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coar fine medi anae CaCO3 cold drou fert fire fros hedg mois pH pH plan plan prec prec root sali shad temp

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The "uses" column encodes (not in this order): construction, landscaping, posts, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers, winter holiday decorations.

Conifers
Species and a common name[1][2][3] Notes and commercial uses In Canada's
inventory?

Distri­bution[3][a]


avg height;
growth rate

Limits for soil pH, annual precipitation and low temperature Tolerance to
drought (D),
fire (F),
liming (L)[b] and
shade (S)
Landscapes, bark and cones with foliage
Abies concolor ()[4] Uses: yynynyy[4][5] No

AZ CO ID NM NV OR UT WY


120 ft (37 m); slow [4]

pH 5.5–7.8

18–80 in (46–203 cm)
−38 °F (−39 °C)[4]

D: medium
F: medium
L: low
S: intermediate [4]
Abies magnifica ()[6] Uses: yynynyy[6][7] No

CA NV OR


150 ft (46 m); slow [6]

pH 5.0–6.1

33–64 in (84–163 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[6]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: tolerant [6]
Abies procera ()[8] Uses: yynynyy[8][9] No

CA OR WA


230 ft (70 m); rapid [8]

pH 6.0–7.5

64–120 in (160–300 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[8]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: intermediate [8]
Calocedrus decurrens ()[10] Uses: nynnyny[10][11] No

CA NV OR


100 ft (30 m); slow [10]

pH 4.6–7.1

20–80 in (51–203 cm)
−25 °F (−32 °C)[10]

D: medium
F: low
L: low
S: intermediate [10]
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana ()[12] Uses: nynnnnn[12][13] No

CA OR


200 ft (61 m); moderate [12]

pH 4.2–7.5

49–110 in (120–280 cm)
−12 °F (−24 °C)[12]

D: low
F: medium
L: medium
S: tolerant [12]
Juniperus occidentalis ()[14] Uses: nnnyyny[14][15] No

CA ID NV OR WA


33 ft (10 m); slow [14]

pH 6.0–8.5

8–24 in (20–61 cm)
−33 °F (−36 °C)[14]

D: high
F: low
L: high
S: intolerant [14]
Picea breweriana ()[16] Uses: nynynnn[16][17] No

CA OR


100 ft (30 m); slow [16]

pH 4.6–7.5

21–110 in (53–279 cm)
−13 °F (−25 °C)[16]

D: low
F: low
L: none
S: tolerant [16]
Picea pungens ()[18] Uses: ynnynnn[18][19] No

AZ CO ID MN NM UT WY


100 ft (30 m); slow [18]

pH 5.5–7.8

20–45 in (51–114 cm)
−38 °F (−39 °C)[18]

D: medium
F: low
L: high
S: intermediate [18]
Pinus clausa ()[20] Uses: yynnnyn[20][21] No

TX


80 ft (24 m); slow [20]

pH 4.2–5.5

40–65 in (100–170 cm)
2 °F (−17 °C)[20]

D: low
F: low
L: none
S: intermediate [20]
Pinus echinata ()[22] Uses: yyyyyyy[22][23] No

AR LA MO OK TX


100 ft (30 m); rapid [22]

pH 4.0–6.0

34–65 in (86–165 cm)
−18 °F (−28 °C)[22]

D: medium
F: high
L: low
S: intolerant [22]
Pinus edulis ()[24] Uses: ynnyynn[24][25] No

AZ CA CO NM NV OK TX UT WY


50 ft (15 m); slow [24]

pH 6.5–8.5

9–27 in (23–69 cm)
−31 °F (−35 °C)[24]

D: high
F: low
L: low
S: intolerant [24]
Pinus elliottii ()[26] Uses: nyyyyyy[26][27] No

LA TX


100 ft (30 m); rapid [26]

pH 4.0–6.4

40–80 in (100–200 cm)
−18 °F (−28 °C)[26]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: intolerant [26]
Pinus jeffreyi ()[28] Uses: nyyyyyy[28][29] No

CA NV OR


180 ft (55 m); rapid [28]

pH 5.6–8.4

20–80 in (51–203 cm)
−38 °F (−39 °C)[28]

D: medium
F: medium
L: none
S: intolerant [28]
Pinus lambertiana ()[30] Uses: nynnnyy[30][31] No

CA NV OR


229 ft (70 m); rapid [30]

pH 5.6–8.0

25–90 in (64–229 cm)
−28 °F (−33 °C)[30]

D: medium
F: low
L: none
S: intermediate [30]
Pinus monophylla ()[32] Uses: ynnyynn[32][33] No

AZ CA NV ID NM UT


50 ft (15 m); slow [32]

pH 6.2–7.5

11–20 in (28–51 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[32]

D: high
F: low
L: high
S: intolerant [32]
Pinus palustris ()[34] Uses: nyyyyyy[34][35] No

AR LA TX


120 ft (37 m); rapid [34]

pH 6.0–7.0

40–60 in (100–150 cm)
−3 °F (−19 °C)[34]

D: medium
F: medium
L: low
S: intolerant [34]
Pinus radiata ()[36] Uses: ynnynnn[36][37] No

CA


120 ft (37 m); rapid [36]

pH 4.5–5.2

16–30 in (41–76 cm)
23 °F (−5 °C)[36]

D: low
F: none
L: low
S: intermediate [36]
Pinus sabiniana ()[38] Uses: nnnynnn[38][39] No

CA OR


80 ft (24 m); slow [38]

pH 6.0–8.3

14–24 in (36–61 cm)
12 °F (−11 °C)[38]

D: high
F: low
L: medium
S: intolerant [38]
Pinus taeda ()[40] Uses: nyynyyy[40][41] No

AR LA MO OK TX


100 ft (30 m); rapid [40]

pH 4.0–7.0

35–65 in (89–165 cm)
−8 °F (−22 °C)[40]

D: low
F: high
L: medium
S: intolerant [40]
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa ()[42] Uses: nnnynnn[42][43] No

CA


75 ft (23 m); moderate [42]

pH 5.0–7.0

12–40 in (30–102 cm)
−13 °F (−25 °C)[42]

D: high
F: low
L: none
S: intolerant [42]
Sequoia sempervirens ()[44] Uses: nynyyyy[44][45] No

CA OR


250 ft (76 m); rapid [44]

pH 5.0–7.0

20–200 in (51–508 cm)
7 °F (−14 °C)[44]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: tolerant [44]
Sequoiadendron giganteum ()[46] Uses: nynynnn[46][47] No

CA


200 ft (61 m); slow [46]

pH 5.5–7.5

35–55 in (89–140 cm)
−24 °F (−31 °C)[46]

D: medium
F: none
L: low
S: intolerant [46]
Taxodium distichum ()[48] Uses: nyyyynn[48][49] No

AR LA MO OK TX


130 ft (40 m); rapid [48]

pH 4.5–6.0

40–65 in (100–170 cm)
−18 °F (−28 °C)[48]

D: low
F: low
L: none
S: intermediate [48]

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uses hgt rate CaCO3 drou fire pH pH prec prec shad temp last
Abies concolor ()[4] Uses: yynynyy[4][5] No

AZ CO ID NM NV OR UT WY


120 ft (37 m); slow [4]

pH 5.5–7.8

18–80 in (46–203 cm)
−38 °F (−39 °C)[4]

D: medium
F: medium
L: low
S: intermediate$thinsp;[4]
Abies magnifica ()[6] Uses: yynynyy[6][7] No

CA NV OR


150 ft (46 m); slow [6]

pH 5.0–6.1

33–64 in (84–163 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[6]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: tolerant$thinsp;[6]

temp6

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Conifers
Species and a common name[1][2][3] Notes and commercial uses In Canada's
inventory?

Distri­bution[3][c]


avg height;
growth rate

Limits for soil pH, annual precipitation and low temperature Tolerance to
drought (D),
fire (F),
liming (L)[d] and
shade (S)
Landscapes, bark and cones with foliage
Abies concolor ()[4] Uses: yynynyy[4][5] No

AZ CO ID NM NV OR UT WY


120 ft (37 m); slow [4]

pH 5.5–7.8

18–80 in (46–203 cm)
−38 °F (−39 °C)[4]

D: medium
F: medium
L: low
S: intermediate$thinsp;[4]
Abies magnifica ()[6] Uses: yynynyy[6][7] No

CA NV OR


150 ft (46 m); slow [6]

pH 5.0–6.1

33–64 in (84–163 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[6]

D: low
F: low
L: low
S: tolerant$thinsp;[6]
  1. ^ a b POWO.
  2. ^ a b Burns & Honkala 1991, pp. v–vi.
  3. ^ a b c d National Plant Data Team 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o National Plant Data Team 2023, Abies concolor: Characteristics.
  5. ^ a b c Laacke 1991, pp. 36–46.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o National Plant Data Team 2023, Abies magnifica: Characteristics.
  7. ^ a b c Laacke 1991, pp. 71–79.
  8. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Abies procera: Characteristics.
  9. ^ Franklin 1991, pp. 80–87.
  10. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Calocedrus decurrens: Characteristics.
  11. ^ Powers`Oliver 1991, pp. 173–180.
  12. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: Characteristics.
  13. ^ Zobel 1991, pp. 88–96.
  14. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Juniperus occidentalis: Characteristics.
  15. ^ Dealy 1991, pp. 109–115.
  16. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Picea breweriana: Characteristics.
  17. ^ Thornburgh 1991, pp. 181–186.
  18. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Picea pungens: Characteristics.
  19. ^ Fechner 1991, pp. 238–249.
  20. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus clausa: Characteristics.
  21. ^ Brendemuehl 1991, pp. 294–301.
  22. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus echinata: Characteristics.
  23. ^ Lawson 1991, pp. 316–326.
  24. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus edulis: Characteristics.
  25. ^ Ronco 1991, pp. 327–337.
  26. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus elliottii: Characteristics.
  27. ^ Lohrey`Kossuth 1991, pp. 338–348.
  28. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus jeffreyi: Characteristics.
  29. ^ Jenkinson 1991, pp. 359–369.
  30. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus lambertiana: Characteristics.
  31. ^ Kinloch`Scheuner 1991, pp. 370–379.
  32. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus monophylla: Characteristics.
  33. ^ Meeuwig`Budy`Everett 1991, pp. 380–384.
  34. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus palustris: Characteristics.
  35. ^ Boyer 1991, pp. 405–413.
  36. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus radiata: Characteristics.
  37. ^ McDonald`Laacke 1991, pp. 433–441.
  38. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus sabiniana: Characteristics.
  39. ^ Powers 1991, pp. 463–469.
  40. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus taeda: Characteristics.
  41. ^ Baker`Langdon 1991, pp. 497–512.
  42. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Pseudotsuga macrocarpa: Characteristics.
  43. ^ McDonald 1991, pp. 520–526.
  44. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Sequoia sempervirens: Characteristics.
  45. ^ Olson`Roy`Walters 1991, pp. 541–551.
  46. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Sequoiadendron giganteum: Characteristics.
  47. ^ Weatherspoon 1991, pp. 552–562.
  48. ^ a b c d e National Plant Data Team 2023, Taxodium distichum: Characteristics.
  49. ^ Wilhite`Toliver 1991, pp. 563–572.

temp11

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Conifers
Species and a common name[1][2][3] Notes and commercial uses In Canada's
inventory?

Distri­bution[3]


avg height;
growth rate

Limits for soil pH, annual precipitation and low temperature Tolerance to
drought (D),
fire (F),
liming (L) and
shade (S)
Landscapes, bark and cones with foliage
Pinus glabra (spruce pine) Grows near water or in swampland in coastal plains. The wood is brittle, not durable, and not highly valued.

Uses: construction, winter holiday decorations[4][5]

No

AL FL GA MS SC


90 ft (27 m); rapid [4]

pH 3.8–5.6

35–66 in (89–168 cm)
−2 °F (−19 °C)[4]

D: low
F: none
L: none
S: tolerant [4]
Pinus virginiana (Virginia pine) Formerly called "scrub pine", it has become a principle provider of timber and pulpwood in the Southeastern US, and a popular choice for reforestation and mine reclamation sites.

Uses: construction, landscaping, posts, pulpwood, terpenes, veneers, winter holiday decorations[6][7]

No

All states east of the Mississippi except for FL MI WI and the New England states


70 ft (21 m); rapid [6]

pH 4.5–7.5

32–65 in (81–165 cm)
−23 °F (−31 °C)[6]

D: high
F: medium
L: low
S: intolerant [6]
  1. ^ For state trees, see List of U.S. state and territory trees.
  2. ^ Labeled "CaCO3" in the USDA Plants Database, referring to a range of liming compounds, not just calcium carbonate.
  3. ^ For state trees, see List of U.S. state and territory trees.
  4. ^ Labeled "CaCO3" in the USDA Plants Database, referring to a range of liming compounds, not just calcium carbonate.
  1. ^ POWO.
  2. ^ Burns & Honkala 1991, pp. v–vi.
  3. ^ a b National Plant Data Team 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus glabra: Characteristics.
  5. ^ Kossuth 1991, pp. 355–358.
  6. ^ a b c d National Plant Data Team 2023, Pinus virginiana: Characteristics.
  7. ^ Carter 1991, pp. 513–519.