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User:Cloudchased/sandbox/Typhoon Lingling

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This page is about the 2001 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see Tropical Storm Lingling.
Typhoon Lingling (Nanang)
Very strong typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Lingling buffeting the coast of Vietnam
Formed5 November 2001
Dissipated12 November 2001
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 155 km/h (100 mph)
1-minute sustained: 215 km/h (130 mph)
Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg
Fatalities221 deaths, 137 missing,
Damage$22.7 million (2001 USD)
Areas affectedPhilippines, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
Part of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Lingling (international designation: 0123,[1] JTWC designation: 27W, PAGASA name: Nanang)

[nb 1][nb 2]

Meteorological history

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Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On 3 November 2001, an area of convection – thunderstorms – developed east-southeast of Yap within a monsoon trough; however, the disturbance remained disorganized, lacking a low-level circulation center. However, conditions were conducive for further development, influenced by a nearby subtropical ridge axis. Following the development of multiple low-level circulation centers, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert at 2000 UTC on 5 November. Four hours later, at 0000 UTC on 6 November the JTWC instituted warnings on Tropical Depression 27W as it slowly drifted westward, 165 km (105 mi) east-northeast of Mindanao,[nb 3] as did the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), which designated the system Nanang,[4] and the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).[1][nb 4] PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical storm at 0600 UTC as its structure further organized and convection increased, and at 1800 UTC, the JMA designated the depression, now situated above southern Leyte, as Lingling. As convection continued to further develop, with considerable outflow in its northern fringes, the JTWC upgraded the system to tropical storm strength while stationed over northern Cebu on 7 November.[4]

A low- to mid-level ridge – an elongated area of high atmospheric pressures – paralleling the coast of southern China turned the system slightly west-northwestward, and while a trough slightly perturbed the subtropical ridge, its influence was not significant enough to cause the tropical storm to curve northward.[5] Despite crossing over Negros and Panay, the storm retained much of its initial intensity, in fact slightly strengthening after meandering across the Philippines, with the JTWC upping its estimate of 1-minute maximum sustained winds to 100 km/h (65 mph) by 1200 UTC on 8 November.[4] Six hours later, the JMA declared Lingling a severe tropical storm, acquiring 10-minute sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph).[1] A Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) pass exposed the development of rainbands around Lingling's southern fringes, while intensifying and expanding convection was observed on satellite imagery.[6] By 0000 UTC on 9 September, the storm's center had completed its passage through the Mindoro Strait, entering the South China Sea slightly stronger as a typhoon, sustaining winds of 120 km/h (75 mph);[4] the JMA followed in recognizing the system as a typhoon twelve hours later.[1] By 1800 UTC, the JTWC again raised its estimate of the typhoon's strength, upping winds to 165 km/h (105 mph) and 185 km/h (115 mph) six hours later.[4]

Lingling's convection continued to organize further as it drifted west-northwest, rapidly intensifying,[4] and acquired its peak 1-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) at 1200 UTC on 10 November,[7] developing a 35 km (20 mi)-diameter eye around the same time;[8] soon thereafter, it attained its peak intensity, with a estimated minimum pressure of 940 mbar (hPa; 27.76 inHg),[7] strengthening under the influence of a monsoon surge – displaced deep monsoon flow in regions not usually influenced by it.[9] The ridge north of the cyclone continued to steer the cyclone mostly westward,[4] and upper-level winds in the northeastern quadrant of the typhoon strengthened slightly, causing the eyewall to deteriorate slightly.[10] As Lingling neared Vietnam as an intense typhoon, it weakened significantly, with with 1-minute sustained winds decreasing to 175 km/h (110 mph) by 1800 UTC on 11 November.[7] By the time it made landfall upon Qui Nhơn around 1930 UTC,[4] convection had decreased significantly in the cyclone's eastern quadrants,[11] and the JTWC downgraded the system to a tropical storm at 0000 UTC on 12 November before dropping advisories on the disturbance six hours later as it rapidly weakened,[4] and the JMA followed in declaring the depression dissipated twelve hours later.[1]

Preparations and impact

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In the Philippines, Lingling forced the cancellation of ferry service to Camiguin, while suspension of commercial sea travel between southeastern Luzon and the central Visayas stranded hundreds at Matnog;[12] in addition, schools closed in central Leyte and Samar provinces due to the typhoon.[13] Authorities coordinated the evacuation of 40,000 individuals from Negros Occidental province,[14] while to the southeast, 5,000 fled from Camiguin province.[13] Shelters were set up in schools and government buildings,[15] while and in all, the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDDC) estimated that 183,435 evacuated in advance of the storm.[16] In Vietnam, authorities evacuated young and elderly individuals to shelters from areas most at risk from Lingling along its central coastline, while military and police officials readied for the typhoon's arrival. In addition, the government also banned fishing vessels from going out to sea and urged ships already at sea to seek refuge by land.[17] In all, 562 families were evacuated, provided food and shelter by provincial governments; another 1,000 fled from Thừa Thiên–Huế Province due to the risk of landslides following heavy rains produced by the typhoon.[18]


Death tolls:

  • Philippines: 201 deaths, 152 injured, 137 missing
    • Camiguin: 139 deaths, 131 injured, 119 missing
      • Mahinog: 104 deaths
      • Sagay: 7 deaths
      • Catarman: 3 deaths
      • Mambajao: 3 deaths
    • Misamis Oriental: (8 deaths)
      • Cagayan de Oro: 8 deaths
    • Cebu: (24 deaths)
      • Copper mine: 14 deaths
      • Toledo City: 8 deaths
      • Cebu City: 2 deaths
    • Negros Occidental: 8 deaths [17 deaths total on Negros Island]
      • Tiglawigna: 1 death
      • ?: 1 death
    • Bohol: 1 death
  • Vietnam: 20 deaths, 83 injuredRW
    • Phu Yen: 15 deaths, 43 injured
    • Binh Dinh: 2 deaths
    • Quang Ngai: 3 deaths

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Aftermath

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See also

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Notes

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ All damage totals are in 2001 values of their respective currencies.
  2. ^ The total was originally reported in currency name. Total converted via the Oanda Corporation website.[2]
  3. ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[3]
  4. ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.[1]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo: Typhoon Center 2001 (PDF) (Report). Japan Meteorological Agency. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  2. ^ "Historical Exchange Rates". Oanda Corporation. 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  3. ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on 26 July 2007. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gary Padgett. "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary November 2001". Australian Severe Weather. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  5. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Tropical Storm 27W (Lingling) Warning Number 9". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 8 November 2001. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 7 July 2014 suggested (help)
  6. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Lingling) Warning Number 13". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 9 November 2001. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 7 July 2014 suggested (help)
  7. ^ a b c Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 2001 Lingling (2001309N10130). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 6 July 2014.
  8. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Lingling) Warning Number 17". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 10 November 2001. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2014. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 7 July 2014 suggested (help)
  9. ^ Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center; Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Typhoon (TY) 27W (Lingling) (PDF) (2001 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. p. 142.
  10. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Lingling) Warning Number 21". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2001. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  11. ^ "Prognostic Reasoning for Typhoon 27W (Lingling) Warning Number 23". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 11 November 2001. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  12. ^ Staff writer (7 November 2001). "Flash floods from tropical storm Lingling cause deaths and damage in Philippines". Cagayan de Oro, Philippines. Associated Press.
  13. ^ a b Pat Roque (8 November 2001). "Rescuers call for help digging out dead, searching for missing from tropical storm Lingling". Mahinog, Philippines. Associated Press.
  14. ^ Pat Roque (8 November 2001). "Workers dig mass graves as death toll rises in Philippines from tropical storm Lingling". Mahinog, Philippines. Associated Press.
  15. ^ "Philippines - Tropical Storm OCHA Situation Report No. 1". ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 8 November 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  16. ^ "Philippines - Typhoon Lingling OCHA Situation Report No. 2". ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 15 November 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  17. ^ Staff writer (11 November 2001). "With Typhoon Lingling on its way, Vietnam starts evacuating elderly, children". Hanoi, Vietnam. Associated Press.
  18. ^ "Viet Nam - Typhoon OCHA Situation Report No. 1". ReliefWeb. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. 13 November 2001. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
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