosaurus

  1. T. bernardi
  2. T. ivoensis
  3. T. pembinensis
  4. T. proriger
  5. T. saskatchewanensis
A genus of large tylosaurine mosasaurs, contained some of the largest marine reptiles to have ever lived.

Zapsosaurus

Djadochta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia An iguanian lizard in the extinct clade Gobiguania.

Testudines

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Turtles of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Adocus

Early CretaceousOligocene,

125–28 Mya

North America A large, freshwater pantryonychian turtle.
 
Archelon
 
Protostega

Allopleuron

Early Upper CretaceousOligocene

94.3–28.4 Mya

Germany Allopleuron is a genus of extinct basal sea turtle, which measured 2-to-2.5-metre long in life. The type species is Allopleuron hofmanni. It is a basal member of the clade Pancheloniidae, closely related to Protosphargis. Similar to Protosphargis, it was characterized by shell reduction.

Archelon

Campanian,

80.21–74.21 Mya

Pierre Shale, South Dakota, USA Archelon is a giant marine turtle in the extinct family Protostegidae. It is the largest turtle ever to have been sufficiently documented, with the biggest specimen measuring 4.6 m from head to tail and 2.2–3.2 t in body mass.

Atlantochelys

83 Mya New Jersey An extinct large marine turtle in the family Protostegidae. Though known from single humerus its full size has been extrapolated as being 3 m.

Basilemys

Campanian-Maastrichtian,

~84–66

Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Oldman Formation and Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta; Aguja Formation, Texas to Mexico A large, terrestrial pantryonychian turtle in the family Nanhsiungchelyidae . It is considered to be the largest terrestrial turtle of its time.

Calcarichelys

Campanian–Maastrichtian Selma Group, Alabama, USA Calcarichelys is a small protostegid, with a carapace length of 25.3 cm. It is probably closely related to Chelosphargis, as they share some characteristics. Unlike Chelosphargis, Calcarichelys is characterized by thorn-like neural plates.

Chelosphargis

Corsochelys

Campanian Mooreville Chalk Formation (the lower part of the Selma Group), Alabama Corsochelys halinches is an extinct species of basal dermochelyid sea turtle related to the modern leatherback turtle.

Ctenochelys

Late Cretaceous,

89–70 Ma

Mooreville Chalk, central Alabama, United States An extinct genus of stem-cheloniid sea-turtle.

Desmatochelys

Leviathanochelys

Campanian Cal Torrades locality, lower Perles Formation, Spanish Pyrenees Leviathanochelys is an extinct genus of giant basal sea turtle. Although Leviathanochelys, at an extrapolated body length of 3.74 m, could reach similar proportions as the largest protostegids, it was more closely related to modern cheloniid sea turtles and possibly a sister taxon to the stem-cheloniid Allopleuron hoffmanni.

Mesodermochelys

Early Campanian – Maastrichtian Osoushinai Formation, Yezo Group, Hokkaido, Japan Corsochelys halinches is an extinct species of basal dermochelyid sea turtle related to the modern leatherback turtle.

Nichollsemys

Late Cretaceous,

84.9–70.6 Mya

Bearpaw Shale Formation, Alberta Nichollsemys baieri is an extinct species of basal chelonioid sea turtles.

Pneumatoarthrus

Protostega

Campanian

83.5 Mya

Smoky Hill Chalk formation, western Kansas; Mooreville Chalk Formation; Rybushka Formation, Saratov Oblast, Russia. Protostega gigas is a species of giant marine turtle in the extinct family Protostegidae. It is one of the largest turtles to have ever lived.

Shandongemys

Late Cretaceous,

~85–75 Ma

Wangshi Group, Shandong, China, A lindholmemydid pantestudinoid turtle.

Terlinguachelys

Campanian

80 Mya

Aguja Formation, Texas An extinct marine turtle in the family Protostegidae.

Toxochelys

Late Cretaceous Smoky Hill Chalk, western Kansas Toxochelys is an extinct genus of marine turtle. Toxochelys had carapace about 90 centimeters. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Toxochelys belong to an extinct lineage of turtles transitional between modern sea turtles and other turtles.

†Plesiosaurs

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Plesiosaurs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Albertonectes

73.5 Ma Bearpaw Formation, Alberta. Albertonectes is a genus of very large elasmosaurid plesiosaur with an extremely long neck.
 
Albertonectes
 
Dolichorhynchops
 
Elasmosaurus
 
Styxosaurus
 
Terminonatator

Dolichorhynchops

Coniacian–Campanian North America Dolichorhynchops is an extinct genus of polycotylid plesiosaur.

Elasmosaurus

80.5 mya Pierre Shale, Kansas, USA Elasmosaurus is a genus of elasmosaurid plesiosaur with a very long neck.

Mauisaurus

77 mya New Zealand Mauisaurus is a dubious genus of elasmosaurid plesiosaur known from fragmentary remains.

Scanisaurus

Campanian, 80.5–75 mya Sweden; Russia Scanisaurus is a dubious genus of plesiosaur, most likely an elasmosaurid. It was relatively small and short necked compared to most elasmosaurids, sometimes been described as a "mesodiran" plesiosaur.

Styxosaurus

83.5–80.5 mya Logan County, Kansas Styxosaurus is a genus of large elasmosaurid plesiosaur.

Terminonatator

73.5 Ma Bearpaw Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada. Terminonatator is a genus of elasmosaurid plesiosaur.

†Choristoderans

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Choristoderans of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Champsosaurus

Campanian to Paleocene North America Champsosaurus is a genus of crocodile-like neochoristodere.
 
Champsosaurus natator

Crocodylomorphs

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Crocodylomorphs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Acynodon

  1. Acynodon adriaticus
  2. Acynodon iberoccitanus
Early Campanian – Late Maastrichtian 83.5–66 Ma Italy Initially placed within Alligatoridae but has since been reclassified as a more basal globidontan, the oldest and most primitive known to date. Recent studies have since resolved Acynodon as a basal eusuchian crocodylomorph, outside of the Crocodylia crown group, and a close relative to Hylaeochampsa.
 
Allodaposuchus precedens
 
Brachychampsa montana
 
Deinosuchus hatcheri
 
Deinosuchus riograndensis
 
Deinosuchus rugosus
 
Paralligator gradilifrons


Aigialosuchus

  1. Aigialosuchus villandensis
Early Campanian 83.5–80.5 mya Kristianstad Basin, Sweden A member of the extinct family Dyrosauridae, Aigialosaurus was a long- and narrow-snouted crocodylomorph. In contrast to modern crocodylians, which typically have long and slender teeth, the teeth of Aigialosuchus were stout and short.

Albertochampsa

  1. Albertochampsa langstoni
76.9–75.8 Ma Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A basal member of Globidonta, a group of alligatoroids more derived than Deinosuchus or Leidyosuchus that includes living alligators and caimans.

Agaresuchus

  1. Agaresuchus fontisensis
Late Campanian-Maastrichtian Spain A genus of average-sized basal eusuchian. Might be synonymous with its contemporary relative genus Allodaposuchus.

Allodaposuchus

  1. Allodaposuchus precedens
  2. Allodaposuchus iberoarmoricanus
84.9–66.043 Ma Spain and France, A genus of average-sized basal eusuchian, growing to around 3 m (9.8 ft) long. The main feature that distinguishes this species from other related crocodylomorphs is the orientation of a groove at the back of the skull called the cranioquadrate passage; unlike the cranioquadrate passages of other crocodylomorphs, which are only visible at the back of the skull, the cranioquadrate passage of this variety is visible when the skull is viewed from the side. The genus includes many species but it may be paraphyletic in regards to its contemporary relative genera Agaresuchus and Lohuecosuchus.

Artzosuchus

  1. Artzosuchus brachicephalus
Campanian Djadochta Formation, Mongolia Its classification beyond that of a basal crocodylomorph is indeterminant because of the fragmentary nature of the material associated with the genus.

Brachychampsa

  1. Brachychampsa montana
  2. †?Brachychampsa sealeyi
early Campanian to Danian Hell Creek Formation, Montana, USA A globidontan distinguished by an enlarged fourth maxillary tooth in the upper jaw.

Deinosuchus

  1. Deinosuchus hatcheri
  2. Deinosuchus riograndensis
  3. Deinosuchus rugosus
  4. Deinosuchus schwimmeri
82–73 Ma USA A basal alligatoroid and one of the largest crocodylomorphs that ever lived.

Denazinosuchus

  1. D. kirtlandicus
84.9–70.6 Ma USA Denazinosuchus is a genus of goniopholidid mesoeucrocodylian.

Gobiosuchus

  1. Gobiosuchus kielanae
Early Campanian 75–71 Ma Djadokhta Formation, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. A member of Gobiosuchidae, a family of late surviving but basal non-mesoeucrocodilian crocodyliforms.

Leidyosuchus

  1. Leidyosuchus canadensis
Middle Campanian Alberta A basal medium-sized alligatoroid.

Lohuecosuchus

  1. Lohuecosuchus megadontos
Late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Spain A genus of average-sized basal eusuchian. Might be synonymous with its contemporary relative genus Allodaposuchus.

Paralligator

  1. Paralligator gradilifrons
Late Cretaceous, ~96–70 Ma Nemegt Formation, Mongolia A paralligatorid mesoeucrocodylian.

Shamosuchus

  1. Shamosuchus djadochtaensis
83.6–72.1 mya Djadochta Formation, Mongolia A paralligatorid mesoeucrocodylian.

Zaraasuchus

  1. Zaraasuchus shepardi
Zos Canyon, Gobi Desert, Mongolia. A gobiosuchid.

†Pterosaurs

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Pterosaurs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Aerotitan

Campanian-Maastrichtian Allen Formation, Patagonia, Argentina A genus of moderately large azhdarchid pterosaurs.
 
Aerotitan
 
Nyctosaurus
 
Pteranodon

Bogolubovia

Rybushka Formation, Petrovsk, Russia A genus of moderately of medium to large sized azhdarchid pterosaurs.

Geosternbergia

USA, North America Geosternbergia was originally a species of Pteranodon and is famous for its oddly shaped crest.

Montanazhdarcho

Montana, USA Small azhdarchoid pterosaur, probably a tapejarid

Navajodactylus

New Mexico, USA, and Alberta, Canada Known primarily from forearm elements; tentatively assigned to Azhdarchidae, though most likely not part of it.

Nyctosaurus

mid-western United States Nyctosaurus is a genus of pteranodontian pterosaur in the family Nyctosauridae. Nyctosaurids are characterized by their lack of all but the wing finger which may suggest that it spent almost all of its time in the air, rarely walking on the ground.

Piksi

Montana, USA Piksi is a genus of pterosaurs containing the single species Piksi barbarulna.

Pteranodon

Kansas, USA, North America Pteranodon is a genus of pterosaurs which included some of the largest known flying reptiles, with wingspans over 6 metres

Volgadraco

Saratov, Russia A large pterosaur, either an azhdarchoid, a pteranodontid or a nyctosaurid.

†Dinosaurs

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During the Campanian age, a radiation among dinosaur species occurred. In North America, for example, the number of known dinosaur genera rises from 4 at the base of the Campanian to 48 in the upper part. This development is sometimes referred to as the "Campanian Explosion". However, it is not yet clear if the event is artificial, i.e. the low number of genera in the lower Campanian can be caused by a lower preservation chance for fossils in deposits of that age. The generally warm climates and large continental area covered in shallow sea during the Campanian probably favoured the dinosaurs. In the following Maastrichtian stage, the number of North American dinosaur genera found is 30% less than in the upper Campanian.[1]

†Ornithischia

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†Ankylosaurs

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Ankylosaurs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Aletopelta

Point Loma Formation, California, USA A medium-sized ankylosaurid, estimated to be around 6 m (20 ft) long.
 
Edmontonia
 
Euoplocephalus


 
Pinacosaurus

Antarctopelta

Santa Marta Formation, James Ross Island, Antarctica A stocky ankylosaur protected by armor plates embedded in the skin. Although a complete skeleton has not been found, the species is estimated to have reached a maximum length of 4 meters (13 feet). Displays characteristics of both ankylosaurids and nodosaurids.

Edmontonia

Campanian to Maastrichtian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada A bulky nodosaurid at roughly 6.6 m (22 ft) long. It had small, ridged bony plates on its back and many sharp spikes along its body sides. The four largest spikes jutted out from the shoulders on each side, two of which were split into subspines in some specimens. Its skull had a pear-like shape when viewed from above.

Euoplocephalus


Heishansaurus

A dubious ankylosaurid, possibly a synonym of Pinacosaurus.

Invictarx

78.5 mya Menefee Formation, New Mexico, USA A nodosaurid.

Nodocephalosaurus

Palaeoscincus

Judith River Formation known from a single tooth

Panoplosaurus

Judith River Formation, Alberta, Canada; Montana, USA A 5.5–7 m long nodosaurid.

Pinacosaurus

Saichania

Shanxia

[1]

Struthiosaurus

Tarchia

Tianzhenosaurus

Zuul

75 mya Judith River Formation, Montana, USA An ankylosaurine.

†Theskelosaurids

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Parksosaurids of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Albertadromeus

77–76 mya Oldman Formation Alberta, Canada[2] A close relative of the contemporary Orodromeus.[2]
 
Orodromeus

Koreanosaurus

81 mya Seonso Conglomerate, Boseong,[3] Korea Koreanosaurus was likely a burrowing dinosaur.[3] Unlike its orodromine relatives, Koreanosaurus is assumed to have been a quadruped.[4]. It reached 2–2.4 meters in body length.[5][6]

Orodromeus

76.7 mya Two Medicine Formation, Montana,[7] USA Orodromeus was a small fast bipedal herbivore that probably coexisted with dinosaurs such as Daspletosaurus and Einiosaurus.[7] Its length was estimated at 2.5 metres.[7]

†Ceratopsians

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Ceratopsians of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Achelousaurus

  1. Achelousaurus horneri
74.2 million years ago Glacier County, Two Medicine Formation, Montana, U.S.A. A highly derived centrosaurine ceratopsid in the tribe Pachyrhinosaurini.
 
Achelousaurus
 
Agujaceratops
 
Albertaceratops
 
Anchiceratops
 
Avaceratops
 
Bagaceratops
 
Brachyceratops
 
Breviceratops
 
Centrosaurus
 
Cerasinops
 
Chasmosaurus
 
Coahuilaceratops
 
Coronosaurus
 
Diabloceratops
 
Einiosaurus
 
Furcatoceratops
 
Graciliceratops
 
Judiceratops
 
Kosmoceratops
 
Lamaceratops
 
Machairoceratops
 
Medusaceratops
 
Menefeeceratops
 
Mercuriceratops
 
Micropachycephalosaurus
 
Nasutoceratops
 
Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai
 
Pentaceratops
 
Prenoceratops
 
Protoceratops
 
Rubeosaurus
 
Spinops
 
Styracosaurus
 
Terminocavus
 
Titanoceratops
 
Udanoceratops
 
Utahceratops
 
Vagaceratops
 
Xenoceratops
 
Yehuecauhceratops

Agujaceratops

  1. Agujaceratops mariscalensis
  2. Agujaceratops mavericus
77 million years ago Aguja Formation, Texas A chasmosaurine ceratopsid.

Albertaceratops

  1. Albertaceratops nesmoi
middle Campanian-age, 77.5 mya Oldman Formation, Alberta, Canada Its size has been estimated at 5.8 metres and 3,500 kg, it was a rather large centrosaurine.

Anchiceratops

  1. Anchiceratops ornatus
72–71 mya Horseshoe Canyon Formation, Alberta Anchiceratops ornatus was a medium-sized chasmosaurine with a distinctive frill. Fragmentary horn and frill remains from older Campanian formations in Alberta may indicate the existence of a second earlier species.

Avaceratops

  1. Avaceratops lammersi
Late Campanian Judith River Formation, Montana, USA A basal centrosaurine ceratopsid. The holotype was small for a ceratopsid but it might had been a juvenile.

Bagaceratops

  1. Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi
~72–71 mya Barun Goyot Formation and Bayan Mandahu Formation, Mongolia A rather small protoceratopsid.

Bainoceratops

  1. Bainoceratops efremovi
75–71 mya Djadochta Formation, Mongolia A small dubious ceratopsian with affinities to Udanoceratops or potentially a juvenile Protoceratops.

Brachyceratops

  1. Brachyceratops montanensis
74.5 Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA A dubious centrosaurine known only from partial juvenile specimens.

Breviceratops

  1. Breviceratops kozlowskii
Late Campanian Barun Goyot Formation, Mongolia A protoceratopsid known by a partial juvenile postcranial skeleton with skull.

Centrosaurus

  1. Centrosaurus apertus
76.5–75.5 mya Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A derived centrosaurine.

Cerasinops

  1. Cerasinops hodgskissi
Two Medicine Formation, Montana, USA A leptoceratopsid.

Ceratops

  1. Ceratops montanus

Chasmosaurus

  1. Chasmosaurus russelli
  1. Chasmosaurus belli

Coahuilaceratops

  1. Coahuilaceratops magnacuerna

Coronosaurus

  1. Coronosaurus brinkmani

Diabloceratops

  1. Diabloceratops eatoni
A basal centrosaurine.

?Dysganus

  1. Dysganus encaustus
  1. Dysganus bicarinatus
  1. Dysganus haydenianus
  1. Dysganus peiganus
79–74.9 mya All 4 named species are known from the Judith River Formation of Montana, USA A dubious genus of ceratopsid ceratopsians.

Einiosaurus

  1. Einiosaurus procurvicornis

Eoceratops

  1. Eoceratops canadensis

Furcatoceratops

  1. Furcatoceratops elucidans
~75.9–75.3 Judith River Formation, Montana, USA A basal centrosaurine known from a nearly complete disarticulated skeleton of a moderately-sized subadult.

Graciliceratops

  1. Graciliceratops mongoliensis

Gremlin

  1. Gremlin slobodorum
77 mya Oldman Formation, Alberta

Gryphoceratops

  1. Gryphoceratops morrisoni

Judiceratops

  1. Judiceratops tigris

Kosmoceratops

  1. Kosmoceratops richardsoni

Lamaceratops

  1. Lamaceratops tereschenkoi

Machairoceratops

  1. Machairoceratops cronusi
80.8 mya Aguja Formation, Texas A basal centrosaurine.

Magnirostris

  1. Magnirostris dodsoni

Medusaceratops

  1. Medusaceratops lokii
Middle Campanian, 77.5 Ma Judith River Formation, Montana, USA A centrosaurine originally thought to be a chasmosaurine.

Menefeeceratops

  1. Menefeeceratops sealeyi
83.5–80 mya Menefee Formation, New Mexico, USA The oldest recognized centrosaurine ceratopsid.

Mercuriceratops

  1. Mercuriceratops gemini

Micropachycephalosaurus

  1. Micropachycephalosaurus hongtuyanensis

Mojoceratops

  1. Mojoceratops perifania

Monoclonius

  1. Monoclonius crassus

Navajoceratops

  1. †Navajoceratops sullivani
75.0–73.4 mya Kirtland Formation, New Mexico, USA Navajoceratops was found to represent a stratigraphic and morphological intermediate between Pentaceratops and Anchiceratops. Navajoceratops was also found to be marginally less derived than Terminocavus.

Nasutoceratops

  1. Nasutoceratops titusi
Late Campanian, about 76.0–75.5 mya Upper Kaiparowits Formation, Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, Utah, United States. A basal centrosaurine. It had a pair of cattle-like horns above its eyes, the largest ones among Centrosaurinae.

?Notoceratops

  1. Notoceratops bonarellii
Late Cretaceous, ~77–66 mya Lago Colhué Huapí Formation, Chubut Province, Argentina A dubious genus of possible ceratopsian affinity

Pachyrhinosaurus

  1. Pachyrhinosaurus canadensis
  2. Pachyrhinosaurus lakustai

Pentaceratops

  1. Pentaceratops sternbergii

Platyceratops

  1. Platyceratops tatarinovi

Prenoceratops

  1. Prenoceratops pieganensis

Protoceratops

  1. Protoceratops andrewsi
  1. Protoceratops hellenikorhinus

Rubeosaurus

  1. Rubeosaurus ovatus

Spiclypeus

  1. Spiclypeus shipporum

Spinops

  1. Spinops sternbergorum

Styracosaurus

  1. Styracosaurus albertensis

Terminocavus

  1. Terminocavus sealeyi
75.0–74.6 mya Kirtland Formation, New Mexico, USA It was proposed that Terminocavus is a part of a long anagenetic lineage of chasmosaurs. The genera (in sequence) Utahceratops, Pentaceratops, Navajoceratops, Terminocavus, and Anchiceratops would, under this model, represent a single population of organisms changing in form over time, rather than as a diverse assemblage of close relatives.

Titanoceratops

  1. Titanoceratops ouranos
75 mya Southwestern USA A very large chasmosaurine, either a synonym and an exceptionally large individual of Pentaceratops sternbergii or a basal triceratopsin.

Udanoceratops

  1. Udanoceratops tschizhovi

Unescoceratops

  1. Unescoceratops koppelhusae

Utahceratops

  1. Utahceratops gettyi

Vagaceratops

  1. Vagaceratops irvinensis

Xenoceratops

  1. Xenoceratops foremostensis
79.5 mya Foremost Formation, Alberta A basal centrosaurine.

Yehuecauhceratops

  1. Yehuecauhceratops mudei
72 mya Coahuila, Aguja Formation, Mexico A centrosaurine.

†Pachycephalosaurs

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Pachycephalosaurs of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Colepiocephale

Middle Campanian,

80–77.5 mya

Foremost Formation, Alberta [8] Colepiocephale lambei is a domed pachycephalosaur characterized by the lack of a lateral and posteriosquamosal shelf, a steeply down-turned parietal, and the presence of two incipient nodes tucked under the posterior margin of the parietosquamosal border. [9]
 
Colepiocephale lambei
 
Goyocephale
 
Hanssuesia sternbergi
 
Homalocephale
 
Prenocephale
 
Sphaerotholus
 
Stegoceras
 
Tylocephale
 
Wannanosaurus yansiensis

Foraminacephale

Late Campanian,

75–73 Mya

Dinosaur Park Formation, Belly River Group, Alberta[10][11] Foraminacephale was a small to medium sized pachycephalosaur.[12]

Goyocephale

76 mya Boro Khovil, Djadochta Formation, Mongolia [13] Goyocephale is a primitive pachycephalosaurian, and was originally included in the family Homalocephalidae, which united the genus with Homalocephale[14], which also has a flat skull roof, however, many more recent phylogenetic analyses tend to find Homalocephalidae to be a paraphyletic family, with the genera included simply being consecutive branches sister to Pachycephalosauridae[15], or as consecutive branches within Pachycephalosauridae[11]. Goyocephale is distinguished from Homalocephale by its overall proportions, the shape of its supratemporal fenestra, and heterodont dentition, although the two share multiple features.

Gravitholus

Late Campanian,

75 mya

Belly River Group[16], Alberta There is some debate amongst paleontologists as to whether the animal represents a distinct genus, or if it is synonymous with Stegoceras[16]. Some recent publications indicate it may be a valid genus.

Hanssuesia

Campanian, 77.5–75 mya Belly River Group, Dinosaur Park Formation and Oldman Formation, Alberta; Judith River Formation, Montana[17] Distinguished from other pachycephalosaurs by having a depressed parietal region, wide frontoparietal dome, broad nasal characteristics, reduced prefontal lobes, and a reduced parietosquamosal shelf. A possible synonym of Stegoceras[16].

Homalocephale

Late Cretaceous Omnogov, Nemegt Formation, Mongolia[18] Sporting a flat, wedge-shaped skull roof, Homalocephale was different from other pachycephalosaurs.

Ornatotholus

Campanian Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta[19] Likely a synonym of Stegoceras.[20]

Prenocephale

Late Cretaceous Djadochta Formation, Mongolia It was similar in many ways to its close relative, Homalocephale but unlike the flattened wedge-shaped skull of later (a possible juvenile trait also potentially seen in early growth stages of Pachycephalosaurus), the head of Prenocephale was rounded and sloping.

Sphaerotholus

  1. S. goodwini
  2. S. edmontonensis
  3. S. lyonsi
Campanian to Maastrichtian

S. goodwini: Den-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation[21]

S. edmontonensis: Horseshoe Canyon Formation[22], Alberta

S. lyonsi: Dinosaur Park Formation[21], Alberta


A highly derived genus of pachycephalosaurs with multiple species.[21]

Stegoceras

  1. S. validum
  2. ?S. novomexicanum
~77.5–74 mya

S. validum: Dinosaur Park Formation and Oldman Formation, Alberta[23][16]

?S. novomexicanum: Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Formation, New Mexico[24]

A genus of medium to small sized basal pachycephalosaurid.[24][25][26][27]

Tylocephale

Late Campanian,

75–73 Mya

Barun Goyot Formation,[28][29] Mongolia Tylocephale was a medium-sized pachycephalosaur.[12]

Texacephale

77 mya Aguja Formation, Texas[30] A medium sized pachycephalosaur[30]. The cranial dome of Texacephale possessed five to six vertical flanges on each lateral side, connecting it with the postorbital bone.[31]

Wannanosaurus

Latest Campanian - Maastrichtian[32] Upper member of the Xiaoyan Formation, at the town of Yansi, Shexian County, Anhui Province[33] A genus of small basal pachycephalosaurian [33]. Despite being one of the smallest non-avian dinosaurs found [34] the fused bones in its skull suggest that it was an adult at death.[35].

†Ornithopods

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Ornithopods of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Acristavus

79 mya Two Medicine Formation in Montana and Wahweap Formation in Utah, United States[36] A genus of brachylophosaurin[36] hadrosaur.
 
Acristavus gagslarsoni
 
Adelolophus hutchisoni
 
Anasazisaurus horneri
 
Angulomastacator daviesi
 
Aralosaurus tuberiferus
 
Brachylophosaurus
 
Corythosaurus casuarius
 
Edmontosaurus regalis
 
Gasparinisaura
 
Gryposaurus notabilis
 
Hadrosaurus foulkii
 
Hypacrosaurus altispinus
 
Kritosaurus
 
Lambeosaurus lambei
 
Malefica
 
Maiasaura
 
Naashoibitosaurus ostromi
 
Nipponosaurus
 
Ornatops
 
Parasaurolophus walkeri
 
Probrachylophosaurus bergei
 
Prosaurolophus
 
Rhabdodon
 
Saurolophus angustirostris
 
Shantungosaurus
 
Tanius
 
Tsintaosaurus
 
Velafrons

Adelolophus

78 mya Wahweap Formation, Utah, US[37] A lambeosaurine, possibly closely related to Parasaurolophus[38].

Anasazisaurus

74 mya Kirtland Formation[39], New Mexico A saurolophine[40][41][42][43] hadrosaur, possibly a member of Saurolophini[44].

Angulomastacator

76.9 mya Upper Shale of Aguja Formation[45], Texas A lambeosaurine[46].

Aquilarhinus

Aguja Formation, Texas Formerly referred to Kritosaurus [47] or as a closely related saurolophine [48] it might be a much more basal hadrosaurid[41].

Aralosaurus

Upper Santonian-Lower Campanian boundary 85.8 mya[49] Bostobe Formation, Kazakhstan[50] A basal lambeosaurine hadrosaur,[50] Aralosaurus was about the size of an elephant. Although very little is known about Aralosaurus (only one near complete skull has been found); it was identified by a beak with nearly 1,000 small teeth in 30 rows. The back of an Aralosaurus skull was wide, a feature suggestive of large jaw muscles used to power its chewing apparatus[51].

Brachylophosaurus

81-76.7 mya[52] Montana, USA; Alberta, Canada[53] Brachylophosaurus was a basal saurolophine hadrosaur which reached an adult length of 9 meters (30 feet).[54][55] Some, depending on their age, had crests that covered nearly the entire skull roof, while others had shorter, narrower crests.[56]

Corythosaurus

77–75.7 mya Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta, Canada [57]Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).[58] A derived lambeosaurine.[59][60][61][62] C. casuarius reached 8 metres (26 ft) long and 2.8 metric tons (3.1 short tons) in weight and C. intermedius reached 7.7 metres (25 ft) in length and 2.5 metric tons (2.8 short tons) in weight.[63] A "morphologically adult-sized specimen" of C. casuarius measured approximately 9 metres (30 ft) long.[64]

Diclonius

75 mya Judith River Formation, Montana, USA A dubious genus of hadrosaur known only from dental fossils. [65]

Edmontosaurus

73–66 mya Horseshoe Canyon Formation, southern Alberta[66] Edmontosaurus, a saurolophine hadrosaur,[67][68][69] included some of the largest ornithischian species, measuring up to 12 metres (39 feet) long and weighing around 4.0 metric tons (4.4 short tons).[70][71][72] with a body mass on the order of 4 metric tons (4.4 short tons).[53]

Gasparinisaura

85 mya Cinco Saltos, Río Negro Province, Argentina[73] Gasparinisaura was a small ornithopod of the basal clade Elasmaria[74]. In 2010 Gregory S. Paul estimated the length at 1.7 metres, the weight at thirteen kilogrammes.[75]

Gilmoreosaurus

72 mya Mongolia A relatively large hadrosauromorph.

Gryposaurus

83–75.5 mya Alberta, Canada Gryposaurus was a saurolophine hadrosaur of typical size and shape.

Hadrosaurus

79.5 mya New Jersey, USA One of the most basal hadrosaurids and the namesake genus of the family. It was likely bipedal for the purposes of running, but could use its forelegs to support itself while feeding.

Hypacrosaurus

75-67 mya Alberta, Canada A derived lambeosaurine, Hypacrosaurus is most easily distinguished from other hollow-crested duckbills by its tall neural spines and the form of its crest. The neural spines, which project from the top of the vertebrae, are 5 to 7 times the height of the body of their respective vertebrae in the back,[4] which would have given it a tall back in profile. The skull's hollow crest is like that of Corythosaurus, but is more pointed along its top, not as tall, wider side to side, and has a small bony point at the rear

Hypsibema

North Carolina and Missouri, USA A large hadrosauroid known only by a couple of vertebrae.

Kritosaurus

73 mya North America The type specimen of Kritosaurus navajovius is only represented by a partial skull and lower jaws, and associated postcranial remains.

Lambeosaurus

76-75 mya Alberta, Canada A derived lambeosaurine hadrosaur[62], namesake genus of the subfamily.

Lophorhothon

80 mya Alabama, USA A genus of hadrosauromorphs.

Malefica

Aguja Formation, Texas A basal hadrosaur.

Maiasaura

76.7 mya Montana, USA Maiasaura was a large basal saurolophine hadrosaur, attaining an adult length of about 9 metres (30 feet) and had the typical hadrosaurid flat beak and a thick nose. It had a small, spiky crest in front of its eyes. The crest may have been used in headbutting contests between males during the breeding season.

Matheronodon

Late Campanian, 74–72 mya Grès à Reptiles Formation, France. A rhabdodontid.

Microhadrosaurus

China A possibly dubious genus of hadrosaur known by a partial lower jaw from a juvenile.

Mochlodon

Austria A rhabdodontid.

Naashoibitosaurus

73 mya New Mexico, USA Naashoibitosaurus, a saurolophine hadrosaur, based as it is on a single partial skeleton, is not well known in terms of anatomy. Its skull, the most thoroughly described portion, has a low nasal crest that peaks in front of the eyes, but does not strongly arch as in Gryposaurus.

Nipponosaurus

80 mya Sakhalin island A lambeosaurine hadrosaur known from subadult remains.

Ornatops

78 mya New Mexico, USA A genus of basal saurolophine hadrosaur.

Parasaurolophus

76.5–73 mya Alberta, Canada; New Mexico and Utah, USA A large derived lambeosaurine hadrosaur.

Probrachylophosaurus

79 mya Montana, USA; Alberta, Canada A large basal saurolophine hadrosaur which reached an adult length of over 9 meters (30 feet).

Prosaurolophus

76-75 mya Alberta, Canada Prosaurolophus was a large-headed duckbill; the most complete described specimen has a skull around 0.9 meters (3.0 feet) long on a ~8.5-meter long skeleton (~28 ft).[2] It had a small, stout, triangular crest in front of the eyes; the sides of this crest were concave, forming depressions. The upper arm was relatively short.

Pteropelyx

75 mya Montana, USA A dubious genus of lambeosaurine hadrosaurs. Historically, several species were assigned to it, all based on extremely fragmentary remains, but there is no evidence to support these assignments.

Rhabdodon

72 mya France; Spain; Haţeg Island, Romania[76] It is unclear whether it was an iguanodont or a hypsilophodont, and may be a "missing link" between the two. Current evidence indicates it is an iguanodont similar to Tenontosaurus.[76]

Saurolophus

69.5–68.5 mya North America, Asia Saurolophus is known from material including nearly complete skeletons, giving researchers a clear picture of its bony anatomy. S. osborni, the rarer Albertan species, was around 9.8 meters (32 feet) long, with its skull a meter long (3.3 feet). Its weight is estimated at 1.9 tonnes (2.1 tons). S. angustirostris, the Mongolian species, was larger; the type skeleton is roughly 12 meters (39 feet) long, and larger remains are reported.

Sektensaurus

~76–72 mya Lago Colhué Huapí Formation, Golfo San Jorge Basin, Patagonia, Argentina[77] A genus of ornithopod dinosaur, possibly an elasmarian. Sektensaurus is the first known non-hadrosauroid ornithopod of central Patagonia.[77]

Shantungosaurus

72 mya [78] China[79] A very large saurolophine hadrosaur closely related to Edmontosaurus[80], it is one of the longest and largest known hadrosaurids and possibly the largest non-sauropod dinosaur;[81][78][82] The largest individuals may have weighed as much as 16 tonnes (18 short tons).[53][83]

Stephanosaurus

76–75 mya Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur with a complicated taxonomic history.

Talenkauen

Campanian-Maastrichtian

76–70 mya

Austral Basin of Santa Cruz, Argentina.[84][85] A basal ornithopod in the clade Elasmaria.[86][74][87]Talenkauen was rather like Dryosaurus in shape and build, but with a proportionally longer neck. Unlike most of its smaller elasmarian relatives it was a medium sized ornithopd.[74][88]

Tanius

72–71 mya China A genus of hadrosauromorph dinosaur.

Trachodon

77 mya Montana, USA Trachodon is a dubious genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur based on teeth. Numerous species had been referred to this genus later reassigned to different genera or proven dubious.

Trinisaura

Late Campanian

73–72 mya

Snow Hill Island Formation, James Ross Island, Antarctica[89] Trinisaura is genus of small ornithopods, potentially a member of Elasmaria[74][90][91] or a Rhabdodontoidea[92].

Tsintaosaurus

72 mya Southern China A basal but relatively large lambeosaurine hadrosaur.

Velafrons

72 mya Mexico A large derived lambeosaurine.

†Sauropoda

edit
Sauropods of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Aeolosaurus

South America Lago Colhué Huapi Formation, Argentina A robust yet moderately sized derived titanosaur. Aelosaurus had a widespread distribution as its remains were found in multiple sites from South America.
 
Andesaurus
 
Dreadnoughtus
 
Huabeisaurus allocotus
 
Neuquensaurus
 
Saltasaurus, a later close relative of Neuquensaurus and Rocasaurus

Andesaurus

Neuquén Province, Argentina Andesaurus is a genus of basal titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur.

Argyrosaurus

Lago Colhué Huapi Formation, Argentina A moderately large basal titanosaur. Argyrosaurus is the only titanosaur known to possess carpals.

Dreadnoughtus

Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Argentina Dreadnoughtus is one of the largest titanosaurs known.

Gondwanatitan

Adamantina Formation and Cambabe Formation, Brazil A fairly small titanosaur, only 7 meters long, a close relative of Aeolosaurus.

Huabeisaurus

Cenomanian to Campanian [1] North East, China A titanosauriform sauropod, possibly a member of Euhelopodidae.[93]

Laplatasaurus

Allen Formation and Anacleto Formation, both in Argentina; Palacio Formation, Uruguay A rather large yet elegantly built titanosaur, potentially related to earlier lognkosaurs.

Microcoelus

Santonian-Campanian Bajo de la Carpa Formation, Argentina A dubious genus of small titanosaur, likely a saltasaurid, known from only a single dorsal vertebra.

Neuquensaurus

Anacleto Formation, Argentina Small-sized saltasaurid titanosaur very closely related to the Asian genus Saltasaurus.


Rocasaurus

Campanian-Maastrichtian Allen Formation, Rio Negro Province, Argentina As saltasaurid titanosaur closely related to the Asian genus Saltasaurus. At a length of only 8 meters it was one of the smallest known sauropods.

Theropoda

edit

David J. Varrichio observes that during the late Campanian Alberta and Montana had very similar theropods despite significant differences in the types of herbivorous dinosaur faunas.[94]


Non-avian theropods of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Abelisaurus

Allen Formation?, Anacleto Formation?, Argentina An abelisaurid ceratosaur that probably reached 7 to 9 meters in length; known from only one partial skull.
 
Abelisaurus
 
Appalachiosaurus
 
Archaeornithomimus
 
Bambiraptor
 
Carnotaurus
 
Citipati
 
Daspletosaurus
 
Dromaeosaurus
 
Gobivenator
 
Mahakala
 
Oviraptor
 
Pyroraptor
 
Saurornithoides
 
Shuvuuia
 
Struthiomimus altus
 
Teratophoneus
 
Tsaagan
 
Velociraptor

Appalachiosaurus

A derived tyrannosauroid.

Archaeornithomimus

An ornithomimid ornithomimosaur.

Bambiraptor

A small dromaeosaurid.

Bistahieversor

A large derived tyrannosauroid.

Byronosaurus

A troodontid

Caenagnathus

Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A caenagnathid oviraptorosaur.

Citipati

An oviraptorid oviraptorosaur.

Citipes

Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta An caenagnathid oviraptorosaur. It was substantially smaller than its contemporaneous relatives Caenagnathus and Chirostenotes.

Carnotaurus

A derived abelisaurid ceratosaur that probably reached 7 to 9 meters in length

Chirostenotes

Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta A caenagnathid oviraptorosaur.

Daspletosaurus

  1. Daspletosaurus torosus
  2. Daspletosaurus wilsoni
  3. Daspletosaurus horneri
  4. Daspletosaurus sp.
A genus of large and robustly built tyrannosaurines.

Deinodon

Judith River Formation A dubious tyrannosaurid known from tooth remains.

Dromaeosaurus

A small to medium-sized dromaeosaurid maniraptoran theropod with a sickle-like claw.

Dromiceiomimus

An ornithomimid ornithomimosaur.

Dryptosaurus

A derived tyrannosaur.

Dynamoterror

78 mya Menefee Formation, New Mexico, USA A large basal tyrannosaurine.

Gobivenator

A troodontid

Gorgosaurus

An albertosaurine tyrannosaurid.

Harpymimus

A basal ornithomimosaur.

Khaan

An oviraptorid oviraptorosaur.

Kol

An alvarezsaurid.

Labocania

A large robust theropod of uncertain affinities, possibly a tyrannosaur.

Leptorhynchos

A caenagnathid oviraptorosaur.

Linheraptor

A dromaeosaurid.

Lythronax

Wahweap Formation, Utah A 7-meter tyrannosaurine known from a partially complete skull, some vertebrae and a complete pubis

Luanchuanraptor

A dromaeosaurid.

Mahakala

A small halszkaraptorine maniraptoran.

Nanshiungosaurus

A relatively large-bodied therizinosaurid.

Noasaurus

A small derived ceratosaur.

Ornithomimus

An ornithomimid ornithomimosaur.

Oviraptor

Mongolia Oviraptor is an oviraptorid oviraptorosaur in the subfamily Oviraptorinae.

Parvicursor

An alvarezsaur.

Pyroraptor

Var, France A small dromaeosaurid.

Richardoestesia

A coelurosaur form taxon known only from teeth and lower jaw fragments.

Saurornithoides

A troodontid.

Saurornitholestes

A dromaeosaurid.

Shuvuuia

An alvarezsaur.

Struthiomimus

An ornithomimid ornithomimosaur.

Teratophoneus

A basal tyrannosaurine.

Thanatotheristes

A close relative of Daspletosaurus.

Troodon

A troodontid.

Tsaagan

A dromaeosaurid.

Variraptor

Var, France A dromaeosaurid.

Velociraptor

Mongolia and China A dromaeosaurid.

Zhuchengtyrannus

Wangshi Group, Zhucheng, China One of the largest tyrannosaurids at between 10 and 12 meters. Known from a lower jaw and maxilla slightly smaller than those of the later Tyrannosaurus.

Avialae

edit
Birds of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Alexornis

A genus of enantiornithine birds of uncertain affinities.
 
Gargantuavis
 
Hesperornis
 
Hollanda
 
Ichthyornis

Apatornis

A genus of basal ornithuran birds.

Apsaravis

A genus of basal ornithuromorph birds.

Baptornis

A genus of flightless hesperornithiform birds.

Brodavis

A genus of freshwater hesperornithiform birds. Although Hesperornithes probably lost their flight abilities by the end of the Early Cretaceous, minimal pachyostosis in Brodavis suggests the possibility of some volant abilities.

Canadaga

A genus of flightless hesperornithid birds.

Castignovolucris

An enantiornithe of uncertain affinities. It was estimated to have a wingspan of around 127–185 cm and may have been 75 to 110 cm long when fully grown, making it one of the largest known enantiornitheans to date.

Cretaaviculus

~85 mya Bostobe Formation, Kazakhstan An extinct genus of birds. The type species, C. sarysuensis, is known only from an isolated, asymmetrical contour feather

Elsornis

Elsornis is a genus of basal enantiornithine birds. It was flightless or nearly so.

Gargantuavis

A genus of large, primitive and potentially flightless avialan.

Gettyia

An avisaurid enantiornithe, previously thought to be a species of the later closely related Maastrichtian genus Avisaurus.

Gobipteryx

A genus of euenantiornithine enantiornithe. It possessed a robust beak which convergently evolved with those of modern birds.

Halimornis

A genus of avisaurid enantiornithe. It lived in a coastal environment.

Hesperornis

A genus of flightless hesperornithid birds.

Hollanda

A genus of small ground birds. It was either an enantiornithe or a basal ornithuromorph.

Ichthyornis

A genus of toothy seabird-like ornithuran.

Intiornis

A genus of avisaurid enantiornithe. Although closely related to some of the largest avisaurids, members of this genus were very small birds.

Maaqwi

Latest Campanian Northumberland Formation, British Columbia, Canada. A genus of large marine diving vegaviid bird with an estimated body mass of 1.5 kg.

Mirarce

A genus of avisaurid enantiornithes, closely related to the later genus Avisaurus.

Limenavis

Limenavis is the closest known relative of modern birds.

Neogaeornis wetzeli

A marine bird from Chile. It had the midfeet of a foot-propelled diving bird, but its relationships are enigmatic. The only known species is from the Campanian-Maastrichtian boundary.

Yandangornis

A genus of basal long-tailed avialan. May potentially be a non-avialan genus of theropod.

Mammals

edit
Mammals of the Campanian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Alphadon

Late Cretaceous North America A marsupialiform metatherian.

Eodelphis

A marsupialiform metatherian.

Kamptobaatar

Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia A multituberculate allotherian.

Kennalestes

Bayan Mandahu Formation and Djadokhta Formation, Mongolia An insectivorous leptictid eutherian.

Kryptobaatar

Also known as Gobibaatar[95] or Tugrigbaatar.[96] It's a multituberculate allotherian.

Zalambdalestes

Type genus of Zalambdalestidae, a basal clade of Asian eutherians.

See also

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  1. ^ a b c See Weishampel et al. (2004) Cite error: The named reference "Weishampel2004" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ a b Brown, C. M.; Evans, D. C.; Ryan, M. J.; Russell, A. P. (2013). "New data on the diversity and abundance of small-bodied ornithopods (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 495. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.746229. S2CID 129160518.
  3. ^ a b Min Huh; Dae-Gil Lee; Jung-Kyun Kim; Jong-Deock Lim; Pascal Godefroit (2011). "A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of South Korea" (PDF). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 259 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2010/0102.
  4. ^ Fearon, J.L.; Varricchio, D.J. (2015). "Morphometric analysis of the forelimb and pectoral girdle of the Cretaceous ornithopod dinosaur Oryctodromeus cubicularis and implications for digging". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (4): e936555. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.936555.
  5. ^ Huh, M.; Kim, J.G. (2010). "Koreanosaurus boseongensis" (in Korean). 한국고생물학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회. pp. 21–26.
  6. ^ Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012). Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages (PDF). Winter 2011 Appendix
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