course assignment | course = Education Program:University of Toronto Mississauga/CCT110: The Rhetoric of Digital and Interactive Media Environments (S2014) | term = 2014 Q1
Water Supplies Department edit
History edit
Under the
- - 1982: Public Works Department
- 1982 -1989: Chief Department Lands and Works Branch
- 1989 - 1997 June 30: Secretariat Works Branch
- July 1, 1997 - June 30, 2002: Works Bureau
- July 1, 2002 - June 30, 2007: Environment, Transport and Works Bureau
- July 1, 2007 to present: Development Bureau
Former Director edit
- Mr Hu (March 1993 - March 1999)
- Phillipson (March 1999 - November 19, 2001)
- CG KO (November 20, 2001 - January 21, 2006) [1]
- Chan Chi-chiu (January 22, 2006 - March 2, 2008) [2]
- Richard McGregor (March 3, 2008 - November 12, 2013) [3]
- Lin Star (November 13, 2013 -)
Water Supply
Hong Kong's public water is divided into two types: freshwater and saltwater . Fresh water is mainly used for human consumption, irrigation and other purposes; while salt water is used for flushing purposes. Due to part of the New Territories is still do not have water supply, it still uses precious fresh water for flushing daily. Freshwater and saltwater were supplied by two completely independent systems, excluding the area no water supply areas. Hong Kong has a total of 21 water treatment plants, the daily processing capacity of approximately 4.8 million cubic meters of fresh water. After leaving the water treatment plant, or extract from the sea, then transported by the pump or water to the low flow principle to all in different locations and heights of the reservoir, and then supplied to the surrounding area.
Water supply systems WSD outsourcing most of the construction and maintenance of Hong Kong's Dian management of the waterworks to local contractors, and a small contractor responsible for outsourcing include: Dian catchwaters water plumbing system, water diversion tunnels, reservoirs (17 ), water treatment plants (21), pumping stations (Fresh Water: 150; sea: 29; fresh and salt water: 7), reservoirs (Fresh Water: 163; sea: 43) and pipes ( watermain: 6,153 km; seawater pipes: 1,582 km) and so on. WSD also operation and maintenance of all our water conduit, distribution inlet pipes, reservoirs, pumping stations, water treatment plants, reservoirs, water pipes and trunk area, to ensure water supply to all users.
Freshwater supply WSD original founding purpose is to provide Hong Kong citizens for clean water. Hong Kong's lack of natural water sources, and therefore took advantage of reservoirs to store rainwater , in order to obtain more adequate supply of fresh water. Since Pok Fu Lam Reservoir after completion in 1863, has built 18 ponds and reservoirs (excluding private pond). Shigemitsu few years later, due to rapid population growth, abundant economic resources, the construction of a new reservoir projects and the scale is enormous. Among famous are built at sea Plover Cove and High Island Reservoir , Hong Kong has 17 water supply reservoirs, with a total capacity of 500 million 86 million cubic meters , the WSD regularly put all kinds of fish in the pond, to maintain the ecological balance in the non-breeding season the fish open for public fishing.
Although continually build reservoirs, water pipes burst and long-term leakage due to other factors, the water supply is still insufficient to support the rapid growth of the population. In 1960, Plover Cove and Shek Pik Reservoir construction works carried out at the same time, the Hong Kong Government began to purchase water with Guangdong Province. Since the beginning, our main source of potable water becomes dependent on Guangdong East River. China subsequently occurred in the 1960s Cultural Revolution , and the British relations deteriorated. The Hong Kong Government do not want to dependent on China's water, so they consider desalination method to obtain fresh water and built Lok desalination plant in 1975. But because of high operating costs and water supply from Dongjiang increasingly stable relationship, desalting plant closed and deactivated in 1982, and blasting demolition in 1992. In recent years, the Water Supplies Department develops alternative sources of water again and provided through desalination using reverse osmosis membrane technology (reverse osmosis membrane technology) for technical and financial feasibility study has been completed desalination, located in Tuen Mun and Ap Lei Chau 's trial Trial operation of the plant, desalination proved technically feasible.
WSD existing seven water selling stations for ship use, located in Causeway Bay , Sai Wan Ho , West , Kung Ngam , Tuen Mun , Yau Ma Tei and Lai Chi Kok .
Less than expected due to population growth, Hong Kong Industries began to move northward and Hong Kong people in recent years began water conservation, Dongjiang water supply have suspected overdose. Based on the contract provisions, Hong Kong must be purchased at least about 800 million cubic meters of Dongjiang water consumption over HK $ 2.4 billion of public money annually. But because our reservoirs due to climate change and become adequate head, there's the case of overflow from reservoirs. In 2005, the government had indicated that they hope to reach a new water supply agreement and consider flexible supply arrangements with Guangdong. New Dongjiang water supply agreement was signed in April 12, 2006 , to ensure that we would at least be eligible to get a flexible water supple until 2008, and water supply is according to actual demand rather than forecasting demand.
However, Hong Kong leakage rate is the highest and the most wastage of water compared to neighboring regions; while compared to Singapore, they have been able to reduce the number of methods to purchase the water outsde, food and water are expected to self-sufficiency by 2020. However, storage facilities in Hong Kong in recent years, the construction of reservoirs Dian substantially reduced, and relies on a stable livelihood for Dongjiang water supply.
WSD also has laboratories (Laboratory in New Territories East and North Harbor Laboratory), regularly take samples from storage reservoirs, treatment plants and customer taps, performed a number of tests to check and control the quality of water, sanitation and maintain water levels.