75% of active tuberculosis cases involve infection of the lungs [citation needed] and are classified as pulmonary tuberuclosis. Symptoms include chest pain, coughing up blood, and a productive, prolonged cough for more than three weeks. Systemic symptoms include fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, pallor, and fatigue.[6]
In the other 25% of active cases the infection moves from the lungs to other areas of the body - these cases are classified as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.[citation needed] Signs and symptoms vary depending on the location of the infection.[citation needed] Tuberculosis pleurisy has symptoms that include a non-productive cough, stabbing chest pain, difficulty with breathing, chills, sweats, and weight loss. Tuberculous lymphadenopathy usually occurs in the head and neck region, and starts as a painless enlargement with no inflammation, which may pustulate and form a fistula. Infection of the bones and joints is most common in the vertebral column, and presents most commonly with pain, and may involve numbness and weakness if the spinal cord is affected. Signs and symptoms of tuberculosis infection of the central nervous system depend on the location of the tuberculoma, but may start with headache, feverishness, anorexia, malaise, or irritability and then progress to include neurological symptoms (including memory disturbance, impaired thinking, and confusion) and then to coma. Tuberculous infection of the abdominal cavity may present with abdominal pain and swelling, weight loss, loss of appetite, and ascites. Infection of the sac surrounding the heart may cause dyspnea, swelling, enlargement of the liver, and fever. Infection of the genitourinary system may present with painful urination, frequent urination, pain in the abdomen or back, as well as swelling and tenderness of the testis. Signs and symptoms of miliary tuberculosis depend on the organ involved, but may include symptoms such as headache, weight loss, abdominal pain, fever, or weakness.
Lange, Christoph; Mori, Toru (26 January 2010). "Advances in the diagnosis of tuberculosis". Respirology (2): 220–240. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01692.x. Retrieved 7 July 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |vol= ignored (|volume= suggested) (help)