Latex allergy is uncommon in the general population, at least compared to high-risk groups such as hospital workers and spina bifida patients. Estimates suggest a worldwide prevalence of around 4.3% among the general population.[1] Between 1% and 6% of the general population in the United States has latex allergy; assays of antibody levels in the blood suggest that 2.7 million to 16 million Americans are affected by some form of latex sensitivity.[2] Females are approximately three times as likely as males to have latex allergies.[3] Possible risk factors for the female population include increased employment in high-risk occupations and enhanced histamine release caused by female hormones.[4]
Edits for Epidemiology section
The prevalence of latex allergy is greater in certain populations with increased exposure and has historically been studied in this context. [5] Specifically, regular and prolonged occupational exposure to latex is a known risk factor for the development of an allergy. [6] Healthcare workers, dental specialists, food service workers, cosmetologists, rubber industry workers, law enforcement personnel, and painters are among some of the highest-risk occupations.[6] It is estimated that the worldwide prevalence of latex allergy in healthcare workers is 9.7%-12.4%.[5] Latex allergy became a more common problem in healthcare in the 1980s and 1990s with the adoption of universal precautions, which involved frequent use of latex gloves, with the emergence of HIV/AIDs.[5] The rates of latex allergy dropped to 4-7% in the healthcare setting with the widespread introduction of non-powdered latex gloves.[7] On December 19, 2016, the FDA officially banned the use of powdered gloves in the US healthcare setting, citing the unnecessary burden of potential injury due to allergy. [8] General latex avoidance protocols have been put into place in healthcare settings in the US and many other developed countries with the switch to nitrile gloves.[6][7] However, latex exposure in healthcare settings in developing countries from latex gloves or latex components of medical devices such as urinary catheters, dialysis ports, or vial stoppers, remains a significant concern.[6][7]
- ^ Wu, Miaozong; McIntosh, James; Liu, Jian (March 20, 2016). "Current prevalence rate of latex allergy: Why it remains a problem?". Journal of Occupational Health. 58 (2): 138–144. doi:10.1539/joh.15-0275-RA. PMC 5356959. PMID 27010091.
- ^ Neugut, Alfred I.; Ghatak, Anita T.; Miller, Rachel L. (January 8, 2001). "Anaphylaxis in the United States: An Investigation Into Its Epidemiology". Archives of Internal Medicine. 161 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1001/archinte.161.1.15. PMID 11146694. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Tomazic, Vesna J.; Withrow, Thomas J.; Fisher, Benjamin R.; Dillard, Sharon F. (August 1992). "Latex-associated allergies and anaphylactic reactions". Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 64 (2): 89–97. doi:10.1016/0090-1229(92)90185-Q. PMID 1643748. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Warshaw, Erin M. (July 1998). "Latex allergy". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 39 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70397-4. PMID 9674393. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ a b c Nucera, Eleonora; Aruanno, Arianna; Rizzi, Angela; Centrone, Michele (2020-09-28). "Latex Allergy: Current Status and Future Perspectives". Journal of Asthma and Allergy. 13: 385–398. doi:10.2147/JAA.S242058. ISSN 1178-6965. PMC 7532063. PMID 33061465.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b c d Parisi, Claudio A.S.; Kelly, Kevin J.; Ansotegui, Ignacio J.; Gonzalez-Díaz, Sandra Nora; Bilò, Maria Beatrice; Cardona, Victoria; Park, Hae-Sim; Braschi, Maria Chiara; Macias-Weinmann, Alejandra; Piga, Mario A.; Acuña-Ortega, Natalhie; Sánchez-Borges, Mario; Yañez, Anahí (2021-07-28). "Update on latex allergy: New insights into an old problem". The World Allergy Organization Journal. 14 (8): 100569. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100569. ISSN 1939-4551. PMC 8335653. PMID 34386153.
- ^ a b c "Latex allergy: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis". medilib.ir. Retrieved 2024-02-15.
- ^ Health, Center for Devices and Radiological (2023-05-01). "Medical Gloves". FDA.