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{{Regions of Haiti}}

Regions or Commonwealth of Haiti (English) Konbit d'Ayiti (Ayisyen) Régions d'Haiti (French) Región de Haití (Spanish)
Category	Country in the Caribbean
Location	Republic of Haiti
Number	4 regions
Populations	more than 12 millions
Areas	27 800 km2
Government	Federated States
Subdivisions	Departments

Haiti is divided into four regions. All four regions are further subdivised into ten departments. Regions have no administrative power in Haiti under the current Constitution, altho federalism is a growing subject in the Haitian social, economical and political sphere.

Overview

The Republic of Haiti is separated into 4 regions:

• The Marien (Maryen : Haitian Creole)or Nothern Region
  • Composed of the departments along the Atlantic Ocean such as Nord-Ouest, Nord, and Nord-Est
• The Artibonite (Latibonit : Haitian Creole)or Central Region
  • Composed of the departments along the Artibonite River such as Artibonite and Centre
• The Gonave-Azuei (Gonavazwey : Haitian Creole)Region or Western Region;
  • Composed of the departments along the Gulf of Gonave such as the West
• The Xaragua (Ksaragoàn : Haitian Creole)or Southern Region;
  • Composed of the departments along the Caribbean Sea such as the Nippes, Grand'Anse, Sud, and Sud-Est

Etymology

Traditionally each region is reffered to by the geographical position such as North, West or South. Those regions are to officially be renamed after a Taino kasika like Marien and Xaragua or a Taino settlement like Artibonite and Gonave-Azuei.

The term konbit is Haitian Creole referring to a cooperative communal labor, it is the bases of Haitian farmer working system. In this context it refers to multiple departments forming a union for legislative and economical success.

Description

Administrative regions can also be seen as developed regions and are to be used to organize the delivery of provincial government services and coordinate the different departments which share common topographic realities, economical opportunities, and cultural values.

Copia de Cacicazgos de la Hispaniola

Administrative Regions

The capitals or chef-lieu régional are carefully chosen to match historical realities and outside of the economic center of the regions to lower the risk of corruption.

The District of Port-au-Prince should have special status as the country's capital.

Region	Population	Capital	Biggest city	Land area (km2)	Other notable cities
Marien	2 399 422	Milot	Cap-Haitian	5690	Fort-Liberté, Ouanaminthes, Port-de-Paix, Mole-Saint-Nicolas
Artibonite	2 755 573	Dessalines	Gonaives	8266	St-Marc, Petite-Riviere, Hinche, Mirebalais
Gonave-Azuei	3 769 614	Port-au-Prince	Port-au-Prince	4650	Arcahaie, Croix-des-Bouquets, Carrefour, Pétionville, Léogane, Petit-Goave
Xaragua	2 218 403	Platons	Les Cayes	7532	Miragoanes, Jacmel, Jeremi

Precedence

Although Haiti's government is modeled after France as a unitary republic with a bicameral parliament system, many events in the country's history suggest that its government should instead be a federation.

Taino Period

The administrative task of the Taino was split between the five chiefdoms of Ayiti.

French Period

The colony followed the unitary system, the tasks were split between a governor representing the king of France and the vice-intendant in charge of internal affairs. The colony was divided into 3 big departments.

Although the colony had its own assembly no decision could be taken with Metropol France having the last word.

Haitian Period

With the Constitution of 1805, Hayti was a centralized monarchy distributed into 6 division-militaire but articles 15 to 17 granted each one certain level of autonomy but rallying them under the Empire.

After 1806 the country was formally separated into 4 states each one having:

Flag	Type	Region	Name	Government	Leader	Capital	Constitution	Military command	Law	Legislative body	Higher learning
Royal Flag of Haiti (1811–1814)	de-jure	North	Kingdom of Hayti	Monarchy	Henry, Henry 1st, Christophe	Milot	Royal Constitution of 1811	Royal Dahomey	Code Henry	État Major	Royal Academy
Flag of Haiti (civil)	de-jure	West	Republic of Hayti	Republic	Alexandre Pétion	Port-au-Prince	Constitution of 1806, 1811	Armée	Code Rurale	Sénat	Académie de Port-au-Prince and Lycée Nationale
Flag of Haiti (civil)	de-facto	South	Meridionnal Republic of Hayti	Republic	André Rigaud	Les Cayes	-	-	-	-	-	-
Flag of Haiti (1964–1986, civil)	de-facto	Grand'Anse	the Grand'Anse	Monarchy-Lakou	Goman	Grand-Doco	-	-	-	-	-	-

Later on during the Salnave Civil War the country was then again split into 3 de-facto states with Nissage Saget in the North, Sylvain Salnave in the West, and Michel Domingue in the South.

Context

Many Haitian scholars have hinted at a federation for Haiti with suggestions ranging from the federations of the Arrondissement to the federation of Departments. These suggestions are not seriously debated in the Haitian Parliament.

In 2022 Haiti is yet again at a crossroads with

• no president
• Constitutional vacuum with multiple President and Senator pointing it as a source of instability
• Political and Economic groups involved in gang activities
• The main arteries extending from Port-au-Prince are cut isolating it and triggering some sentiments of regionalism.

Federation and Konbitism

See also

• Administrative divisions of Haiti
• Government of Haiti
• Departments of Haiti
• Geography of Haiti
• List of federated states