Reliable Sources For / Against the Aquatic Ape Hypothesis (talk) edit

For

44+ experts (20 notable), number of RS = 120+

RS Against

30+ experts (12 notable), number of RS = 35+

RS
Definition
Edited volumes
  • Half of "Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?" [12]
  • "Marine Fat and Human Health" [13]
  • "Human Brain Evolution" [14]
  • "Was Man More Aquatic In The Past?" [15]
  • "Trekking the Shore" [16]
4
  • Half of "Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?" [12]
1
Reception & theoretical considerations 18 9
Fossil records 20 2
Archaeology 21 1
Comparative zoology 7 1
Wading bipedalism 5
  • Robert Meier (anthropologist) [105]
1
Hair reduction, parasites 2 5
Shore-based diet, brain enlargement, fat tissue 25 10
Diving & swimming physiology, speech 14
  • Jan Wind (MD) [165] [166]
  • Joseph Ghesquire & Helen Bunkens (physical educator) [167]
  • Ann MacLarnon (anthropologist) [168] [169]
5
Water birth 4
  • others [11]

Note: Bold = Notable or prolific, Italic = Not counted, Stroke = Non reliable (blogs, Medical Hypothesis, Bentham?)


  1. ^ Westenhöfer M (1942) Der Eigenweg des Menschen: dargestellt auf Grund von vergleichend morphologischen Untersuchungen über die Artenbildung und Menschwerdung [The Path Travelled by Man Alone]. Mannstaedt & Co.. [cited by 20]
  2. ^ Westenhöfer M (1948) Die Grundlagen meiner Theorie vom Eigenweg des Menschen: Entwicklung, Menschwerdung, Weltanschauung. Heidelberg : Winter-Verl.. [cited by 5]
  3. ^ Hardy AC (1960) Was man more aquatic in the past?. New Scientist 17 Mar 7 (174): 642-645. [cited by 175]
  4. ^ Hardy AC (1960) Has man an aquatic past?. The Listener and BBC Television Review 63 (1624): 839-941. [cited by 1]
  5. ^ Hardy AC (1977) Was there a Homo aquaticus?. Zenith 15 (1): 4-6. [cited by 8]
  6. ^ Morgan E (1972) The Descent of Woman. Souvenir Press. [cited by 338]
  7. ^ Morgan E (1982) The Aquatic Ape. Stein & Day Pub. [cited by 136]
  8. ^ Morgan E (1990) The Scars of Evolution. Souvenir Press. [cited by 103]
  9. ^ Morgan E (1997) The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis: The Most Credible Theory of Human Evolution. Penguin. [cited by 65]
  10. ^ Morgan E (2008) The Naked Darwinist: Questions about human evolution. Eildon Press. [cited by 2]
  11. ^ Morgan E (2009) TED talk: Elaine Morgan says we evolved from aquatic apes. TED.
  12. ^ a b Roede M, Wind J, Patrick J, Reynolds V (eds.) (1991) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction? Proceedings from the Valkenburg Conference. Souvenir Press. [cited by 31]
  13. ^ Crawford MA, Kirby E (eds.) (2002) Proceedings of “Marine Fat and Human Health—the Letten F. Saugstad Symposium in honour of Elaine Morgan, 4 November 2000”. Nutrition and Health 16 (1).
  14. ^ Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) (2010) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell.
  15. ^ [non-RS?] Vaneechoutte M, Kuliukas AV, Verhaegen M (eds.) (2011) Was Man More Aquatic In The Past? Fifty Years After Alister Hardy - Waterside Hypothesis Of Human Evolution. Bentham Science Publishers.
  16. ^ Bicho NF, Haws JA, Davis LG (eds.) (2011) Trekking the Shore: Changing Coastlines and the Antiquity of Coastal Settlement. Springer. [cited by 3]
  17. ^ Tobias PV (1998) Water and human evolution. Out There 35: 38-44. [cited by 20]
  18. ^ Tobias PV (1998) Interview in BBC Documentary "The Aquatic Ape". BBC Discovery Channel.
  19. ^ Tobias PV (2000) The role of water in the extra-African dispersal of humanity. Proceedings of Meeting in honour of Phillip V. Tobias. [cited by 2]
  20. ^ Tobias PV (2002) Some aspects of the multifaceted dependence of early humanity on water. Nutrition and Health 16 (1): 13-17. [cited by 12]
  21. ^ Tobias PV (2002) An afro-european and euro-african human pathway through Sardinia, with notes on humanity’s world-wide water traversals and proboscidean comparisons. Human Evolution 17 (3-4): 157-173. [cited by 5]
  22. ^ Tobias PV (2010) Foreword: Evolution, Encephalization, Environment. In Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell.
  23. ^ Cameron DW, Groves CP (2004) Bones, Stones and Molecules: "Out of Africa" and Human Origins. Academic Press. [cited by 35]
  24. ^ Tattersall I (2010) Macroevolutionary Patterns, Exaptation, and Emergence in the Evolution of the Human Brain and Cognition. In Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell.
  25. ^ Sauer CO (1962) Seashore – Primitive home of man?. Proceedings of the American Philosopical Society 106 (1): 41–47. [cited by 68]
  26. ^ Ellis R (2001) Aquagenesis: The Origin and Evolution of Life in the Sea. Viking.
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  29. ^ Calvin WH (1990) The Ascent of Mind: Ice Age Climates and the Evolution of Intelligence. New York: Bantam. [cited by 104]
  30. ^ Calvin WH (2002) A Brain for All Seasons: Human Evolution and Abrupt Climate Change. University of Chicago Press. [cited by 89]
  31. ^ Kingdon J (2003) Lowly origin: where, when, and why our ancestors first stood up. Princeton University Press. pp. 242. [cited by 48]
  32. ^ Adams D (2002) Preface. In Russell M (ed.) Digging Holes in Popular Culture: Archaeology and Science Fiction. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
  33. ^ Attenborough D (2002) BBC Documentary: The Life of Mammals. BBC Discovery Channel. [cited by 18]
  34. ^ Attenborough D (2005) BBC Radio 4: Scars of Evolution. BBC.
  35. ^ Dart R (1960) The Recency of Man's Aquatic Past. New Scientist 30 Jun 7 (189): 1668-1669.
  36. ^ Langdon JH (1997) Umbrella hypotheses and parsimony in human evolution: a critique of the Aquatic Ape Hypothesis. Journal of Human Evolution 33 (4): 479–94. [cited by 23]
  37. ^ Langdon JH (2006) Has an aquatic diet been necessary for hominin brain evolution and functional development?. British Journal of Nutrition 96: 7-17. [cited by 19]
  38. ^ Gee H (2001) In search of deep time: beyond the fossil record to a new history of life. Cornell University Press. [cited by 89]
  39. ^ Lowenstein JM, Zihlman AL (1980) The Wading Ape - A Watered-Down Version of Human Evolution. Oceans 17: 3-6. [cited by 2]
  40. ^ [non-RS] Hawks J (2005) Why anthropologists don't accept the Aquatic Ape Theory. John Hawks Weblog. ScienceBlogs.
  41. ^ [non-RS] Myers PZ (2009) Oh, no, not the Aquatic Ape hypothesis!. Pharyngula. ScienceBlogs.
  42. ^ [non-RS] Laden G (2009) Musings on the Aquatic Ape Theory. Greg Laden's Blog. ScienceBlogs.
  43. ^ Turner A (1991) Adaptation and the Aquatic Ape. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press.
  44. ^ Dunsworth HM (2007) Human Origins 101. ABC-CLIO. pp. 121. [cited by 1]
  45. ^ Regal B (2004) Human evolution: a guide to the debates. ABC-CLIO. pp. 210. [cited by 13]
  46. ^ Bridgeman B (2003) Psychology & Evolution: The Origins of Mind. SAGE Publications. pp. 64. [cited by 40]
  47. ^ Stewart KM (1989) Fishing Sites of North and East Africa in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. [cited by 36]
  48. ^ Stewart KM (1991) Modern Fishbone Assemblages at Lake Turkana, Kenya: A Methodology to Aid in Recognition of Hominid Fish Utilisation. Journal of Archaeological Science 18 (5): 579-603. [cited by 26]
  49. ^ Stewart KM, Stevens NJ, Robbins LH (1994) Early Hominid Utilisation of Fish Resources and the Implications for Seasonality and Behaviour. Journal of Human Evolution 27 (1–3): 229–245. [cited by 60]
  50. ^ Stewart KM, Gifford-Gonzalez DP (1994) An Ethnoarchaeological Contribution to Identifying Hominid Fish Processing Sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 21 (2): 237-248. [cited by 20]
  51. ^ Stewart KM (2003) Fossil Fish Remains from Mio-Pliocene Deposits at Lothagam, Kenya. In Leakey MG, Harris JM (eds.) Lothagam: The Dawn of Humanity in Eastern Africa. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 75-115. [cited by 19]
  52. ^ Stewart KM (2010) The Case for Exploitation of Wetlands Environments and Foods by Pre-sapiens Hominins. In Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell. [cited by 1]
  53. ^ Joordens JCA, Wesselingh FP, de Vos J, Vonhof HB, Kroon D (2009) Relevance of aquatic environments for hominins: a case study from Trinil (Java, Indonesia). Journal of Human Evolution, 57 (6): 656-671. [cited by 20]
  54. ^ Holmes J, Atkinson T, Darbyshire F, Horne D, Joordens J, Roberts M, Whittaker J (2010) Middle Pleistocene climate and hydrological environment at the Boxgrove hominin site (West Sussex, UK) from ostracod records. Quaternary Science Reviews 29 (13-14): 1515-1527. [cited by 11]
  55. ^ Joordens JCA (2011) The power of place: hominin evolution and dispersal driven by climate change between ~ 5 - 2.5 Ma. In Joordens JCA. The power of place: climate change as driver of hominin evolution and dispersal over the past five million years. PhD thesis. VU University Amsterdam.
  56. ^ [non-RS] Verhaegen MJB (1985) The aquatic ape theory: Evidence and a possible scenario. Medical Hypotheses 16 (1): 17–32. [cited by 23]
  57. ^ Verhaegen MJB (1987) Origin of hominid bipedalism. Nature 325 (6102): 305–6. [cited by 12]
  58. ^ Verhaegen MJB (1991) Aquatic Features in Fossil Hominids?. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 9]
  59. ^ Verhaegen MJB (1993) Aquatic versus Savanna: Comparative and Paleo-Environmental Evidence. Nutrition and Health 9 (3): 165-191. [cited by 9]
  60. ^ Verhaegen MJB (1994) Australopithcines: Ancestors of the African Apes?. Human Evolution 9: 121-139. [cited by 16]
  61. ^ Verhaegen M, Puech PF (2000) Hominid lifestyle and diet reconsidered: paleo-environmental and comparative data. Human Evolution 15 (3-4): 175-186. [cited by 12]
  62. ^ Verhaegen M, Puech PF, Munro S (2002) Aquarboreal ancestors?. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17 (5): 212–217. [cited by 21]
  63. ^ Verhaegen M, Munro S, Vaneechoutte M, Bender-Oser N, Bender R (2007) The original econiche of the genus Homo: Open Plain or Waterside?. In Munoz SI (ed.) Ecology Research Progress. Nova Science Publishers. [cited by 3]
  64. ^ Verhaegen M, Munro S (2011) Pachyosteosclerosis suggests archaic Homo frequently collected sessile littoral foods. HOMO - Journal of Comparative Human Biology 62 (4): 237–247.
  65. ^ Shabel AB (2009) Craniodental morphology and biogeochemistry of African carnivorans: Toward a new model of Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution. University of California, Berkeley. [cited by 1]
  66. ^ Shabel AB (2010) Brain Size in Carnivoran Mammals That Forage at The Land-Water Ecotone, With Implications For Robust Australopithecine Paleobiology. In Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell.
  67. ^ LaLumiere LP (1991) The Evolution of Genus Homo: Where it Happened. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 5]
  68. ^ Pickford M (1991) Does the Geological Evidence Support the Aquatic Ape Theory?. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 3]
  69. ^ Preuschoft H, Preuschoft S (1991) The Aquatic Ape Theory, seen from Epistemological and Paleoanthropological viewpoints. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 4]
  70. ^ Erlandson JM (1988) The role of shellfish in prehistoric economies: a protein perspective. American Antiquity 53 (1): 102-109. [cited by 67]
  71. ^ Moss ML, Erlandson JM, Stuckenrath R (1990) Wood Stake Weirs and Salmon Fishing on the Northwest Coast: Evidence from Southeast Alaska. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 14: 143-158. [cited by 46]
  72. ^ Erlandson JM (1994) Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. Springer. [cited by 133]
  73. ^ Erlandson JM (2001) The Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations: Paradigms for a New Millennium. Journal of Archaeological Research 9 (4): 287-350. [cited by 169]
  74. ^ Erlandson JM, Moss ML (2001) Shellfish Feeders, Carrion Eaters, and the Archaeology of Aquatic Adaptations. American Antiquity 66 (3): 413-432. [cited by 49]
  75. ^ Rick TC, Erlandson JM, Vellanoweth RL (2001) Paleocoastal Marine Fishing on the Pacific Coast of the Americas: Perspectives from Daisy Cave, California. American Antiquity 66 (4): 595-613. [cited by 59]
  76. ^ Erlandson JM (2004) Anatomically Modern Humans, Maritime Adaptations, and the Peopling of the New World. In Jablonski N (ed.) The First Americans: The Pleistocene Colonization of the New World. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco. pp. 59-92. [cited by 78]
  77. ^ Erlandson JM, Braje TJ, Rick TC, Peterson J (2005) Beads, Bifaces, and Boats: An Early Maritime Adaptation on the South Coast of San Miguel Island, California. American Anthropologist 107 (4): 677–683. [cited by 31]
  78. ^ Erlandson JM, Rick TC, Estes JA, Graham MH, Braje TJ, Vellanoweth RL (2005) Sea otters, shellfish, and humans: 10 000 years of ecological interaction on San Miguel Island, California. In Garcelon D, Schwemm C (eds.) Proceedings of the Sixth California Islands Symposium. National Park Service Technical Publication. pp. 9-21. [cited by 30]
  79. ^ Erlandson JM, Fitzpatrick SM (2006) Oceans, islands, and coasts: Current perspectives on the role of the sea in human prehistory. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 1 (1): 5-32. [cited by 48]
  80. ^ Erlandson JM, Graham MH, Bourque BJ, Corbett D, Estes JA, Steneck RS (2007) The Kelp Highway Hypothesis: Marine Ecology, the Coastal Migration Theory, and the Peopling of the Americas. The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 2 (2): 161-174. [cited by 27]
  81. ^ Erlandson JM (2010) Food For Thought: The Role of Coastlines and Aquatic Resources in Human Evolution. In Cunnane SC, Stewart KM (eds.) Human Brain Evolution: The Influence of Freshwater and Marine Food Resources. Wiley-Blackwell. [cited by 2]
  82. ^ Bailey GN (1975) The role of molluscs in coastal economies: the results of midden analysis in Australia. Journal of Archaeological Science 2 (1): 45-62. [cited by 100]
  83. ^ Bailey GN (1977) Shell mounds, shell middens, and raised beaches in the Cape York Peninsula. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 11 (2): 132–143. [cited by 58]
  84. ^ Bailey GN, Parkington J (eds.) (1988) The archaeology of prehistoric coastlines. Cambridge University Press. [cited by 60]
  85. ^ Bailey GN, Milner N (2002) Coastal hunter-gatherers and social evolution - marginal or central?. Before Farming 3_4 (1). [cited by 46]
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  87. ^ Bailey GN (2004) World prehistory from the margins - the role of coastlines in human evolution. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in History and Archaeology 1 (1): 39-50. [cited by 20]
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  89. ^ Bailey GN, Flemming NC (2008) Archaeology of the continental shelf: Marine resources, submerged landscapes and underwater archaeology. Quaternary Science Reviews 27 (23–24): 2153–2165. [cited by 35]
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  92. ^ Ellis DV (1986) Proboscis monkey and aquatic ape. Sarawak Museum Journal 36 (57): 251–262. [cited by 10]
  93. ^ Ellis DV (1991) Is an aquatic ape viable in terms of marine ecology and primate behaviour. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 17]
  94. ^ Ellis DV (1993) Wetlands or aquatic ape? Availability of food resources. Nutrition and Health 9 (3): 205-217. [cited by 10]
  95. ^ Ellis DV (1995) Human Ancestors in Wetland Ecosystems. ReVision 18 (2): 8-12. [cited by 2]
  96. ^ de Waal F (1990) Peacemaking among Primates. Harvard University Press. [cited by 817]
  97. ^ Roede M (1991) Do Aquatic Mammals Provide Support for the Aquatic Ape Theory?. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 1]
  98. ^ Roede M (1991) Aquatic Man. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 2]
  99. ^ Leyhausen P (1991) What Constitutes an Aquatic Mammal?. In Roede M et al. (eds.) Aquatic Ape: Fact of Fiction?. Souvenir Press. [cited by 2]
  100. ^ Niemitz C (2002) A Theory on the Evolution of the Habitual Orthograde Human Bipedalism – The "Amphibische Generalistentheorie". Anthropologischer Anzeiger 60 (1): 3–66. [cited by 12]
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