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Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Blattodea
Family:	Cryptocercidae
Genus:	Cryptocercus
Species:	C. punctulatus
Binomial name
	Cryptocercus punctulatus; Scudder, 1862

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Cryptocercus punctulatus, known generally as brown-hooded cockroach, is a species of cockroach in the family Cryptocercidae. Other common names include the woodroach, wingless wood roach, and eastern wood-eating cockroach. It is found in North America.

Geographical Distribution edit

C. punctulatus are distributed within the Easter United States of America, concentrated within the Appalachian Mountains of Western Virginia, and Pennsylvania. ^[1]^[2]

Habitat edit

C. punctulatus are xylophagous cockroach that lives their entire life in moist dead logs it consumes. They excavate extensive galleries within fallen logs with the formations following the moistness of the log. ^[1]^[2]

Morphology edit

C. punctulatus is an oviparous cockroach in the family Cryptocercidae that excavates galleries in rotten wood.^[3]

Reproduction and Parental Care edit

Field evidence suggests that pairs of C. punctulatus have a single reproductive episode during which they produce a mean of 73 eggs, in up to four oothecae. An extended period of brood care, which can last three years or longer, follows and includes defense of the family, gallery excavation, sanitation of the nest and, in the early stages, trophallactic feeding of the young.

Nymphs are born without the cellulolytic protozoan symbionts they require to digest their wood diet; consequently, neonates rely on adults for nourishment. The altricial extreme of the developmental spectrum in cockroaches is currently represented by C. punctulatus: this species hatches eyeless, with a pale, thin cuticle, is defended by parents in a nest, and is dependent on parents for symbionts and nourishment.^[4]

C. punctulatus require 5-6 years to reach reproductive maturity. They may be considered "the best living model of the ancestral state of termites" and give insight into "the role of parental care in the evolution of termite eusociality." ^[5]

Bacteria Symbiosis edit

C. punctulatus is thought to be the most resemblance of the common ancestors between termites and cockroaches due to their gut symbionts.

References edit

^ ^a ^b Nalepa, Christine A. (2002). "Distribution of karyotypes of the Cryptocercus punctulatus species complex (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae) in the Southern Appalachians: relations to habitat and history". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 95: 276–287.
^ ^a ^b Nalepa, Christine A. (2017). "Distribution of karyotypes of the Cryptocercus punctulatus species complex (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park". Journal of Insect Science. 17: 1–11.
^ "Cryptocercus punctulatus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 September 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ Nalepa, Christine A. (January 1997). Postovulation parental investment and parental care in cockroaches. Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–51.
^ Nalepa, Christine A. (1988). "Cost of parental care in the woodroach Cryptocercus punctulatus Scudder (Dictyoptera: Cryptocercidae)". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 23: 135–140.