Zavižan is the area consisting of a group of peaks surrounding a plateau on the Velebit mountain range in Croatia. The locality is part of the Northern Velebit National Park.[1]
The peaks in the Zavižan group are Zavižan or Veliki Zavižan (1,676 m, 5,499 ft elevation), Vučjak (1,644 m, 5,394 ft), Zavižanska Kosa (1,620 m, 5,310 ft) and Balinovac (1,601 m, 5,253 ft). Zavižan also hosts the eponymous hut and weather station.[1]
Geography
editMeteorological station
editHistory
editClimate
editLocated at 1,594 m (5,230 ft) ASL on the plateau south of the Vučjak peak, Zavižan has the highest-altitude staffed weather station in Croatia.[a] It has been operated continuously since 1 October 1953. The station has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with a mean annual temperature of 3.3 °C (37.9 °F), seeing the lowest temperature averages, strongest winds, most snowfall and most fog days among Croatian weather stations. The warmest month is July with a daily mean of 12.2 °C (54.0 °F), while February, the coldest month, sees a mean of −4.3 °C (24.3 °F). July and August are the only months reliably averaging over 10 °C (50 °F).[4]
Snowfall is heavy in winter; snow falls and blizzards occur nearly every day during the winter months.[5] The snowy season typically lasts from the middle of the October to late May, although snow can fall in any month of the year,[4] and the karst topography of Velebit provides for snow holes, crevasses where snow lingers through the summer, sheltered from direct sunlight.[6][4] The most snow accumulation typically occurs in February and March, where the average depth is 130 cm (51 in). March 1984 saw the deepest snow cover on record in Zavižan at 320 cm (130 in), while a snow drift was recorded at 15 m (49 ft) the following year.[4]
Temperature does not rise above freezing on average 73 days per year, while 29 days see temperatures under −10 °C (14 °F).[7]: 12 The record minimum was −28.6 °C (−19.5 °F) in 1956.[8] Because of temperature inversion, during extreme cold snaps lowlands in Croatia are prone to lower temperatures than highlands;[9]: 23 nearby Gospić at 656 m (2,152 ft) ASL has experienced −33.5 °C (−28.3 °F).[10] However, the winter cold on Velebit is exacerbated by strong bora winds which can reach 150 km/h (93 mph).[11]
Between 1961 and 1990 only six days exceeded 25 °C (77 °F).[9]: 24
| Climate data for Zavižan | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
23.1 (73.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
14.6 (58.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.4 (34.5) |
4.4 (39.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
16.6 (61.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.4 (47.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.5 (32.9) |
7.2 (44.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.5 (25.7) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
3.8 (38.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
3.8 (38.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
9.4 (48.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−2.3 (27.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
1.1 (33.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.5 (−12.1) |
−28.6 (−19.5) |
−22.6 (−8.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−24.2 (−11.6) |
−28.6 (−19.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 144.7 (5.70) |
147.2 (5.80) |
147.0 (5.79) |
179.3 (7.06) |
154.7 (6.09) |
156.4 (6.16) |
86.5 (3.41) |
121.8 (4.80) |
180.4 (7.10) |
215.9 (8.50) |
245.6 (9.67) |
204.0 (8.03) |
1,983.5 (78.11) |
| Average precipitation days | 12.1 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 13.9 | 11.3 | 11.0 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 9.6 | 11.6 | 13.0 | 13.7 | 134.5 |
| Average snowy days | 29.1 | 27.2 | 29.8 | 27.9 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 4.7 | 16.1 | 27.6 | 173.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 94.9 | 103.3 | 135.6 | 161.3 | 220.0 | 237.7 | 298.3 | 280.2 | 198.8 | 143.4 | 86.8 | 81.0 | 2,041.3 |
| Source: National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (Croatia) [5] | |||||||||||||
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Zavižan". Northern Velebit National Park. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "MeteoDinara - meteopostaja i kamere na najvišem planinarskom objektu". Croatian Radiotelevision (in Croatian). 27 April 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "U pla-ni-neeee, jer tamo - nema vrućine..." Croatian Radiotelevision (in Croatian). 8 July 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b c d "Climate". Northern Velebit National Park. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b "Monthly Climate Values" (PDF). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 2014-08-22.
- ^ Balen, Marko (27 August 2011). "Spas od vrućina na Velebitu: Oaze s vječnim snijegom". Dnevnik.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 16 September 2019.
- ^ Pandžić, Krešo; Čačić, Ivan; Žibrat, Zvonko; Grisogono, Branko (2011). Vremenske ćudi Zavižana (PDF) (in Croatian). Northern Velebit National Park and Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. ISBN 978-953-7552-07-7. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ Vakula, Zoran (7 March 2016). "60-ak godina, a samo jedna žena!?". Croatian Radiotelevision (in Croatian). Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ a b Zaninović, Ksenija, ed. (2008). Climate atlas of Croatia (PDF) (in English and Croatian). Zagreb: Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. ISBN 978-953-7526-01-6. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- ^ "Mjesečne vrijednosti za Gospić u razdoblju 1872.−2015" (in Croatian). Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
- ^ Ravlić, Anto (7 January 2017). "Jedini stanar doma na Zavižanu Ante Vukušić: 'Kad puše 150 na sat, minus 19 je kao minus 50 stupnjeva'". Novi list (in Croatian). Retrieved 22 August 2019.
External links
editTo do
edit- http://www.np-sjeverni-velebit.hr/posjeti/lokaliteti/zavizan/?lang=en
- https://www.hps.hr/info/planinarske-kuce/planinarski-dom-zavizan/
- https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/meteoroloska-postaja-zavizan-sutra-obiljezava-50-obljetnicu/161879.aspx
- https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/monografija-o-zavizanu-i-50-godina-njegove-meteoroloske-postaje/165036.aspx
- http://www.novilist.hr/Vijesti/Hrvatska/Jedini-stanar-doma-na-Zavizanu-Ante-Vukusic-Kad-puse-150-na-sat-minus-19-je-kao-minus-50-stupnjeva
- http://klima.hr/razno/zanimljivosti/zavizan_50g.pdf
- https://www.24sata.hr/news/na-zavizanu-sam-ponekad-zivio-kao-da-je-kameno-doba-559194
- https://www.vecernji.hr/gospodar-oluja-plasi-se-gromova-801816
- https://croatia.hr/hr-HR/dozivljaji/aktivni-odmor/setanje-i-planinarenje/sjeverni-velebit
- https://www.gloria.hr/zivot/putovanja/prijedlog-putovanja-s-mora-na-planinu-popnite-se-na-zavizan/9031013/
- https://www.hrt.hr/325321/vrijeme-i-promet/od-1953-na-1594-samo-jedna-ali-vrijedna
- https://www.jutarnji.hr/life/zivotne-price/neustrasiva-licanka-bez-kacige-sjekire-i-pile-ne-ide-na-velebit/4546385/
- https://zadarski.slobodnadalmacija.hr/regional/clanak/id/445696/upoznajte-glavnu-rendzericu-np-sjeverni-velebit-ljiljana-ne-poznaje-strah-ni-od-zmija-niti-od-medvjeda-vukova-divljih-macaka
- https://www.express.hr/znanost/prognoza-ljeto-2018-bit-ce-nam-pakleno-kao-i-proslo-16383
Category:Karst plateaus Category:Meteorological stations Category:Dinaric Alps Category:Lika Category:Landforms of Lika-Senj County