Lamivudine/zidovudine
editSections to add into the wiki page:
Medical Uses
editThe combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine is comprised two nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).[1] It is marketed as a fixed dose combo formulation under the brand name Combivir, which is FDA approved to be used in combination with an additional antiretroviral agent for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. [2]
Pregnancy
editIt is pregnancy category C in the United States, meaning there are potential risks to the fetus during pregnancy, but potential benefits may outweigh the risks.[3]
Adverse Effects
editThe most common adverse effects of Lamividine/zidovudine are similar to other NRTI's and includes headache, neutropenia, anemia, nausea, vomiting, myopathy and nail pigmentation.[4][5] More serious and potentially life threatening adverse effect reported include lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis, but it more associated with Zidovudine.[5] HIV-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections need to be cautious about potential flares of hepatitis that can occur with abrupt discontinuation of Lamividine/zidovudine because Lamivudine is also used in low doses for treatment against active HBV.[6]
Interactions
editLamividine/zidovudine interacts with stavudine and zalcitabine by competing intraceullarly for activation and results in inhibiting phosphorylation.[7][8]
Interactions[edit | edit source]
editLike other β-lactam antibiotics, renal excretion of cefalexin is delayed by probenecid.[20] Alcohol consumption does not have a negative interaction with cefalexin,[21] but reduces the rate at which it is absorbed.[22] Cefalexin also interacts with metformin, an antidiabetic drug,[18] and this can lead to higher concentrations of metformin in the body.[18][23]
Pharmacology
Mechanism of Action
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmcodynamics
History
Drug Formulations
Society/Culture
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- ^ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2006/020857s020lbl.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ https://www.gsksource.com/pharma/content/dam/GlaxoSmithKline/US/en/Prescribing_Information/Combivir/pdf/COMBIVIR.PDF.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "Assessing the risk of birth defects associated with antiretroviral exposure during pregnancy". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
- ^ Esser, Stefan; Helbig, Doris; Hillen, Uwe; Dissemond, Joachim; Grabbe, Stephan (2007-09-01). "Side effects of HIV therapy". JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft. 5 (9): 745–754. doi:10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06322.x. ISSN 1610-0387.
- ^ a b Carpenter, Charles C. J.; Cooper, David A.; Fischl, Margaret A.; Gatell, Jose M.; Gazzard, Brian G.; Hammer, Scott M.; Hirsch, Martin S.; Jacobsen, Donna M.; Katzenstein, David A. (2000-01-19). "Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults". JAMA. 283 (3). doi:10.1001/jama.283.3.381. ISSN 0098-7484.
- ^ https://medicine.yale.edu/intmed/infdis/HIV-medications-review_tcm319-31407_tcm319-284-32.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ Breckenridge, Alasdair. "Pharmacology of drugs for HIV". Medicine. 33 (6): 30–31. doi:10.1383/medc.33.6.30.66012.
- ^ https://www.viivhealthcare.com/media/32088/us_combivir.pdf.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)