| DavidAnstiss/Corylus wangii | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Betulaceae |
| Genus: | Corylus |
| Species: | C. wangii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Corylus wangii | |
| Synonyms | |
|
None known,[2] | |
Corylus wangii (Weixi hazel) is a species of hazelnut found only in China. It is a small tree or shrub.
Description edit
The flowers have triangular shaped petals. The round nuts which are encased in a very tough oval shaped shell and can be consumed by humans. The plant is not commercially grown for the nuts, rather they are sometimes used as ornamental plants.[1] They are located in Western Guizhou, Hubei, South Western and Western Sichuan, and Western Yunnan.
The similar Corylus jacquemontii Decaisne, from the Himalayas, differs in having bract lobes ovate-lanceolate, usually not reflexed, without lobules.[1]
Trees small, to 7 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown, pilose and stipitate glandular when young, soon glabrous, with scattered, white lenticels. Petiole 7-20 cm, slender, pilose and stipitate glandular; leaf blade oblong or ovate-oblong, rarely obovate-oblong, 5-10 × 2.5-7 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose, base subcordate or obliquely subcordate, margin sharply and doubly serrate, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 9-13 on each side of midvein. Female flowers 4-8 in a cluster; peduncle ca. 1 cm, villous; bracts campanulate, 3-3.5 cm, striate, yellow tomentose when young, glabrescent, densely stipitate glandular, apex deeply divided into linear lobes, lobes often reflexed, ca. 2 cm × 2 mm, forked and pinnately lobulate. Nut ovoid-globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., glabrous. Fl. Jun-Aug, fr. Aug-Sep.[3] The similar Corylus jacquemontii Decaisne, from the Himalayas, differs in having bract lobes ovate-lanceolate, usually not reflexed, without lobules.[3]
Coryloid reproductive remains (Betulaceae, subfamily Coryloideae) are documented from the middle Eocene Republic flora of northeastern Washington State and the Princeton flora of southern British Columbia. The oldest confirmed examples of two modern genera, Corylus johnsonii Pigg, Manchester & Wehr sp. nov., and Carpinus perryae Pigg, Manchester & Wehr sp. nov., are reported from the Republic flora, and three new species of the extinct genus Palaeocarpinus, Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae Pigg, Manchester & Wehr sp. nov., Palaeocarpinus stonebergae Pigg, Manchester & Wehr sp. nov., and Palaeocarpinus dentatus (Penhallow) Pigg, Manchester & Wehr comb, nov., are described from Republic, Washington; Princeton, British Columbia; and Stump Lake, British Columbia, respectively. Corylus johnsonii resembles three extant Asian species: Corylus wangii, Corylus ferox, and Corylus heterophylla. Involucres of this fossil species vary from being highly dissected and spiny like C. wangii and C. ferox to more laminar like C. heterophylla. This similarity is interesting because C. ferox and perhaps also C. wangii are members of section Acanthochlamys, thought to be basal within the genus. Carpinus perryae has asymmetric leaf-like bracts that partly enclose an ovate nutlet and, thus, fits within the extant Carpinus subgenus Carpinus, a group with Asian, European, and North American affinities today. Palaeocarpinus, thought to be basal within the Coryloideae, is reported from several Eocene localities in the Okanogan Highlands. These occurrences demonstrate that this primarily Paleocene, extinct genus extended into the Eocene in western North America as it did in Asia. Associated staminate catkins containing coryloid pollen and Corylus-like leaves also occur at Republic along with P. barksdaleae. The presence in the Okanogan Highlands floras of a suite of coryloid plants including both extinct and extant genera demonstrates that, like the birch subfamily Betuloideae, the subfamily Coryloideae was also a significant and diverse group in western North America during the middle Eocene.
Medium - small shrub, up to 7m tall, husks are campulate, about twice as long as the nut,
deeply divided on the upper end into long, narrow, re-curved lobes about 2 cm long
and covered with thorns. There are about 4-5 nuts per cluster. Trees are planted as
an ornamental because of the peculiar shape of the husks. Its value for breeding cultivars
or rootstock is unknown due to unavailability of germplasm to researchers in the east.[5]
[6]
One of the Missing species from NDP "Sofiyivka" (like C.fargesii and c.yunnanensis)
National Denrological Park of Ukraine
Description edit
Biochemistry edit
Taxonomy edit
It is written as 维西榛 in Chinese script,[3] and known as wei xi zhen in Pidgin in China.[3][7] 'Zhong ya yuan wei' is translated into English as 'central Asian iris',[7] or 'central iris'.[8]
The Latin specific epithet wangii refers to
It was then first described and published by Chinese botanist Hsen Hsu Hu in Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot.) Vol.8 an page 31 in 1937.[2][7][9]
Corylus wangii Hu, Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., n.s. 8: 31. 1938. 维西榛 wei xi zhen [3]
Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany 8: 31 (Hu 1937). – Type: China, Yunnan, Weisi Hsein, Yeh-Chih, 3400 m a.s.l., Aug. 1935, C.W. Wang 68243 (lecto-, designated by Lin et al.
2007: 1249: PE01062681!; isolecto-: A00033785!, K000859895!, P01903232!, PE01062680!). –
Note: Corylus wangii was recognized in the Flora of China (Li & Skvortsov 1999) and the World
Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales (Govaerts & Frodin 1998). Hu (1948: 149), on the other
hand, regarded his species as synonymous to C. jacquemontii Decne. However, C. wangii has an
involucre with many glandular trichomes, while C. jaquemontii is eglandular. Both C. jacquemontii and C. wangii have long laciniate involucre apices, but these are sometimes divided in the latter.
This latter character is very well developed in C. ferox. The involucre of C. wangii are thus strikingly similar to C. × spinescens Rehder, an artificial hybrid between C. ferox var. tibetica and C. avellana.
[10]
Distribution and habitat edit
C. wangii is native to temperate areas of Asia.[7]
Range edit
It is found in China,[2] within the the Chinese province of Yunnan,[9][7] including in the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.[11]
Endemic to China this species is known only in northwest Yunnan. However, a reported collection from eastern Sichuan province (Fangmachang of Hongshi Ba, Wuxi County) was obtained in October 1988 by Yaodong Chen, Xintang Ma and Lianzhong Fu.[1] Lower elevation limit (metres): 3000 Upper elevation limit (metres): 4000 This species occurs as a tree to seven metres tall in temperate broad-leaved forests.[1]
Found in Weixi Mountains in Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, in Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan province, China. 2300-4500 m altitudes[5]
Habitat edit
Temperate broad-leaved forests; ca. 3000 m. NW Yunnan (Weixi Xian).[3]
it is found at altitudes between 1,800 and 3,000 m (5,900 and 9,800 ft) above sea level,
Conservation edit
In the Chinese Red List (2014) this species is assessed as Vulnerable. However, there is very little information available about this species. It is therefore assessed here as Data Deficient.[1]
An endangered species.[3]
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f Shaw, K.; Roy, S.; Wilson, B. (2014). "Corylus wangii". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2021.
- ^ a b c "Corylus wangii Hu | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 22 June 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "FOC Vol. 4 Page 287". efloras.org. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ Pigg, Kathleen B.; Manchester, Steven R.; Wehr, Wesley C. (September 2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and allenby formations of north-western North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ a b Jules Janick and James N. Moore (Editors) Fruit Breeding, Nuts (1996) at Google Books
- ^ Anatoly I. Opalko, Larissa I. Weisfeld, Sarra A. Bekuzarova, Nina A. Bome and Gennady E. Zaikov (Editors)Ecological Consequences of Increasing Crop Productivity: Plant Breeding and Biotic Diversity ( ), p. 164, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e "DavidAnstiss/Corylus wangii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
csdbwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b "Corylaceae Corylus wangii Hu". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 12 September 2017.
- ^ HOLSTEIN, Norbert; TAMER, Sarah el; WEIGEND, Maximilian (2018). "The nutty world of hazel names – a critical taxonomic checklist of the genus Corylus (Betulaceae)". European Journal of Taxonomy. 409: 1–45. doi:10.5852/ejt.2018.409.
- ^ Jingyun Fang, Zhiheng Wang and Zhiyao Tang (Editors) Atlas of Woody Plants in China: Distribution and Climate, Volume 1 (2011), p. 138, at Google Books
External links edit
- Govaerts, R. World checklist of selected plant families (on-line resource).
- Thompson, M. M. et al. 1996. Hazelnuts. Fruit breeding, 3 vols. 3:125-184. Note: this review mentioned for this species: "its value for breeding cultivars or for rootstock development is unknown"
wangii ;Category:Endemic flora of China ;Category:Trees of China