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Allen Culpepper Sealy, 1850 - 1927, The Pau Hunt, Master Charles Henry Ridgway, 1907, Oil on canvas, les collections du Cercle Anglais, with (generally left to right) Ted Parker, Richard Ridgway, Walter Smethurst, Mrs. Joseph Barron (Jeanie Hutton), Charles Jackson Morse, Miss Annie Hutton, Ethel Morgan, Charles Henry Ridgway, Comte de Lesterps, William Forbes Morgan, Baron de Waldner, Butler Brooke, Baron de Palaminy, Miss Platt, Princess Volconsky, Sydney Platt, Vicomtesse Werlé, Miss Elizabeth Schmerhorn Potter, Thomas Burgess, John Harvey Wright, Herbert Thorn King, James Bagnell, Mr. Cramail, Harry Hutton, Frederick H. Prince, J. Yturbe, Hubert de Ganay, Duc de Brissac, William Knapp Thorn, Jr., Vicomte d'Elva, Miss Hubert, Baron Henri de Vaufreland, Henrietta Neilson Potter, Joseph “Pito” Barron, Comte R. d’Astorg, Martha Church Otis, Charles de Salverte, Commandant Dolfus, Ferdinand Roy, Mrs. William Forbes Morgan (Ellie Robinson), John Nugent, Comtesse de Ganay (Emily Ridgway), Mrs. Charles Henry Ridgway (Ellen Monroe), M. Larregain, M. Nozaret, Mat Townsend, Mrs. Harry Hutton (Mary “May Kip Kane), Maurice Bernard
Allen Culpepper Sealy, 1850 - 1927, The Pau Hunt (65th Anniversary), Master Charles Henry Ridgway, 1907

The Pau Hunt was established in 1842 by the Société d’Encouragement as a spectacule authorized by the government of Louis Philippe to hunt predatory animals such as wolves and foxes.[1][2][a] Internationally, the Pau Hunt, dominated by American and British Masters, was one of the most renown hunts until the breakout of World War II. Its country, between Gardères and the hills surrounding Pau was nicknamed “Leicestershire in France”.[3]

Innovative hunt masters and committee members organized their first recorded drag hunt in 1847.[4][5] They organized the capture of game and its later release at meets as early as the 1850s, cross country matches and point-to-point races in the 1890s.[6][7][8]

In 1947 the association reorganized as the "Pau Hunt Drags".[b] Continuing its tradition of drag hunting, meets are held in unplanted fields with the expressed permission of amiable property owners.[8]

A plethora of private photos, articles, publications, photos and works of art during its heyday are housed in private collections, including the collection of the English Club of Pau.

History

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The Hunt at Tarbes (1832-1842)

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Pierre-Eugène Marc (1819-885), "Leur Habitation Chez Le Piqueur", 1860, Pau Huntsman Dupont with a bagman in 1858.[9][c]

Under the license of Royal Wolfcatcher, Mister Dupont invited winter British colonists to lodge at a hôtel at Tarbes, hunt in the mornings and then dine together. Dupont was attentive to his hounds and managed clean kennels. He preferred hunting wolves and hare, and avoided fox hunting, fearing the ruin of his hounds' noses. His nephew and huntsman at Tarbes, also named Dupont, continued serving as huntsman for the Pau Hunt until at least 1858.[10][11][12][9]

In 1837 Sir Henry Chudleigh Oxenden began wintering at Tarbes, where he leased Aureilhan Castle in 1839, the year after his father's death.[13][11][d] He imported hunters and hounds for fox hunting around Tarbes and Lannemezan with J. Cornewall[e] and Samuel Benjamin Auchmuty.[18][f] Oxenden returned to Broome Park in the summer of 1841 and then permanently in 1842. Lady Oxenden (née Charlotte Brown) died in March 1843. Oxenden sold his horses to M. Larienty and offered his fox hound pack to his friends at Pau.[12][2][21][g]

The Hunt at Pau (1842–1848)

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Oxenden gifted his pack to the newly formed hunt at Pau in December 1842 with at least 14 foxes hunted during the season 1842-1843.[2][21][22] Cornewall hunted with MFHs[h] Lt. O’Shirley, Roussel, Charles Whyte, Pery Standish and William Cecil Standish. In 1845, keeping just one hound "Fallacy" from Oxenden's pack, Pery Standish brought in a new pack of hounds to newly built kennels near the village of Soumoulou.[4] Jasper Hall Livingston is accredited with saving the hunt by purchasing the Standish pack upon the brothers' departure.[i] MFH Livingston, joined by his nephew Charles Carroll Livingston, held their first recorded Drag Hunt at Pau on Saturday, November 26, 1847 on the Route de Tarbes between Pau and Gardères making a distance of 21 km (13 miles) in one hour: a welcomed diversion from the actual meet.[5]

Before the steam engine, train service and automobiles, innovative sports were designed to increase speed and skill levels of both horses and riders. At Pau, the government sanctioned Société d'Encouragement awarded cash prizes at the racetrack (hippodrome), inaugurated in 1843, as an incentive for private breeders to improve the health, speed and endurance qualities of the horse, that was the primary mode of transportation of humans and goods. In addition to their role in tourism, commerce and trade, horses were indispensable for national defense where they were used to hunt and rout the enemy.

Revolution (1848)

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No hunt was held at Pau. Jasper Hall Livingston hunted boar at Roux Castle and lost most of the hounds. Livingston went to England to purchase another hound pack, accompanied by Huntsman Dupont.[18]

Development of the Hunt at Pau (1849–1875)

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Pierre-Eugène Marc (1819-1885), "Si la chasse est une fiction, le déjeuner est une réalité", 1860, Ward McAllister at Pau in 1858.[9]

Livingston returned to Pau in 1849 with hounds for the 1849-1850 season. He sold the pack to Richard Francis Lalor Power in 1854, who moved it to a kennel in Lescar. In 1857, Power purchased a house he named Billère Lodge with land strattling Billère and adjacent Pau, where he built kennels, stables and the Villa Bilhère.[j][k] During the early period, Livingston and Power developed the Pau Hunt, along with additional hunt-like sports of drag hunting and the capture and release of foxes and larger game including fallow deer.

 
A. Duruy, A genetic fiasco, 27 December 1862.[9]

Drag hunting was originally a competition between hound breeders' packs and not followed on horseback, the most famous race was won by Bluecap in 1763. Like horse racing, the drag compared speed and endurance, the measurement of which is limited during a fox hunt to the speed and endurance of animal being hunted. When laying a defined, artificial trail, speed and endurance could be augmented considerably. At Pau, the innovation of riding to drag hunts, along with complicated obstacles for jumping, had the additional benefit of training horses and riders.

The capture and release of wild animals was used to plan and expedite a hunt, most frequently capturing, or "bagging" foxes, and later releasing them for the kill at the end of a drag hunt as an incentive/reward for the hounds.[l] The bagged fox was also used in fox hunting at Pau, with advertisements appearing in the local press for foxes, which would be kept captive for release at the beginning of a meet to avoid the delay of hunting a fox in the wild. A similar concept was developed for fallow deer, bringing them to meets in cages, releasing them and then hunting them as if they had been naturally wild.

Sources state foxes became less numerous and traditional fox hunting was replaced with hunting bagged foxes. This sport alternated with Drag Hunting.[23] For some traditionalists, these new sports were seen as corrupting wild game hunting on horseback.[m]

An 1858 article by the Marquess of Foudras mocked these new sports at Pau. The response of Livingston and Power was to mock the Foudras article through a commissioned series of lithographs by Pierre-Eugène Marc in album format with the title translated as "A Hunting Album, The Pau Drag". First released in 1860, this parody of the Foudras article was depicted in 10 lithographs by Pierre-Eugene Marc. An additional three lithographs Marc and two by A. Duruy were available between December 1860 and 1863 mocking additional critics, plus one additional lithograph replacing the first of Marcs. Famous participants of the Pau Hunt during this period included William Hamilton, 11th Duke of Hamilton, Ward McAllister and Marshall Pierre Bosquet.[25]

Sometime between 1861 and 1864, Power was replaced by Captain Philip Savage Alcock, who hunted with a pack of harriers.[3] The Pau Hunt's popularity continued increasing with the arrival of train service to Pau in 1866, drawing more winter colonists along with increases in private property damage due to the Hunt. Local farmers demonstrated, while the popularity of the Pau Hunt mounted amongst British, Americans and French riders, the French henceforth comprising over one-third of the kennel committee.

Alcock was replaced by Jasper Hall Livingston in 1868, who managed his own kennels at Villa Livingston, now Villa Dampierre.[6] Livingston was replaced in 1874 by William George Tiffany. The committee began writing by-laws and relocated the hounds to what were believed to be permanent kennels at the Petit Chantilly, now Villa Beverly in December 1874 with most of the expenses paid by Tiffany and Norman Story, who shared Villa Navarre. Landowners continued demonstrating.

On January 26, 1875, Tiffany and Story were hunting and ordered a peasant to open a gate. When the peasant refused, Story went to jumped over the gate, while the peasant swung it open making Story's horse fall on him. Story died the following evening.[26][27][n] A general meeting was held the following day, approving the by-laws of the association and the prefect, with a plan to compensate landowners for damages. The by-laws were finalized for the La Société de la Chasse à Courre on April 5, 1875 at which time Tiffany resigned as MFH.[6]

Difficult Years (1875–1880)

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Major William Henry Cairnes became MFH and implemented the first and already planned Hunter's stakes, which took place March 3, 1875. During his teneur, a decision was made to bring in an English huntsman, retaining the French one, Pascal, as Whip. In ill health, he was replaced by Captain W. Browne in 1878, who refused the title MFH. Lord Howth served as MFH for the 1878 - 1879 season, followed the next year by John Stewart.

This period is tulmultuous and ends with the liquidation of the Pau Hunt. Pau, had been known as a place where those with pulmonary diseases could hunt.[4] The difficulty level, popularity and frequency of drag hunting was seen by Lord Howth as exclusionary to less capable riders, himself included.[o][3][28] Howth made it his quest to make 'real fox hunting' accessible to those in ill health, while other members preferred the expediency of bagmen for fox hunting and wanted more drag hunts with the release of a bagman at the end. An additional method, dubbed 'a new departure', became popular combining a drag hunt with a fox hunt, releasing a bagman for the second segment.

The Count of Bari moved into the Villa Longchamp with a pack of hounds. The Pau Hunt, claimed he had no right to hunt in their territory and finally liquidated on April 12, 1880 notifying the town counsel they could no longer operate the hunt with a competing pack.[6][p]

Suspension of the Kennel Committee (1880–1882)

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Negotiations between the town hall, the Count of Bari and James Gordon Bennett Jr. reconstituted the Pau Hunt on December 2, 1880.[29][30] This resulted in Bari gifting his hounds to the municipality, Bennett being named master who took control of the hunt with the assistance of Thomas G. Burgess.[q] Bennett purchase 40 couples delivered in 1881 and turned them over to the municipality when he resigned as MFH in October 1882 with Thomas Burgess replacing him as MFH with a newly formed committee named November 1, 1882.[31][6]

A Famous Hunt (1882–1910)

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...THIS IS MY BREAKPOINT

Further development of drag hunting with dedicated hound pack, cross country and point-to-point matches, and paper chases in the early 20th century. Alliance with regional and local government with subventions, advertising, permanent kennels and employee lodging, and assistance in controlling local landowners.

The united nations of hunts.

1910 – 1939

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The Prince, Vaufreland and Barron years, development of sport, WWI, prohibition, gambling interdiction, construction projects in Pau, depression

The modern "Pau Hunt Drags"

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Notes

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  1. ^ The legend of the Duke of Wellington at Pau obscures the true history of the Pau Hunt.
  2. ^ Registered as the Société d'Encouragement Pau Hunt Drags, located at the Berlanne Kennels, Siren 78232147500017, Siret 782321475
  3. ^ A bagged fox or bagman refers to a captured fox to be released for a meet
  4. ^ Confusion exists between Sir Henry Chudleigh Oxenden (1795-1889) and his father Sir Henry Oxenden 1756-1838) (See Oxenden Baronets.).[14] The elder was Master of the East Kent Hunt from 1814-1828 and a confident to the Duke of Wellington[15][16]. The son, Henry Chudleigh Oxenden was in the same Eton College class as Wellington's nephew, Henry Wellesley in 1811.[17]
  5. ^ Sometimes written as Cornwall, Cornewell or Cornwell
  6. ^ The Valparda Article is a rewrite of a staff article that appeared as early as 1886 in a local tourist weekly.[19][20]
  7. ^ Oxenden was confined to debtors prison in 1847.[13]
  8. ^ MFH designates a Master of the Fox Hounds
  9. ^ Local legend states the Standish brothers left Pau abruptly because of a lack of foxes; however, it is about the same time Pery Standish inherited Farley Castle
  10. ^ Billère is modern French translation of Bilhère. Older spellings in Béarnese are Vilhere and Vilhera
  11. ^ Villa Bilhère has also been known as Villa Power and Villa Hutton
  12. ^ Hounds hunt the fox, while riders follow, or "ride to" the hounds
  13. ^ Howth considering the use of bagged foxes unorthodox, referring to this method as "American".[3] However, an earlier French hunt that still existed at Pau in 1835, used bagmen and even guns.[10] Murray describes this hunt as limiting itself to the Pau woods, corresponding to a hunting authorization dated 1771.[10][24]
  14. ^ Le Memorial des Pyrénées lists the date of Norman Story's death as January 29th. The date of his death registration with the mayor's office was January 28th and states he passed away the prior evening on January 27th, 1875.
  15. ^ Howth believed his tuberculous was "inherited" from his mother.
  16. ^ On April 12, 1880, the kennel committee voted 12 to 7 in favor of dissolving the committee and liquidating the Pau Hunt. After two years and at the request of the mayor, a new committee was formed on November 1, 1882.
  17. ^ Bennett's intervention was at the request of Thomas G. Burgess, described by Howth as one of the masters in ill health.[28] Burgess' brother, Edward Burgess, was a well-known yacht designer - Bennett's greatest passion. Pau Hunt subscribers who were members of the New York Yacht Club include Bennett, Frank Lawrance Jr., his uncle William Thomas Garner and Frederick Henry Prince.
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References

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  1. ^ "Pau, Séjour de LL AA RR, Le Duc et Duchesse d'Orléans" [Pau, Visit by the Duke and Dutchess of Orleans]. Le Memorial des Pyrénees (in French). Pau, France. 3 September 1839. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Le Nouvelles Locales" [Local news]. Le Memorial des Pyrénees (in French). Pau, France. 3 December 1842. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d St Lawrence, 4th Earl of Howth, William (1907). Leicestershire in France or the Field at Pau, translated into French by Charles Salverte. Pau: Imprimerie Vignancour.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ a b c One of them (18 July 1848). "Fox Hunting in the South of France". Craven's Sporting Review. London.
  5. ^ a b One of them (18 September 1848). "Fox Hunting in the South of France (Part 2)". Craven's Sporting Review. London.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Pau Kennel Committee Meeting Minutes 1867-1885" (Document). Archives communautaire Pau Béarn Pyrénées Cote 36Z1. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  7. ^ "Pau Kennel Committee Meeting Minutes 1886-1899" (Document). Archives communautaire Pau Béarn Pyrénées Cote 36Z2. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  8. ^ a b "Pau Kennel Committee Meeting Minutes 1901-1928" (Document). Archives communautaire Pau Béarn Pyrénées Cote 36Z3. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  9. ^ a b c d Marc, Pierre-Eugène, ed. (1860). Croquis de Chasse, le Drag de Pau. Paris: Becquet frères.
  10. ^ a b c Murray, James Erskine (1835). A Summer in the Pyrenees, Vol II. London: John Macrone, St. James Square.
  11. ^ a b Duloum, Joseph (1970). Les Anglaises dans les Pyrénées et les Débuts du Tourisme Pyrénéen (1736 – 1896). Les Amis du Musée Pyrénéen.
  12. ^ a b Foudras, Théodore de (6 October 1858). "Histoire Anecdotique de la VÉNERIE CONTEMPORAINE. État Actuel de la Vénerie d'importation dans le Béarn. LE DRAG DE PAU". Le Sport.
  13. ^ a b "No. 20718". The London Gazette. 26 March 1847. p. 1209.
  14. ^ Vyner, Robert (1892). Notitia Venatica, a Treatise on Fox-Hunting. 14 King William Street, Strand, London: John C. Nimmo. p. 18.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  15. ^ "Barham Village History, Sir Henry Oxenden of Broome Park". Barham Kent History. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  16. ^ Fairfax-Blakeborough, J. (1926). Hunting and Sporting Reminiscences of H. W. SELBY Lowndes, M.F.H. London: Philip Allan CO. Ltd., Quality Court, Chancery Lane.
  17. ^ Stapylton, H.E.C. (1863). Eton School Lists 1791-1850. London: E.P. Williams.
  18. ^ a b Valparda, Aparici (27 November 1892). "Pau : La Chasse à Courre". Journal des Etrangers (in French). Pau. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Origines et Histoire de la chasse à courre de Pau" [History and Origin of the Pau Hunt]. Le Journal des Etrangers (in French). Pau, France. 1 April 1886. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  20. ^ "Les Chasse de Pau" [Pau Hunting]. Le Journal des Etrangeurs (in French). Pau, France. 1 April 1886. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
  21. ^ a b Taylor, Alexander, M.D. Edin (1843). On the curative influence of the climate of Pau and mineral waters of the Pyrénées on disease, with descriptive notices of the geology, botany, natural history, mountain sports, local antiquities and topography of the Pyrénées, and their principal watering places. London: John W. Parker, West Strand. p. 41.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ^ Cite error: The named reference HoundTransfer was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  23. ^ Levesque, Donatien (1887). En déplacement Chasses à Courre en France et en Angleterre, Dessins de S. Arcos. Paris: Noumit.
  24. ^ "Autorisation Chasse fôret royalle 1771" (Document). Archives communautaire Pau Béarn Pyrénées Cote DD IDR_7. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  25. ^ McAllister, Ward (1890). Society as I Have Found It. New York: Cassell.
  26. ^ "Le Nouvelles Locales" [Local news]. Le Memorial des Pyrénees (in French). Pau, France. 28 January 1875. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  27. ^ "Le Nouvelles Locales, l'accident de chasse" [Local News, the Hunting Accident]. Le Memorial des Pyrénees (in French). Pau, France. 30 January 1875. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  28. ^ a b "Invalided Sportsmen". Baily's Magazine of Sport and Pastimes, Vol. 43. London: A. H. Baily and Co. November 1884.
  29. ^ "Chenil Torrance (quartier Berlanne), Société des Chasses à courre : statuts, correspondance des présidents, masters et autres membres" [Torrance Kennels (Berlanne), Pau Hunt correspondance (with the town of Pau)] (Document) (in French). Archives communautaire Pau Béarn Pyrénées Cote 1M6/3. {{cite document}}: Cite document requires |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: location (link)
  30. ^ "La chasse au renard" [Fox Hunting]. Le Memorial des Pyrénees (in French). Pau, France. 8 December 1880.
  31. ^ "Nouvelles et Echos". Gil Blas (in French). Paris. 27 December 1881.


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