Communication is a very important part of human factors in aviation. The topic of aviation communication will talk about the fact that around the briefly describe aviation communication and two major problems that the big problem for non English speakers and the miscommunication in aviation. The reason of the error that caused by the communication will be covered through the paragraph, and the method to minimize the error by the human factors; such as, the method of education in aviation language speaking. Communication exists between pilot-pilot and pilot-controller, so which contains big chance to cause error in aviation.
Aviation Communication
editCommunication is base on at least two people to send and receive information from each others. That would exist so error between the transfer information, for example, the more information contains to transfer, the more errors will be cause due to the human factors; the greater for the situation, the more clear information they need.[1] English is the aviation language over the world by ICAO, which 190 over 195 countries follow this organization to keep civil aviation safety. Usually, human factors that affect communications include two ways, which are directly and indirectly. Directly means the error caused by the language itself, such as the problem for non English speakers. And also the gender, age and experience would indirectly impact the communication in aviation.[2]
Non-English speakers
editThe big problem in aviation communication is the accent and dialect during the communication. These kind of communications may cause misunderstanding and wrong information by the non English speakers.[3] Except that, structure of speech is another problem that occurs because the insufficient English skill, such as grammar and vocabulary. Moreover, when they communicate by English for non-English speakers, genders and race may effect them to communicate through second languages which is a indirect impact in communication.[4] In addition, intonation due to signal limitations, lack of function words, standard phraseology and rapid speech rate also plague many non English speakers.[5] As a result, both pilots and ATCs need to have enough English level to accomplish their tasks. Through the education for helping improve the aviation English not only focus on textbook, but still need experience in actual environment such as a lab experience can help speakers to improve their English more fluency and avoid misunderstanding which help non-English speakers to communicate normally. [6]
Miscommunication
editGenerally, Miscommunication is caused by mishearing by the pilots for 28%, pilot not responding for 20%, controller mishearing for 15% and 10% that controllers do not respond.[7]And also, a professional research shows that 30% of the information will be lost during the miscommunication.[8] Moreover, miscommunication exists in personnel with different background of linguistic is shown to be one of the major problem in miscommunication to cause aviation accidents.[9] To avoid or minimizing miscommunication could by standardized debriefing or an interview process, which is follow a checklist to supplement written data.[10]
What should be like to avoid miscommunicate?
i.e. Who is flying the aircraft? "you have the controls", "I have the controls" should be sound to avoid miss pilots to control the aircraft.[11]
- ^ Powell, Stephen M. (January 2006). "My copilot is a nurse—Using crew resource management in the OR". AORN journal. 83 (1): 178-202.
- ^ Helmreich, R; Davies, J (2004). "Culture, threat, and error: Lessons from aviation". Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia: R1-R4.
- ^ Tiewtrakul, T.; Fletcher, S.R. (February 2010). "The challenge of regional accents for aviation English language proficiency standards: A study of difficulties in understanding in air traffic control–pilot communications". Ergonomics: 229-239.
- ^ Talburt, Susan; Stewart, Melissa (Dec 17, 2002). "What's the Subject of Study Abroad?:Race, Gender, and "Living Culture"". The modern language journal: 173.
- ^ Trippe, Julia; Pederson, Eric (2013). "Prosodic profile of American Aviation English". The journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 134 (5).
- ^ Ragan, Peter H. (Winter 1997). "Aviation English: An Introduction". Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research. 7: 25-36.
- ^ Skaltsas, Gerasimos (March 2013). "n analysis of air traffic controller-pilot miscommunication in the NextGen environment". Journal of air transport management: 46-51.
- ^ Gillespie, Brigid M. (May 2012). "Interruptions and Miscommunications in Surgery: An Observational Study". AORN journal. 95 (5): 576-590.
- ^ Bowles, Hugo (January 2014). "How about getting those guys in the tower to speak English? Miscommunication, ELF and Aviation Safety". Textus: 85-100.
- ^ Mattson, M (2001). "Integrating safety in the aviation system: Interdepartmental training for pilots and maintenance technicians". Journal of air transportation world wide. 6 (1): 37-63.
- ^ Powell, Stephen M. (January 2006). "My copilot is a nurse—Using crew resource management in the OR". AORN journal. 83 (1): 178-202.