The M Battalions (M stands for Benito Mussolini) where a elite unit of Italian Blackshirts during world war II.
History edit
They were created during world war II, in october 1941 as transformation and strengthening of the assault and mountain battalions of the Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale (Blackshirts) which had particularly distinguished themselves in combat.
The first "M" battalions were those coming from the Galbiati Group (VIII of Varese, the XVI of Como and the XXIX of Arona), veterans of the Battle of Marizai, and the battalions of the 15th Legion CC.NN. Assault "Leonessa" (XIV of Bergamo and XV of Brescia), mentioned in the war bulletin n. 248 of 10 February 1941, followed by other assault battalions always distinguished in war actions.
To further improve the war efficiency, the "M" battalions were subjected to special training courses at the "Campo Battaglioni M" in Rome-Trastevere, and were classified in the "M" Battalion Inspectorate of MVSN, who supervised the training and managed the replacement flow.
For operational use the "M" battalions were usually assigned directly to the dependencies of the Corps of the Army, with general reserve functions and from these reassigned in support of units engaged in particularly demanding actions. They were employed mainly in the Russian campaign, in the Greco-italian war and for the planned invasion of Malta.
With the fall of the fascist regime, the 25 July 1943, the XVI Battaglione "M" of Como, marching on Rome, he was stopped not far from the capital following an order given by the head of S.M. of the Militia, general Enzo Emilio Galbiati. The same "M" Division received the order between 25 and 26 July to continue the training activity. On September 8, the departments deployed north of the peninsula, in France and the Balkans largely adhered to the newborn Italian Social Republic, like those landed in Corsica they partly cooperated with the fascists and the Germans.
The departments passed to the RSI were absorbed by the National Republican Army excluding the 1st Battalion "IX Settembre" which, established in September 1943 in Toulon, fought in Italy in various locations, also participating in the contrast of the landing of Anzio and on the eastern front.
Structure and organization edit
"M" battalions could be structured as assault battalions or battalions of accompanying weapons.
Assault battalions edit
The assault battalions were organized as follows:
- HQ and hq platoon
- Scout platoon
- 3 company of assault troops.
Each company was in turn organized into:
- Command and command platoon
- 2 assault platoons
- machine gun platoon
Support weapon battalion edit
The accompanying weapons battalions were organized as follows:
- HQ and command platoon
- Company of 81mm mortars.
- Company of infantry support guns and canty-tank guns equipped with 47/32 gun.
- Machine-gun company
Summary edit
- V assault battalion "M" (from 5ª Legione "Valle Scrivia" of Tortona)
- VI assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Sforzesca" of Vigevano)
- VIII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Cacciatori delle Alpi" of Varese)
- X assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Montebello" of Voghera)
- XII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Monte Bianco" di Aosta)
- XIV assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Garibaldina" of Bergamo)
- XV assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Leonessa" of Brescia)
- XVI assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Alpina" of Como)
- XXIX assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Antonio Chinotto" of Arona)
- XXX assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Roberto Forni" of Novara)
- XXXIV assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Premuda" of Savona)
- XXXVIII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Vittorio Alfieri" of Asti)
- XLI assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Cesare Battisti" of Trento)
- XLII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Berica" of Vicenza)
- XLIII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Piave" of Belluno)
- L assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Trevigiana" of Treviso)
- LX assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Istria" of Pola)
- LXIII assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Tagliamento" of Udine)
- LXXI assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Manfreda" of Faenza)
- LXXIX assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Cispadana" of Reggio Emilia)
- LXXXI assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Alberico da Barbiano" of Ravenna)
- LXXXV assault battalion "M" (from Legione "Apuana" of Massa)
Deployment edit
The "M" battalions in the Balkans edit
The assault battalions "M" X (until February 1943), LXXI, LXXXI and LXXXV operated in the Balcans in garrison duties and counter-insurgency operations.
The "M" battalions on the Russian front edit
The "M" Battalions used on the eastern front they were framed in Groups, each consisting of two Battalion Groups "M", each consisting of two assault battalions and an accompanying weapons battalion, as follows:
- Raggruppamento Camicie Nere "III Gennaio"
- Group of "M" battalions "Tagliamento"
- LXIII assault batalion "M"
- LXXIX assault batalion "M"
- LXIII support weapons batalion "Sassari" (of Royal Italian Army)
- Group of "M" battalions "Montebello"
- VI assault batalion"M"
- XXX assault batalion "M"
- XII support weapons battalion "M"
- Group of "M" battalions "Tagliamento"
- Raggruppamento Camicie Nere "XXIII Marzo"
- Group of Battalion "M" "Leonessa"
- XIV assault batalion "M"
- XV assault batalion "M"
- XXXVIII support weapons battalion "M"
- Group of "M" battalions "Valle Scrivia"
- V ssault batalion "M"
- XXXIV ssault batalion "M"
- XLI support weapons battalion "M"
- Group of Battalion "M" "Leonessa"
The Black Shirts of the "Tagliamento" Group were not originally an "M" unit, but were promoted to this qualification in the field as recognition of the value demonstrated during the operations of the CSIR (Italian Expeditionary Corps in Russia). As such, they were the only "M" battalions not to have been trained in the Battalions "M" Camp of Rome-Trastevere.The "M" Battalions repeatedly proved to be among the best units of the ARMIR (Italian Army in Russia), operating mainly in support of the XXXV Army Corps.
The "M da landing" battalions for the invasion of Malta edit
In view of the planned invasion of Malta (Operazione C3), la MVSN constituted a special landing group, the Battalions Group "M" of Black Landing Shirts, structured as follows:
- HQ and command company
- XLII landing batalion "M" "Vicenza"
- XLIII landing batalion "M" "Belluno"
- L landing batalion "M" "Treviso"
- LX landing batalion "M" "Pola"
- 2 infantry support guns company with 47/32 guns
- 1 company 81mm mortar
- 1 company of guastatori(sappers)
With the cancellation of Operation C.3, the Black Landing Shirts were reorganized on two Battalion Groups, as follows:
- I landing Blackshirt Batalion group "M"
- XLIII landing batalion "M"
- LX landing batalion "M"
- V support weapons battalion (of Royal Italian Army)
- The I Battaglioni Group participated in the occupation of the Corsica, ohe remained a garrison until 8 September 1943, when he participated in the fighting against the Germans.
- II landing Blackshirt Batalion group "M"
- XLII landing batalion "M"
- L landing batalion "M"
- V support weapons battalion (of Royal Italian Army)
- The II Batalion Group participated in the occupation of Corsica, and then moved to France where it remained garrison in the area of Toulon until 8 September 1943, when it broke up with the other units of the 4th Army.
The "M" battalions in Tunisia edit
The X Assault Battalion "M" was transferred to Tunisia in February 1943 and initially assigned in support of the 136ª Armored division "Giovani Fascisti" on the Mareth line and then to the 101ª motorized division "Trieste" until the surrender of the Axis forces in Africa.
The Armored Black Shirts Division "M" edit
It was formed in May 1943 starting from the few survivors of the "M" Battalions returned from Russia and supplemented by volunteers. The unit, equipped with armored vehicles supplied by the Germans, was still being trained at the time of the fall of fascism (25 July 1943), renamed the 136th Armored Division "Centaur II" and purged of its most markedly fascist elements, to then be dissolved after the armistice of 8 September 1943.
Uniform edit
The components of the Battalions "M" wore the normal uniforms of the MVSN, with the only difference of the black insignia on which the silver fasces used by the MVSN units instead of the stars of the Royal Italian Army was replaced by a fasces twisted with a letter "M "capitalized in red, reproducing the spelling of Mussolini.
Even the pennants of the various battalions resumed the same symbology: on them, made in the shape of a tail of swallow, the same red "M" embroidered with a littorium appeared, embroidered "Seguitemi" (which expressed loyalty to the Fatherland e al Fascism) with the same calligraphy as the "M" and the department number.
Note edit
Bibliografia edit
- Lucas-G. De Vecchi, Storia delle unità combattenti della M.V.S.N. 1923-1943, Roma, Giovanni Volpe Editore, 1976.
- Lucio Ceva, Storia delle Forze Armate in Italia, Torino, UTET Libreria, 1999.
- Carlo Rastrelli, Un esercito in camicia nera, Storia Militare n.129 giugno 2004.
- Pierluigi Romeo di Colloredo, Emme Rossa! Le Camicie Nere sul Fronte russo, 1941-1943, Genova, ITALIA, 2008
Voci correlate edit
[[Category:Blackshirts]] [[Category:Military units and formations of World War II]] [[Category:Fascism]]