| Conioscyphales | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | Ascomycota
|
| Subdivision: | Pezizomycotina
|
| Class: | Sordariomycetes
|
| Order: | Pleurotheciales Réblová and Seifert, in Réblová, Seifert, Fournier and Štěpánek, Persoonia 37: 63 (2016)[1]
|
| Family: | Pleurotheciaceae Réblová and Seifert, in Réblová, Seifert, Fournier and Štěpánek, Persoonia 37: 63 (2016)
|
Pleurotheciales is an order of fungi within the phylum of Ascomycota, within the class Sordariomycetes, also subclass Savoryellomycetidae and is a subdivision of Pezizomycotina.[2][3]
It contains the one family Pleurotheciaceae which contains the following genera; Adelosphaeria, Anapleurothecium, Helicoascotaiwania, Melanotrigonum, Neomonodictys, Phaeoisaria, Pleurotheciella, Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys.
History edit
Pleurotheciales was introduced based on phylogenetic analyses with combined ITS, LSU, SSU, tub2, mcm7 and rpb2 dataset (Réblová et al. 2016c),[4] and also the monotypic family of Pleurotheciaceae which in turn comprises six genera; viz. Adelosphaeria, Melanotrigonum, Phaeoisaria, Pleurotheciella, Pleurothecium and Sterigmatobotrys, as well as four species Helicoön farinosum, Brachysporiella setosa, Phragmocephala stemphylioides and Taeniolella rudis.[5]
Taxa belonging to Pleurotheciales cannot be successfully differentiated based on their overlapping sexual morphology. The type of conidiogenesis can, to a certain extent, delineate species into groups within the order, since conidial secession is rhexolytic or schizolytic with holoblastic, monoblastic or polyblastic (sympodially extending) conidiogenesis (Réblová et al. 2016c). Molecular data and/or cultures are essential to establish the placement of Pleurotheciales taxa (Réblová et al. 2016c).[4] In this study, species Pleurothecium obovoideum does not cluster with other Pleurothecium species, including the type species, Pleurothecium recurvatum. This result is in agreement with Réblová et al. (2012).[6] The divergence time for Pleurotheciales is estimated as 105 MYA (million years ago), which is evidence of family status. The status as an order may need revision following further study.[7]
It was formed in 2016 within subclass Hypocreomycetidae O.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997.[8]
Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2017) considered the genera Brachysporiella and Monotosporella distinct with support of multi-locus phylogenetic analysis, and placed the genera in Kirschsteiniotheliales and Pleurotheciales, respectively.[9]
Clade III comprises members of Pleosporales (1 PP, 98% BS). The Iberian isolates related to this clade include Camposporium cambrense (FMR 12069), Dictyosporium elegans (FMR 13125), Jalapriya toruloides (FMR 11942 and FMR 12491), Monodictys sp. (FMR 12716), Trichocladium opacum (FMR 12416 and FMR 12088), and Vargamyces aquaticus (FMR 11587).[9]
This monotypic order was recently introduced with six clades (I–VI), and represents at least 11 genera (Réblová et al. 2016b).[1] According to our phylogenetic analyses Anapleurothecium is placed in the Pleurotheciales.[9]
Although still located within class Sordariomycetes.[10][2]
Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. One clade formed by five species of Conioscypha, and a second clade containing several genera of uncertain taxonomic status centred on Pleurothecium, represent two distinct taxonomic groups at the ordinal systematic rank. They are proposed as new orders, the Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales. Several taxonomic novelties are introduced in the Pleurotheciales, i.e. two new genera (Adelosphaeria and Melanotrigonum), three novel species (A. catenata, Melanotrigonum ovale, Phaeoisaria fasciculata) and a new combination (Pleurotheciella uniseptata).[11]
Conioscyphales/Pleurotheciales/Savoryellales clade in our multilocus phylogeny. Together, they are nested in a monophyly in the Hypocreomycetidae, significantly supported by Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses. Members of this clade share a few morphological characters, such as the absence of stromatic tissue or clypeus, similar anatomies of the 2-layered ascomatal walls, thin-walled unitunicate asci with a distinct, non-amyloid apical annulus, symmetrical, transversely septate ascospores and holoblastic conidiogenesis. They represent the only fungi in the Hypocreomycetidae with apically free, filiform to cylindrical, persistent or partially disintegrating paraphyses.Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).
Distribution edit
It has a scattered cosmopolitan distribution,[12] It has been found in South America as well as parts of North America, Europe, Africa, Asia, (including Japan,[10] and China) Australia and New Zealand.[8]
References edit
- ^ a b Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2016). "Newly recognized lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81. doi:10.3767/003158516X689819.
- ^ a b Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8.
- ^ Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [160]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
- ^ a b Réblová, M.; Miller, A.N.; Rossman, A.Y.; Seifert, K.A.; Crous, P.W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Abdel-Wahab, M.A.; Cannon, P.F.; Daranagama, D.A.; De Beer, Z.W.; Huang, SK; Hyde, Kevin D.; Jayawardena, R.; Jaklitsch, W.; Jones, EBG; Ju, Y.M.; Judith, C.; Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N.; Pang, K.L.; Petrini, L.E.; Raja, H.A.; Romero, A.I.; Shearer, C.A.; Senanayake, I.C.; Voglmayr, H.; Weir, B.S.; Wijayawarden, N.N. (2016). "Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales)". IMA Fungus. 7 (1): 131–153. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08. PMC 4941682. PMID 27433444.
- ^ a b Shi, Lin; Yang, Hao; Hyde, Kevin D.; Wijayawardene, Nalin N.; Wang, Gen-Nuo; Yu, Xian-Dong; Zhang, Huang (September 2021). "Freshwater Sordariomycetes: new species and new records in Pleurotheciaceae, Pleurotheciales". Phytotaxa. 518 (2): 143–166. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.518.2.4.
- ^ Réblová, M.; Seifert, K. A.; Fournier, J.; Štěpánek, V. (2012). "Phylogenetic classification of Pleurothecium and Pleurotheciella gen. nov. and its dactylaria-like anamorph (Sordariomycetes) based on nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding genes". Mycologia. 104 (6): 1299–1314. doi:10.3852/12-035. PMID 22684295. S2CID 21460176.
- ^ Gomdola, Deecksha (2 March 2021). "Pleurotheciales - Facesoffungi number: FoF 06531". Faces Of Fungi. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
- ^ a b "Pleurotheciales Réblová & Seifert 2016 - Biota of NZ". biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Hernández-Restrepo, M.; Gené, J.; Castañeda-Ruiz, R. F.; Mena-Portales, J.; Crous, P. W.; Guarro, J. (2017). "Phylogeny of saprobic microfungi from Southern Europe". Stud. Mycol. 86: 53–97. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.05.002. PMC 5470572. PMID 28626275.
- ^ a b National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Handbook Of Scientific Tables (2022), p. 787, at Google Books
- ^ Réblová, Martina; Seifert, K.A.; Fournier, J.; Štěánek, V. (2016). "Newly recognised lineages of perithecial ascomycetes: the new orders Conioscyphales and Pleurotheciales". Persoonia. 37: 57–81.
- ^ "Pleurotheciales". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
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