Infoboxes
editJohann Sebastian Bach | |
|---|---|
| Born | 21 March 1685 (O.S.) 31 March 1685 (N.S.) |
| Died | 28 July 1750 (aged 65) |
| Occupations | |
| Era | Baroque |
| Known for | one of the greatest composers of all time |
| Works | List of compositions |
| Spouse(s) | Maria Barbara Bach Anna Magdalena Bach |
| Children | Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, Johann Gottfried Bernhard Bach, Johann Christoph Friedrich Bach, Johann Christian Bach, and others (totally 20) |
| Parent(s) | Johann Ambrosius Bach (father), Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt (mother) |
| Signature | |
 | |
Ludwig van Beethoven | |
|---|---|
| Born | |
| Baptised | 17 December 1770 |
| Died | 26 March 1827 (aged 56) |
| Occupations |
|
| Era | Classical and Romantic |
| Works | List of compositions |
| Signature | |
 | |
Encyclopedias
editreligion
edit- Melton, J. Gordon; Baumann, Martin, eds. (2010). Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices. Vol. 6-volume Set (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Ca; Denver, Co; Oxford: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-203-6.
- Juergensmeyer, Mark; Roof, Wade Clark, eds. (2012). Encyclopedia of Global Religion. Vol. 1. Los Angeles, Ca: SAGE Publ. ISBN 978-0-7619-2729-7.
- Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Springfield, Ma: Merriam-Webster. 1999. ISBN 0-87779-044-2.
- Berlin, Adele, ed. (2011). The Oxford Dictionary of the Jewish Religion (2nd ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973004-9.
- Jacobs, Louis (2003). A Concise Companion to the Jewish Religion (Online Version). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191726446.
- Karesh, Sara E.; Hurvitz, Mitchell M. (2005). Encyclopedia of Judaism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6982-8.
- Neusner, Jacob; Avery-Peck, Alan J.; Green, William Scott, eds. (1999). The Encyclopedia of Judaism. Vol. 1–3. Leiden; New York: Brill; Continuum. ISBN 9789004105836.
- Neusner, Jacob; et al. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Judaism Online.
- Hillerbrand, Hans J., ed. (2004). Encyclopedia of Protestantism. Vol. 1–4. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-92472-6.
- Dalal, Roshen (2010). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. ISBN 978-0-14-341421-6.
- Jones, Constance A.; Ryan, James D. (2007). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Encyclopedia of World Religions. J. Gordon Melton, Series Editor. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02.
- Jacobsen, Knut A.; et al., eds. (2009–2015). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Vol. 1–6. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004271289.
- Vol. 1: Regions, Pilgrimage, Deities (2009).
- Vol. 2: Sacred Languages, Ritual Traditions, Arts, Concepts (2010).
- Vol. 3: Society, Religious Professionals, Religious Communities, Philosophies (2011).
- Vol. 4: Historical Perspectives, Poets/Teachers/Saints, Relation to Other Religions and Traditions, Hinduism and Contemporary Issues (2012).
- Vol. 5: Symbolism, Diaspora, Modern Groups and Teachers (2013).
- Vol. 6: Indices (2015).
- Jacobsen, Knut A.; et al. (eds.). Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online.
- Sullivan, Bruce M. (2001). The A to Z of Hinduism (Rev. ed.). Lanham, Md; London: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4070-7.
- Ensiklopedi Kepercayaan terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa [Encyclopedia of Beliefs in One God] (PDF) (in Indonesian) (4th ed.). Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Nilai Budaya, Seni dan Film; Direktorat Kepercayaan Terhadap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa. 2010 [2003]. ISBN 978-979-16071-1-7.
- Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.
- Lewis, James R., ed. (2004). The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-514986-6.
- Lewis, James R.; Tøllefsen, Inga Bårdsen, eds. (2016) [2008]. The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements. Oxford Handbooks. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-046617-6. Archived from the original on 2023-03-31.
philosophy
edit- Potter, Karl H., ed. (1970–2019). Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophers. Vol. 1–25-. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Archived from the original on 2022-02-01. Ongoing monographic series project.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - Wainwright, William (2012). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. Archived from the original on 2015-03-23.
ethnology
edit- Hidayah, Zulyani (2015) [1997]. Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Indonesia (in Indonesian) (2nd ed.). Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 978-979-461-929-2.
- Melalatoa, M. Junus (1995). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Indonesia (pdf) (in Indonesian). Vol. A–K. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
- Melalatoa, M. Junus (1995). Ensiklopedia Suku Bangsa di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Vol. L–Z. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan.
music
editSadie, Stanley; Tyrrell, John, eds. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56159-239-5. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
- Root, Deane L., ed. (2001). The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Online as Grove Music Online
{{cite encyclopedia}}: External link in|postscript= - Nettl, Bruno; Stone, Ruth M.; Porter, James; Rice, Timothy (1998). The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: the Indian subcontinent. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-8240-4946-1. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11.
literature
edit- Baldick, Chris (2015). The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms (Online Version) (4th ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191783234.
- Cuddon, J. A. (1998). C.E. Preston (ed.). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory (4th rev. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-20271-4.
- Greene, Roland; et al., eds. (2012). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (4th rev. ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-15491-6.
- Merriam Webster's Encyclopedia of Literature. Springfield, Ma: Merriam-Webster. 1995. ISBN 0-87779-042-6.
Lists
editJewish religious movements
edit- Orthodox Judaism
- Haredi Judaism (ultra-Orthodox)
- Hardal
- Hasidic Judaism
- Misnagdim (Lithuanian)
- Sephardic Haredim
- Yemenite Judaism
- Other Haredim
- Modern Orthodoxy
- Haredi Judaism (ultra-Orthodox)
- Conservadox
- Conservative Judaism (Masorti)
- Reform Judaism
- Other Rabbinic
- Non-Rabbinic Judaism
- Haymanot
- Karaite Judaism
- Samaritanism (controversial)
- Others
- Syncretic[note 1]
Mongolic peoples
editContemporary ethnic groups
Notable sovereign states in Siberia
edit- Xianbei state (1st–3rd century CE)
- First Turkic Khaganate (6th–7th century)
- Eastern Turkic Khaganate (7th century)
- Second Turkic Khaganate (7th–8th century)
- Balhae (7th–10th century CE)
- Mongol Empire (13th–14th century)
- Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598)
- Tsardom of Russia (1598–1721)
- Russian Empire (1721–1917)
- Russian Republic (1917–1918)
- Russian Sicialist Federative Soviet Republic (1918–1922)
- Siberian Republic (1918)
- Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922)
- Soviet Union (1922–1991)
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1991)
- Russian Federation (1991 – present)
Siberians
edit
Siberians, the Siberiaks (Russian pronunciation: [sibirjaky]) are inhabitants and natives of Siberia, as well as the (sub)ethnic or ethnographic group of the Russians.[1][2]
- As demonym
The demonym "Siberians" is used for all inhabitants and natives of Siberia, including both indigenous peoples and the European diaspora (the Russians, Ukrainians, Balts, Finnic and other peoples.
- As sub-ethnic group
In ethnology the term is often used to refer to the old-timers (Starozhily)—the earliest Russian population of Siberia during its Russian conquest in the 16th–17th centuries and their descendants. Later settlers, especially the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, were called "the Russian" (Siberian dialects: "Raseyskie") by the Siberians.[3][2][4]
The dialects of the Siberians were formed mainly on the basis of Northern Russian dialects.[4]
Ideologues of Siberian regionalism (Siberian nationalism) considered the Siberians to be a separate people from the Russians.[5][6] Among contemporary ethnologists there are both opponents[6] and supporters of this point of view.[2][4] In 1918, under the control of the Siberian regionalists, there was a short-term state formation "Siberian Republic".[7]
In the course of 2002 and 2010 Russian Census, the ethnonym "Siberiak" was indicated as the main one by a small number of respondents.[8]
- See also
- Footnotes
- ^ Vlasova 1997, p. 114.
- ^ a b c Schweitzer, Vakhtin & Golovko 2005, pp. 135–151.
- ^ Vlasova 1997, p. 114–115.
- ^ a b c Vakhtin, Golovko & Schweitzer 2004.
- ^ Watrous 1993, pp. 113–132.
- ^ a b Vlasova 1997, p. 115.
- ^ Sushko 2009, pp. 174–179.
- ^ Anisimova & Echevskaya 2018.
- Bibliography
- Anisimova, Alla; Echevskaya, Olga (2018). "Siberian regional identity: self-perception, solidarity, or political claim?". In Edith W. Clowes; Gisela Erbslöh; Ani Kokobobo (eds.). Russia's Regional Identities: The Power of the Provinces. Routledge Contemporary Russia and Eastern Europe Series. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-138-20102-6.
- Schweitzer, Peter; Vakhtin, Nikolai; Golovko, Evgeniy (2005). "The Difficulty of Being Oneself: Identity Politics of "Old-Settler" Communities in Northeastern Siberia" (PDF). In Erich Kasten (ed.). Rebuilding Identities. Pathways to Reformin Post-Soviet Siberia. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag. pp. 135–151 – via Siberian-studies.org.
- Sushko, Valentina A. (June 2009). "Сибирский национализм и борьба за власть в крае (март 1917 — ноябрь 1918 г.)" [Siberian nationalism and the struggle for power in the region (March 1917 – November 1918)] (PDF). Вестник Томского государственного университета [ Tomsk State University Bulletin] (in Russian). 323: 174–179. ISSN 1561-7793.
- Vakhtin, Nikolai; Golovko, Eugeniy; Schweitzer, Peter (2004). Русские старожилы Сибири: социальные и символические аспекты самосознания [Russian Old-Settlers of Siberia: Social and Symbolic Aspects of Identity] (PDF) (in Russian). Moscow: Novoe izdatel’stvo. ISBN 5-98379-005-6.
- Vlasova, Irina V. (1997). "Русские в Сибири и на Дальнем Востоке" [The Russians in Siberia and the Far East]. In Alexandrov, V.A.; Vlasova, I.V.; Polishchuk, N.S. (eds.). Русские [The Russians] (in Russian). Moscow: Nauka. pp. 114–117. ISBN 5-02-010320-9. (N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - Watrous, Stephen (1993). "The Regionalist Conception of Siberia, 1860 to 1920". In Diment, Galya; Slezkine, Yuri (eds.). Between Heaven and Hell: The Myth of Siberia in Russian Culture. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 113–132. ISBN 978-0-312-06072-5.
Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic
edit | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian. (December 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Нохчийн Республикин Бусалбан син урхалладар | |
 The headquarters (left) and the Heart of Chechnya Mosque (right), Grozny | |
| Abbreviation | SAMCR |
|---|---|
| Predecessor | Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Checheno-Ingush Republic |
| Established | 1991 |
| Founded at | Grozny, Chechen Republic |
| Legal status | Religious organisation |
| Purpose |
|
| Headquarters | Grozny |
| Location |
|
Area served | Chechnya, Russia |
Official languages | |
| Salah Mezhiev | |
Main organ |
|
| Affiliations | Sunni Islam, Shafi'i school |
| Website | dumchr |
The Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of the Chechen Republic (Chechen: Нохчийн Республикин Бусалбан син урхалладар; Russian: Духовное управление мусульман Чеченской Республики) is only the muftiate in Chechnya (Russian Federation). From 1991 to 2000 it operated on the territory of the unrecognized Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Represented in the Coordinating Center of North Caucasus Muslims.[1]
- List of muftis
- Muhammad-Bashir Arsanukayev (1991–1993)[1]
- Mahmud Garkayev (1993–1994)[1]
- Muhammed-Khusein Alsabekov (1994)[1]
- Akhmad Kadyrov (1994/5–2000)[1]
- Akhmad Shamaiev (2000–2005)[2]
- Sultan Mirsayev (2005–2014)
- Salah Mezhiev (2014–present)
- References
- ^ a b c d e Roshchin & Lunkin 2005, p. 156.
- ^ Roshchin & Lunkin 2005, p. 164.
- Sources
- Roshchin, Mikhail; Lunkin, Roman (2005). "Ислам в Чеченской Республике" [Islam in the Chechen Republic]. In Bourdeaux, Michael; Filatov, Sergei (eds.). Современная религиозная жизнь России. Опыт систематического описания [Contemporary Religious Life of Russia. Systematic description experience] (in Russian). Vol. 3. Москва: Keston Institute; Logos. pp. 152–169. ISBN 5-98704-044-2.
- External links
- SAMCR official website (in Russian)
- SAMCR on Facebook (in Arabic)
- SAMCR official channel on YouTube
Category:Islam in Chechnya Category:Islamic organizations based in Russia Category:Islamic organizations established in 1991 Category:1991 establishments in Russia
Other
editThe following are contemporary mainstream political ideologies according to their left–right position.
|
Left
|
Centrist
|
Right
|
This world is so meaningless and pitch-black
that there are almost no fish left — I am the last,
the last king, entangled in the mud.
Just wait, I will untangle myself, and that's it.
—Aleksandr Mironov (2000), Monologue of a Fish
External links
edit- official websites
- No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata.
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