User:Don Lope/Sandbox US Open

Swiss Roger Federer won an Open Era record five consecutive titles at the US Open between 2004 and 2008.

The US Open^[a] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881 and played on outdoor hard courts^[b] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, New York City, United States. The men's singles was the first event contested in 1881. The US Open is played during two weeks in late August, early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.

Newport (1881–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) all held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City. The inaugural tournament, in 1881, was reserved to United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) clubs members, before the championships opened to international competition.

The men's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1884 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition. Since 1881, all matches but the All-Comers final and the challenge round were played at the best-of-three sets, before the event switched to best-of-five for all rounds in 1886. Best-of-three sets matches were reintroduced for early rounds in 1917, from 1943 to 1945, and from 1975 to 1978. Before 1884, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969. The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975. The court surface changed twice, from grass (1881–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with his name. In 2008, the winner received prize money of $1,500,000. A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also offered to US Open champions having clinched the first place of the US Open Series.

Richard Sears (winner, 1881–1887), William Larned (winner, 1901–1902, 1907–1911) and Bill Tilden (winner, 1920–1925, 1929) hold the all-time record for most titles in the men's singles with seven victories each. Four of Sears' wins and all of Larned's, however, came within the challenge round format, and they won respectively only thrice and twice after going through a complete draw. Sears also holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with seven from 1881 to 1887. Without the challenge round, the record stands at six, and is held by Tilden (1920–1925).

Champions

William Larned took seven titles at the event.

Maurice McLoughlin won the first editions outside of the challenge round system, in 1912 and 1913.

Richard Norris Williams won two titles at the event.

René Lacoste won twice in 1926 and 1927.

Pancho Gonzales titled in 1948 and 1949.

Ken Rosewall won as an amateur in 1956 and as a professional in 1970.

A man dressed in white, with shorts and a polo shirt, with a wooden racket in his left hand, bends his knees in front of a tennis net, on a grass court

Grand Slam winner Rod Laver titled twice in New York City.

Jimmy Connors won the US Open five times.

John McEnroe won four of his seven Grand Slams in New York City.

Pete Sampras took five titles in New York City.

Regular competition

USNLTA clubs members only event *

All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡

Defending champion, Challenge round winner †

All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

Year[c]	Country	Champion	Country	Runner-up	Score in the final
1881	USA	Richard Sears *	USA	William Glyn	6–0, 6–3, 6–2
1882	USA	Richard Sears	USA	Clarence Clark	6–1, 6–4, 6–0
1883	USA	Richard Sears	USA	James Dwight	6–2, 6–0, 9–7
1884	USA	Richard Sears †	USA	Howard Taylor	6–0, 1–6, 6–0, 6–2
1885	USA	Richard Sears †	USA	Godfrey Brinley	6–3, 4–6, 6–0, 6–3
1886	USA	Richard Sears †	USA	Robert Livingston Beeckman	4–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–4
1887	USA	Richard Sears †	USA	Henry Slocum	6–1, 6–3, 6–2
1888	USA	Henry Slocum ◊	USA	Howard Taylor	6–4, 6–1, 6–0
1889	USA	Henry Slocum †	USA	Quincy Shaw	6–3, 6–1, 4–6, 6–2
1890	USA	Oliver Campbell ‡	USA	Henry Slocum	6–2, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1
1891	USA	Oliver Campbell †	USA	Clarence Hobart	2–6, 7–5, 7–9, 6–1, 6–2
1892	USA	Oliver Campbell †	USA	Frederick Hovey	7–5, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1893	USA	Robert Wrenn ◊	USA	Frederick Hovey	6–4, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4
1894	USA	Robert Wrenn †	USA	Manliff Goodbody	6–8, 6–1, 6–4, 6–4
1895	USA	Frederick Hovey ‡	USA	Robert Wrenn	6–3, 6–2, 6–4
1896	USA	Robert Wrenn ‡	USA	Frederick Hovey	7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 1–6, 6–1
1897	USA	Robert Wrenn †	GBR	Wilberforce Eaves	4–6, 8–6, 6–3, 2–6, 6–2
1898	USA	Malcolm Whitman ◊	USA	Dwight Davis	3–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1
1899	USA	Malcolm Whitman †	USA	Jahial Parmly Paret	6–1, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5
1900	USA	Malcolm Whitman †	USA	William Larned	6–4, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2
1901	USA	William Larned ◊	USA	Beals Wright	6–2, 6–8, 6–4, 6–4
1902	USA	William Larned †	GBR	Reginald Doherty	4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 8–6
1903	GBR	Lawrence Doherty ‡	USA	William Larned	6–0, 6–3, 10–8
1904	USA	Holcombe Ward ◊	USA	William Clothier	10–8, 6–4, 9–7
1905	USA	Beals Wright ‡	USA	Holcombe Ward	6–2, 6–1, 11–9
1906	USA	William Clothier ‡	USA	Beals Wright	6–3, 6–0, 6–4
1907	USA	William Larned ◊	USA	Robert LeRoy	6–2, 6–2, 6–4
1908	USA	William Larned †	USA	Beals Wright	6–1, 6–2, 8–6
1909	USA	William Larned †	USA	William Clothier	6–1, 6–2, 5–7, 1–6, 6–1
1910	USA	William Larned †	USA	Tom Bundy	6–1, 5–7, 6–0, 6–8, 6–1
1911	USA	William Larned †	USA	Maurice McLoughlin	6–4, 6–4, 6–2
1912	USA	Maurice McLoughlin	USA	Wallace Johnson	3–6, 2–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–2
1913	USA	Maurice McLoughlin	USA	Richard Norris Williams	6–4, 5–7, 6–3, 6–1
1914	USA	Richard Norris Williams	USA	Maurice McLoughlin	6–3, 8–6, 10–8
1915	USA	Bill Johnston	USA	Maurice McLoughlin	1–6, 6–0, 7–5, 10–8
1916	USA	Richard Norris Williams	USA	Bill Johnston	4–6, 6–4, 0–6, 6–2, 6–4
1917	USA	Lindley Murray[d]	USA	Nathaniel Niles	5–7, 8–6, 6–3, 6–3
1918	USA	Lindley Murray	USA	Bill Tilden	6–3, 6–1, 7–5
1919	USA	Bill Johnston	USA	Bill Tilden	6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1920	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Bill Johnston	6–1, 1–6, 7–5, 5–7, 6–3
1921	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Wallace Johnson	6–1, 6–3, 6–1
1922	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Bill Johnston	4–6, 3–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–4
1923	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Bill Johnston	6–4, 6–1, 6–4
1924	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Bill Johnston	6–1, 9–7, 6–2
1925	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Bill Johnston	4–6, 11–9, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3
1926	FRA	René Lacoste	FRA	Jean Borotra	6–4, 6–0, 6–4
1927	FRA	René Lacoste	USA	Bill Tilden	11–9, 6–3, 11–9
1928	FRA	Henri Cochet	USA	Francis Hunter	4–6, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 6–3
1929	USA	Bill Tilden	USA	Francis Hunter	3–6, 6–3, 4–6, 6–2, 6–4
1930	USA	John Doeg	USA	Francis Shields	10–8, 1–6, 6–4, 16–14
1931	USA	Ellsworth Vines	USA	George Lott	7–9, 6–3, 9–7, 7–5
1932	USA	Ellsworth Vines	FRA	Henri Cochet	6–4, 6–4, 6–4
1933	GBR	Fred Perry	AUS	Jack Crawford	6–3, 11–13, 4–6, 6–0, 6–1
1934	GBR	Fred Perry	USA	Wilmer Allison	6–4, 6–3, 1–6, 8–6
1935	USA	Wilmer Allison	USA	Sidney Wood	6–2, 6–2, 6–3
1936	GBR	Fred Perry	USA	Don Budge	2–6, 6–2, 8–6, 1–6, 10–8
1937	USA	Don Budge	GER	Gottfried von Cramm	6–1, 7–9, 6–1, 3–6, 6–1
1938	USA	Don Budge	USA	Gene Mako	6–3, 6–8, 6–2, 6–1
1939	USA	Bobby Riggs	USA	Welby Van Horn	6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1940	USA	Don McNeill	USA	Bobby Riggs	4–6, 6–8, 6–3, 6–3, 7–5
1941	USA	Bobby Riggs	USA	Frank Kovacs	5–7, 6–1, 6–3, 6–3
1942	USA	Ted Schroeder	USA	Frank Parker	8–6, 7–5, 3–6, 4–6, 6–2
1943	USA	Joseph Hunt	USA	Jack Kramer	6–3, 6–8, 10–8, 6–0
1944	USA	Frank Parker	USA	Bill Talbert	6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3
1945	USA	Frank Parker	USA	Bill Talbert	14–12, 6–1, 6–2
1946	USA	Jack Kramer	USA	Tom Brown	9–7, 6–3, 6–0
1947	USA	Jack Kramer	USA	Frank Parker	4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 6–3
1948	USA	Pancho Gonzales	RSA	Eric Sturgess	6–2, 6–3, 14–12
1949	USA	Pancho Gonzales	USA	Ted Schroeder	16–18, 2–6, 6–1, 6–2, 6–4
1950	USA	Arthur Larsen	USA	Herbert Flam	6–3, 4–6, 5–7, 6–4, 6–3
1951	AUS	Frank Sedgman	USA	Vic Seixas	6–4, 6–1, 6–1
1952	AUS	Frank Sedgman	USA	Gardnar Mulloy	6–1, 6–2, 6–3
1953	USA	Tony Trabert	USA	Vic Seixas	6–3, 6–2, 6–3
1954	USA	Vic Seixas	AUS	Rex Hartwig	3–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–4
1955	USA	Tony Trabert	AUS	Ken Rosewall	9–7, 6–3, 6–3
1956	AUS	Ken Rosewall	AUS	Lew Hoad	4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–3
1957	AUS	Malcolm Anderson	AUS	Ashley Cooper	10–8, 7–5, 6–4
1958	AUS	Ashley Cooper	AUS	Malcolm Anderson	6–2, 3–6, 4–6, 10–8, 8–6
1959	AUS	Neale Fraser	USA	Alex Olmedo	6–3, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4
1960	AUS	Neale Fraser	AUS	Rod Laver	6–4, 6–4, 9–7
1961	AUS	Roy Emerson	AUS	Rod Laver	7–5, 6–3, 6–2
1962	AUS	Rod Laver	AUS	Roy Emerson	6–2, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
1963	MEX	Rafael Osuna	USA	Frank Froehling	7–5, 6–4, 6–2
1964	AUS	Roy Emerson	AUS	Fred Stolle	6–4, 6–2, 6–4
1965	ESP	Manuel Santana	RSA	Cliff Drysdale	6–2, 7–9, 7–5, 6–1
1966	AUS	Fred Stolle	AUS	John Newcombe	4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1967	AUS	John Newcombe	USA	Clark Graebner	4–6, 12–10, 6–3, 6–4
1968	USA	Arthur Ashe[e]	NED	Tom Okker	14–12, 5–7, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3
1969	AUS	Rod Laver	AUS	Tony Roche	7–9, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2
1970	AUS	Ken Rosewall	AUS	Tony Roche	2–6, 6–4, 7–6(5–2), 6–3
1971	USA	Stan Smith	TCH	Jan Kodeš	3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6(5–3)
1972	ROU	Ilie Năstase	USA	Arthur Ashe	3–6, 6–3, 6–7(1–5), 6–4, 6–3
1973	AUS	John Newcombe	TCH	Jan Kodeš	6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1974	USA	Jimmy Connors	AUS	Ken Rosewall	6–1, 6–0, 6–1
1975	ESP	Manuel Orantes	USA	Jimmy Connors	6–4, 6–3, 6–3
1976	USA	Jimmy Connors	SWE	Björn Borg	6–4, 3–6, 7–6(11–9), 6–4
1977	ARG	Guillermo Vilas	USA	Jimmy Connors	2–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4), 6–0
1978	USA	Jimmy Connors	SWE	Björn Borg	6–4, 6–2, 6–2
1979	USA	John McEnroe	USA	Vitas Gerulaitis	7–5, 6–3, 6–3
1980	USA	John McEnroe	SWE	Björn Borg	7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–7(5–7), 5–7, 6–4
1981	USA	John McEnroe	SWE	Björn Borg	4–6, 6–2, 6–4, 6–3
1982	USA	Jimmy Connors	TCH	Ivan Lendl	6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4
1983	USA	Jimmy Connors	TCH	Ivan Lendl	6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–5, 6–0
1984	USA	John McEnroe	TCH	Ivan Lendl	6–3, 6–4, 6–1
1985	TCH	Ivan Lendl	USA	John McEnroe	7–6(7–1), 6–3, 6–4
1986	TCH	Ivan Lendl	TCH	Miloslav Mečíř	6–4, 6–2, 6–0
1987	TCH	Ivan Lendl	SWE	Mats Wilander	6–7(7–9), 6–0, 7–6(7–4), 6–4
1988	SWE	Mats Wilander	TCH	Ivan Lendl	6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4
1989	FRG	Boris Becker	TCH	Ivan Lendl	7–6(7–2), 1–6, 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
1990	USA	Pete Sampras	USA	Andre Agassi	6–4, 6–3, 6–2
1991	SWE	Stefan Edberg	USA	Jim Courier	6–2, 6–4, 6–0
1992	SWE	Stefan Edberg	USA	Pete Sampras	3–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5), 6–2
1993	USA	Pete Sampras	FRA	Cédric Pioline	6–4, 6–4, 6–3
1994	USA	Andre Agassi	GER	Michael Stich	6–1, 7–6(7–5), 7–5
1995	USA	Pete Sampras	USA	Andre Agassi	6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5
1996	USA	Pete Sampras	USA	Michael Chang	6–1, 6–4, 7–6(7–3)
1997	AUS	Patrick Rafter	GBR	Greg Rusedski	6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5
1998	AUS	Patrick Rafter	AUS	Mark Philippoussis	6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0
1999	USA	Andre Agassi	USA	Todd Martin	6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(2–7), 6–3, 6–2
2000	RUS	Marat Safin	USA	Pete Sampras	6–4, 6–3, 6–3
2001	AUS	Lleyton Hewitt	USA	Pete Sampras	7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–1
2002	USA	Pete Sampras	USA	Andre Agassi	6–3, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4
2003	USA	Andy Roddick	ESP	Juan Carlos Ferrero	6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3
2004	SUI	Roger Federer	AUS	Lleyton Hewitt	6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0
2005	SUI	Roger Federer	USA	Andre Agassi	6–3, 2–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–1
2006	SUI	Roger Federer	USA	Andy Roddick	6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1
2007	SUI	Roger Federer	SRB	Novak Ðoković	7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4
2008	SUI	Roger Federer	GBR	Andy Murray	6–2, 7–5, 6–2

Statistical information

A grass court match in Newport during the 1911 U.S. National Championships

Arthur Ashe Stadium has been the tournament's main court since 1997

The main court during a 2008 quarterfinal encounter between Roddick and Ðoković.

The American flag unfolded during the 2008 US Open opening ceremonies

Roger Federer holding the men's singles champion's trophy after his 2008 victory

Photographers shooting 2007 champion Roger Federer with the US Open trophy

Multiple champions

USNLTA clubs members only event

Title defended in the challenge round

Active player +

Player	Amateur Era	Open Era	All-time	Years
William Larned (USA)	7	0	7	1901, 1902, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1910, 1911
Richard Sears (USA)	7	0	7	1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887
Bill Tilden (USA)	7	0	7	1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1929
Jimmy Connors (USA)	0	5	5	1974, 1976, 1978, 1982, 1983
Roger Federer (SUI) +	0	5	5	2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008
Pete Sampras (USA)	0	5	5	1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 2002
John McEnroe (USA)	0	4	4	1979, 1980, 1981, 1984
Robert Wrenn (USA)	4	0	4	1893, 1894, 1896, 1897
Oliver Campbell (USA)	3	0	3	1890, 1891, 1892
Ivan Lendl (TCH)	0	3	3	1985, 1986, 1987
Fred Perry (GBR)	3	0	3	1933, 1934, 1936
Malcolm Whitman (USA)	3	0	3	1898, 1899, 1900
Andre Agassi (USA)	0	2	2	1994, 1999
Don Budge (USA)	2	0	2	1937, 1938
Stefan Edberg (SWE)	0	2	2	1991, 1992
Roy Emerson (AUS)	2	0	2	1961, 1964
Neale Fraser (AUS)	2	0	2	1959, 1960
Pancho Gonzales (USA)	2	0	2	1948, 1949
Bill Johnston (USA)	2	0	2	1915, 1919
Jack Kramer (USA)	2	0	2	1946, 1947
René Lacoste (FRA)	2	0	2	1926, 1927
Rod Laver (AUS)	1	1	2	1962, 1969
Maurice McLoughlin (USA)	2	0	2	1912, 1913
Lindley Murray (USA)	2	0	2	1917, 1918
John Newcombe (AUS)	1	1	2	1967, 1973
Frank Parker (USA)	2	0	2	1944, 1945
Patrick Rafter (AUS)	0	2	2	1997, 1998
Bobby Riggs (USA)	2	0	2	1939, 1941
Ken Rosewall (AUS)	1	1	2	1956, 1970
Frank Sedgman (AUS)	2	0	2	1951, 1952
Henry Slocum (USA)	2	0	2	1888, 1889
Tony Trabert (USA)	2	0	2	1953, 1955
Ellsworth Vines (USA)	2	0	2	1931, 1932
Richard Norris Williams (USA)	2	0	2	1914, 1916

Champions by country

Former country ¤

Country	Amateur Era	Open Era	All-time	First title	Last title
United States (USA)	66	19	85	1881	2003
Australia (AUS)	12	6	18	1951	2001
Switzerland (SUI)	0	5	5	2004	2008
United Kingdom (UK/GBR)[f]	4	0	4	1903	1936
Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[g]	0	3	3	1985	1987
France (FRA)	3	0	3	1926	1928
Sweden (SWE)	0	3	3	1988	1992
Spain (ESP)	1	1	2	1965	1975
Argentina (ARG)	0	1	1	1977	1977
Germany (GER)[h]	0	1	1	1989	1989
Mexico (MEX)	1	0	1	1963	1963
Romania (ROU)	0	1	1	1972	1972
Russia (RUS)	0	1	1	2000	2000

Notes

• ^a Known as the U.S. National Championships during the Amateur Era.
• ^b The US Open specifically uses DecoTurf hard courts, categorized as a "Medium" speed surface by the International Tennis Federation (ITF).
• ^c Each year is linked to an article about that particular event's draw.
• ^d The 1917 U.S. National Championships, taking place during World War I, were held as a National Patriotic Tournament awarding no prize to the winner.
• ^e The tournament entered the Open Era with the 1968 edition, allowing professional players to compete alongside amateurs.
• ^f All four wins by players from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922).
• ^g Czechoslovakia (TCH, 1918–1992), evolved into Czech Republic (CZE, 1992–present) and Slovakia (SVK, 1992–present).
• ^h One win by a player from West Germany (FRG, 1949–1990).

References

General

• "History > Men's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
• "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.

Specific

External links

• US Open official website