| DavidAnstiss/Corylus sieboldiana | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Betulaceae |
| Genus: | Corylus |
| Species: | C. sieboldiana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Corylus sieboldiana | |
| Synonyms[2][3] | |
| |
Corylus sieboldiana (Asian beaked hazel) is a species of hazelnut found in north-eastern Asia and Japan. It is a small tree or shrub with
It has 2 known varieties, Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica (the Manchurian hazelnut) and Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana (the Japanese hazel).
The flowers have triangular shaped petals. The round nuts which are encased in a very tough oval shaped shell and can be consumed by humans. The plant is not commercially grown for the nuts, rather they are sometimes used as ornamental plants. They are located in Western Guizhou, Hubei, South Western and Western Sichuan, and Western Yunnan. (from Corylus yunnanensis)
Description edit
Corylus sieboldiana, Asian Beaked Hazel or Tsunohassibami (scientific name: Corylus sieboldiana) is a deciduous shrub of the betulaceae. Inflorescences Unisexual flowers is obana inflorescences the small bracts overlapping. Leaf length is 6 to 10 cm, slender leaves, many with heavy serrated, leaf is the leaf margin. Kaho and bloom in the spring, that culminated in the fall of a pinecone-shaped, oblong. Fruit panicle length is 4-5 cm, Spike color is pale yellow-green.[4]
Common name: Corylus sieboldiana, scientific name: Corylus sieboldiana, aka: nagahassibami, Asian Beaked Hazel, life type: deciduous broad-leaved tree, height: 4-5 m, leaf length: cm, leaf color, leaf shape: oval, leaf length: 5-10 cm, leaf margin, heavily serrated, leaf veins: clear, leaf arrangement: alternate, Monoecious, Unisexual flowers, Flower color: Tan, male flowers form small bracts overlapping catkins, male: cm long inflorescence, pistillate inflorescences: capitate stigma color: Red flowering: March-April, type fruit, nuts, fruiting period: 9-10-fruit length: 1-1.5 cm, edible fruit color: Tan, fruit.[4]
shrubby asian hazelnut, similarities to north american spe corylus cornuta
differences mandshurica has long up to 6cm, less constricted tubular husks, and leaves that are more cordate, more coarse serrated and more lobed. the plants are medium to large shrubs to 5m, long husks are tubular, 1.5 to 4cm long, tightly constricted above the nut, densely covered with bristles. Nuts can be harvested locally from wild shrubs [5]
husks covered with bristly hairs (similarly to Corylus cornuta and Corylus californica). leaves are elliptical downy on the undersides, have a central red patch. conical nuts occur in clusters of one to nine in very long tubular husks. nuts mature very late [6]
Shrubs to 6 m tall; bark gray-brown, fissured. Branchlets pubescent, villous, stipitate glandular, glabrescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, slender, pubescent, villous, stipitate glandular; leaf margin regularly acute-serrate elliptic or oval leaves with more or less gradually pointed at the apex, 5-12m × 5-12cm, lateral veins (7) 8-9(12) on each side of midvein. Male inflorescences 2-4 in a cluster; peduncle short; bracts ovate-triangular, densely pubescent. Female flowers 2-4 in a cluster; tubular bracts shallowly divided into lobes, bract lobes (0) 2-6(8) mm long, narrower tube of involucre 2-8 mm width. male inflorescence 2-5. nut ovoid, 15-20 mm wide.[7]
Flowering March
shrub up to 15 ft high, with elliptic to obovate double and slightly lobed leaves, 2-4 inches long, often with a purple blotch in the middle. The tubular involucre covered with bristly hairs, is 1 to 2 inches long and encloses the edible nut [8]
Taxonomy edit
It is commonly known as Asian beaked hazel,[4][9] Japanese Hazel[8][5][10] or Japanese Filbert[11] and Manchurian hazel.[5][8] (See below)
The Latin specific epithet sieboldiana refers to German physician and botanist Philipp Franz von Siebold (1796-1866).[12]
It was then first described and published by Carl Ludwig Blume in his book, "Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum sive stirpium Exoticarum" (Mus. Bot.) Volume 1 on page 310 in 1851.[2][13]
It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life,[14] and is accepted by the RHS.[10]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 10 August 1998.[15] [15]
It has 2 known varieties;[2][5]
- Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid.,[15] (also the Manchurian hazelnut,[9][5] or Manchurian filbert[16]) which was published in Plantae Wilsonianae. An Enumeration of the Woody Plants Collected in Western China for the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University... Cambridge, MA. (edited by C.S.Sargent) Vol.2 on page 454 in 1916 and its native range is from SE. Siberia to N. & Central Japan.[17][18]
- Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana (also the Japanese hazel[5]), its native range is S. Korea and Japan.[19]
5. Corylus sieboldiana Blume – Asian beaked hazel, Japanese hazel. Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica Distribution: SE. Siberia, China to N. & Central Japan (Amur, Chita, Japan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Manchuria, Primorye) Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana Distribution: S. Korea, Japan. It inhabits forests and thickets of temperate climate, at 400-2600 m a.s.l. Literature: Govaerts, R. (2003).[20]
Distribution and habitat edit
C. sieboldiana is native to temperate area of Asia. Stretching from Russian Siberia through China to Japan and Korea.[1][15]
Range edit
It is found in Russia, (within the regions of; Siberia,[2] Khabarovsk,[2] Primorye,[2] and Amur,[2]) in China,[4] (within the Provinves of; Heilongjiang, Henan, Hebei, Gansu, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Nei Mongol Zizhiqu[15]) in Japan,[10][2][4] (in the provinces of Hokkaidô and Honshu]) and Korea.[15][7][2]
Habitat edit
It grows in mixed forests and open sites.[1] On the Japanese island of Shikoku, it grows on sunny mountains.[4] In Korea, C. sieboldiana var mandshurica only occurs in mountain elevations above 200m.[5]
Cultivation edit
It is affected by plant pathogens such as microsphaera alni,[21] and pucciniastrum coryli.[22] Allthough C. mandshurica is highly resistant to Eastern filbert blight.[23]
Needs fertile soil rich in organic matter, good soil moisture and high humidity[5]
C. sieboldiana is not often used in breeding programs.[6] Not used in breeding because of the closed husks and smaller nuts compared to c. heterophylla.[5]
it is able to survive a frigid winter of -48°C compared to Corylus avellana.[23]
Uses edit
The nuts of all Corylus species are edible.[24][8][25]
Use from the tightness of Park trees and wood used in building materials and furniture.[4]
References edit
- ^ a b c Shaw, Kirsty; Shyamali, Roy; Wilson, Becky; Rivers, Malin C. (2016-02-29). "Species: Corylus sieboldiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Corylus sieboldiana Blume". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana Blume". www.worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Asian Beaked Hazel | Corylus sieboldiana | | Flower Database". www.flower-db.com. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Jules Janick and James N. Moore (Editors) Fruit Breeding, Nuts (2008), p. 131, at Google Books
- ^ a b Jules Janick and Robert E. Paull (Editors) The Encyclopedia of Fruit and Nuts (2008), p. 164, at Google Books
- ^ a b "Corylus sieboldiana [Blume ]". florakorea.myspecies.info. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d Knowles A. Ryerson, United States Department of Agriculture Plant Inventory, Issues 106-132 (May 1933), p. 48, at Google Books
- ^ a b "Hazel Tree Types, Pictures and Species of Hazelnuts (Corylus)". www.treenames.net. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ a b c "Corylus sieboldiana | Japanese hazel/RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ John M. Harvey and W.T. Pentzer Market Diseases of Grapes and Other Small Fruits, Agriculture Handbook, Issues 191-200 (November 1960), p. 303, at Google Books
- ^ D. Gledhill The A to Z of Plant Names: A Quick Reference Guide to 4000 Garden Plants, p. 107, at Google Books
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana | International Plant Names Index". www.ipni.org. Retrieved 9 July 2020.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana". eol.org. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "DavidAnstiss/Corylus sieboldiana". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana var. mandschurica | Manchurian Filbert | Manchurian Hazelnut | plant lust". plantlust.com. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C.K.Schneid. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana var. mandshurica (Maxim.) C. K. Schneid". eol.org. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ "Corylus sieboldiana var. sieboldiana | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
- ^ Čokeša, Vlado; Pavlović, Branka; Stajic, Snezana; Poduška, Zoran; Jović, Đorđe (December 2020). "Corylus L.: Its diversity, geographical distribution and morpho-anatomical characteristics with special reference to the systematic classification and phylogenics of Turkish hazel (Corylus colurna L.)". Sustainable Forestry Collection: 81–82. doi:10.5937/SustFor2081001Q.
- ^ Perley Spaulding Foreign Diseases of Forest Trees of the World: An Annotated List (August 1961), p. 303, at Google Books
- ^ John M. Harvey and W.T. Pentzer Market Diseases of Grapes and Other Small Fruits, Agriculture Handbook, Issues 191-200 (November 1960), p. 225, at Google Books
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Transcriptomewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
efloraswas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Helmstetter, Andrew J.; Buggs, Richard J. A.; Lucas, Stuart J. (2019). "Repeated long-distance dispersal and convergent evolution in hazel". Scientific Reports. 9.
External links edit
- Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource) URL: www.skud.info
- Chang, C. S. et al. 2004. A multivariate morphometric study on Corylus sieboldiana complex (Betulaceae) in China, Korea, and Japan. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 42:222-235.
- Chang, C. S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
- Coyne, C. J. et al. 1998. Sources of resistance to eastern filbert blight in hazelnut. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 123:253-257.
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
- Erdogan, V. & S. A. Mehlenbacher. 2000. Interspecific hybridization in hazelnut (Corylus). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 125:489-497.
- Forest Experimental Station, Korea. 1966. Illustrated woody plants of Korea.
- Govaerts, R. & D. G. Frodin. 1998. World checklist and bibliography of Fagales
- Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
- Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
- Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
- Kasapligil, B. 1972. A bibliography on Corylus (Betulaceae) with annotations. Rep. (Annual) N. Nut Grower's Assoc. 63:162.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third.
- Mehlenbacher, S. A. 1991. Hazelnuts (Corylus). Acta Hort. 290:791-836.
- Molnar, T. J. 2011. Chapter 2. Corylus. Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, forest trees 15-48.
- Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (Engl. ed.).
- Rehder, A. 1949. Bibliography of cultivated trees and shrubs.
- Wang, G. X. et al. 2018. Resources and production of hazelnut in China. Acta Hort. 1226:59-63. Note: as "Corylus mandshurica Maxim"
