User:Buster40004/Sandbox/Projects/Japanese aircraft engines 1910 - 1945

Aichi Engines

Aichi AE1 Atsuta

Aichi Atsuta was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with a 130 mm bore and 160 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 1100 horsepower (820 kW). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 601A engine built under license by Aichi. Various models of this engine were used to power the D4Y "Susie" and the M6A "Serian". The engine was notoriously unreliable in both Japanese and German front-line service, and the Japanese redesigned the D4Y to use a less troublesome radial engine. A properly maintained Atsuta was able to maintain adequate performance on marginal fuel. The Atsuta was named after the factory in which it was produced.

Achi Atsuta AE1 Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	kW	Notes
AE1A	Atsuta 12	1400 hp (takeoff) 1290 hp (16,405 feet)	1044 kW (takeoff) 962 kW (5000 m)
AE1P	Atsuta 32	1400 hp (takeoff) 1290 hp (16,405 feet)	1044 kW (takeoff) 962 kW (5000 m)

Aichi Ha-70

Aichi Ha-70

Model	Name	Horsepower	kW	Notes
	Ha-70	3,400 hp (takeoff)	2,500 kW (takeoff)	Two coupled Atsuta twelve-cylinder liquid-cooled supercharged 60° inverted Vee aircraft piston engines

Hiro Naval Arsenal Engines

Hitachi Engines

Hitachi Ha-12

The Hitachi Ha-12 was a low-power (150 hp or 112 kW) air-cooled seven-cylinder radial engine. It was known as the Type 95 when used in Army service

Hitachi Ha-13

The Hitachi Ha-13 was a low-power air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. It was known as the Type 98 when used in Army service

Hitachi GK2 Amakaze

The Hitachi Amakaze (Also known as the Tempu) was a low-power air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. The Amakaze is a small (17.9 L) workhorse radial engine designed in the late 1920s that stayed in production through the end of the war. Starting out as a no-frills 300 hp engine (Amakaze 11) with no accessory options, it was continually developed and up-rated through out its life. The Amakaze/Tempu powered several small trainers, float planes and utility aircraft for the Army and Navy. The 30 series engines were introduced into service in 1944. The Amakaze name and model number is cast into the nose case, along with the Hitachi company logo.

Hitachi GK2 Amakaze Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	kW	Notes
GK2A	Amakaze 11	340 hp (takeoff)	254 kW (takeoff)
GK2B	Amakaze 21	515 hp (takeoff) 480 hp (4,920 feet)	384 kW (takeoff) 358 kW (1500 m)
GK2C	Amakaze 31	610 hp (takeoff) 480 hp (4920 feet)	455 kW (takeoff) 358 kW (1500 m)

Hitachi GK4 Hatsukaze

The Hitachi Hatsukaze 11 was a license Built Hirth HM 504 inverted inline four cylinder aviation engine. The Kyushu K9W1 Type 2 Momiji ("Cypress") was powered by a Hitachi GK4A Hatsukaze 11 and the Kokusai Ki-86 Type 4 ("Cypress") was powered by the Hitachi Ha-47 11. Both engines were essentially identical, developing 110 hp. Both aircraft were also nearly identical, as they were both license built Bücker Bü 131's.[1]

Hitachi built 1,037 for Army as Ha-47 11 and 339 for the Navy Air Services as the GK4A Hatsukaze 11.[2]

The Hatsuzake engine was also used as the power section for the Ishikawajima Tsu 11 Motorjet engine which was to power the Yokosuka MXY7 Ohka 22. The Tsu-11 was also selected to power the Yokosuka MXY-9 Shuka ("Autumn Fire") - a trainer intended to prepare pilots for the Mitsubishi J8M rocket-powered interceptor. Neither of these aircraft entered service, however, as their development took place too late in the war.

The standard Hatsukaze 11 engine was modified at a Navy arsenal by replacing the propeller drive shaft and engine front crankcase cover with a step-up gearbox. After modification, the engine was designated as the Hatsukaze Toku ("Toku" translates as "special") Model 13. The gearbox increased engine output shaft RPM at a 1:3 ratio. At engine speed of 3,000 RPM, the compressor section was operating at 9,000 RPM.

The compressed air was then ducted into a combustion chamber where a liquid fuel was sprayed. The heated compressed air then exits through the tailpipe providing static thrust of 180 kg (396 lb). It is likely that about 1/3 of the total thrust was contributed by adding the combustion chamber aft of the compressor.

[1] Francillon: 505 [2] Bridgeman, Leonard. “The Bücker Bü 131B “Jungmann”.” Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. ISBN 1-85170-493-0.

Hitachi GK4 Hatsukaze Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	kW	Notes
GK4A	Hatsukaze 11	110 hp
GK4A	Hatsukaze Toku 13	110 hp		Engine for Ishikawajima Tsu 11 Motorjet
GK4A	Ha-47 11	110 hp		Army model

Kawasaki Engines

Kawasaki Ha-9

The Kawasaki Ha-9 was a liquid-cooled V-12 aircraft engine. The Ha-9-IIb produced 634 kW (850 hp) at takeoff, 578 kW (775 hp) at sea level, and 708 kW (950 hp) at 3800 m (12,470 feet). Over 2000 were produced.

Kawasaki Ha-40

The Kawasaki Ha-40 also known as the Army Type 2 liquid-cooled engine, and under the Unified designation system, as the Kawasaki [Ha-60] 22. It was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with a 130 mm bore and 160 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 820 kW (1100 hp). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 601A engine built under license by Kawasaki. This engine was used to power the Ki-61 "Tony". The engine was notoriously unreliable in both Japanese and German front-line service, and the Japanese redesigned the Tony to use a less troublesome radial engine. On the other hand, the engine used fuel injection, making it insensitive to negative-G forces. A properly maintained Ha-40 was also able to maintain performance on marginal fuel.

Kawasaki Ha-140

The Kawasaki Ha-140 was a twelve-cylinder inverted "V" engine with bore of 154mm (6.06 in) and stroke of 103mm (4.06 in) for a nominal power rating of 1081 kW (1450 hp). It was the German Dialmer Benz DB 605 engine built under license. The engine was used on later models of the Ki-61 "Tony", but proved unreliable, having tight tolerances that stretched the capacity of Japanese manufacturing.

Mitsubishi Engines

Mitsubishi MK1 Ha-26

The Mitsubishi Ha-26 was a two-row 14-cylinder air-cooled radial engine also known as the Army Type 99 radial engine.

Mitsubishi Ha-26 Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
MK1A	Army Type 99 Model 1 (Mitsubishi Ha-26-I)	870 hp	549 kW	also known as Shinten
MK1A	Army Type 99 Model 1 (Mitsubishi Ha-26-I)	900 hp		also known as Shinten
MK1B	Army Type 99 Model 2 (Mitsubishi Ha-26-II)	900 hp		also known as Shinten-kai
MK1B	Army Type 99 Model 2 (Mitsubishi Ha-26-II)	940 hp	700 kW	also known as Shinten-kai

Mitsubishi MK2 Zuise

The Mitsubishi Zuisei ("Holy Star") 13 was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 130 mm (5.12 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.3 L (1,970 in³) . It resembled the Ha-26 series engines.

Mitsubishi Ha-102

The Mitsubishi Ha-102 was also known as the Mitsubishi Army Type 1 radial when used on IJA aircraft, Mitsubishi Zuisei 21 when used on IJN aircraft or [Ha-31] 21 under the unified system near the end of 1944. It was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 130 mm (5.12 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.3 L (1,970 in³) and a nominal power rating of 805 kW (1080 hp) for takeoff and 787 kW (1055 hp) at 2800 meters (9185 feet). Variants of this engine were used on the Ki-46 "Dinah" and the Ki-57 .

Mitsubishi MK2 Zuise Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
MK2A	Zuisei 11	870 hp (takeoff) 850 hp (7500 feet)	649 kW (takeoff) 634 kW (2300 m)	Also known as the [Ha-31] 11
MK2?	Zuisei 13	840 hp	626 kW	Also known as the [Ha-31] 13
MK2?	Zuisei 21	1050 hp		Also known as the [Ha-31] 21

Mitsubishi MK4 Kasei

The Mitsubishi Kasei (火星 "Mars") was an air-cooled fourteen-cylinder double row radial engine with a 150mm bore and 170mm stroke for a displacement of 42.1 Liters. It was based on a Pratt & Whitney design and was the largest 14-cylinder engine produced by Mitsubishi when war broke out.

Mitsubishi MK4 Kasei Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
MK4A	Kasei 11	1,530 hp (takeoff) 1,410 hp (6560 ft) 1,340 hp (13,125 ft)	1141 kW (takeoff) 1051 kW (2000m) 999 kW (4000m)	Also known as the [Ha-32] 11.
MK4B	Kasei 12	1,530 hp	1,140 kW	Also known as the [Ha-32] 12.
MK4D	Kasei 14			Also known as the [Ha-32] 14.
MK4E	Kasei 15	1,530 hp	1,140 kW	Same power as the MK4A 11 with improved altitude performance
MK4G	Kasei 17	1,825 hp 1,850 hp	1,361 kW 1,380 kW
MK4P	Kasei 21	1800 hp 1,850 hp	1342 kW 1,380 kW	Water-methanol injection
MK4Q	Kasei 22	1,850 hp (takeoff) 1,680 hp (6900 ft) 1,540 hp (18,000 ft)	1380 kW (takeoff) 1253 kW (2100m) 1148 kW (5500m)	Also known as the [Ha-32] 22.
MK4R-A	Kasei 23a	1,800 hp (takeoff) 1,575 hp (5900 f) 1,410 hp (15,700 f)	1342 kW (takeoff) 1174 kW (1800m) 1051 kW (4800m)	Also known as the [Ha-32] 23a.
MK4R-C	Kasei 23c	1,820 hp 1,420 hp	1,360 kW 1,060 kW	A turbocharger permitted a high output up to 30,000 feet (9,144 m) instead of only 15,750 feet (4,801 m)
MK4T	Kasei 25	1820 hp (takeoff) 1680 hp (6900 ft) 1540 hp (18,000 ft)	1357 kW (takeoff) 1250 kW (2100m) 1148 kW (5500m)	Also known as the [Ha-32] 25.
MK4U-4	Kasei 26a	1820 hp	1360 kW	Also known as the[Ha-32] 26a. Mechanically-driven 3-speed supercharger
MK4V	Kasei 27	1,795 hp	1,339 kW

Mitsubishi MK8 Kinsei

The Mitsubishi Kinsei (金星 "Golden Star" or "Venus") was a 14-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine with a 140 mm (5.5 in) bore and 150 mm (5.9 in) stroke for a displacement of 32.4 L (1980 in³). It was based on a Pratt & Whitney design and was considered highly reliable by the Japanese. The Ha-101 and Ha-112 were very similar engines manufactured for the Japanese Army.

Mitsubishi MK8 Kinsei Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
MK8?	Kinsei 3	910 hp	679 kW	Also known as the [Ha-33] 3
MK8?	Kinsei 41	1075 hp (takeoff) 990 hp (9200 feet)	802 kW (takeoff) 738 kW (2800m)	Also known as the [Ha-33] 41. The 41/42 were engine for use on the G3M3 "Nell"
MK8?	Kinsei 42	1075 hp (takeoff) 990 hp (9200 feet)	802 kW (takeoff) 738 kW (2800m)	Also known as the [Ha-33] 42. The 41/42 were engine for use on the G3M3 "Nell"
MK8?	Kinsei 43	1000 hp (takeoff) 990 hp (9200 feet)	746 kW (takeoff) 738 kW (2800m)	Also known as the [Ha-33] 43
MK8?	Kinsei 44	1070 hp (takeoff) 1080 hp (6560 feet)	798 kW (takeoff) 805 kW (2000m)	Also known as the [Ha-33] 44
MK8A	Kinsei 51	1280 hp (takeoff) 1200 hp (9845 feet) 1100 hp (20,340 feet)	954 kW (takeoff) 895 kW (3000m) 820 kW (6200m)	Also known as the [Ha-33] 51
	Kinsei 54	1300 hp	969 kW	Also known as the [Ha-33] 54
MK8?	Kinsei 62	1560 hp	1163 kW	Also known as the MK8P or [Ha-33] 62
MK8?	Ha-101	1500 hp (takeoff) 1340 (15,090 feet)	1118 kW (takeoff) 999 kW (4600m)	Also known as Army Type 100
MK8?	Ha-112	1300 hp (takeoff) 1200 hp (9,845 feet) 1100 hp (20,340 feet)	969 kW (takeoff) 895 kW (3000m) 820 kW (6200m)	Also known as [Ha-33] 42
MK8?	Ha-112-II	1500 hp (takeoff) 1250 hp (19,030 feet)	1118 kW (takeoff) 932 kW (5800m)	Also known as Army Type 4
MK8?	Ha-112-II Ru	1500 hp (takeoff) 1250 hp (26,900 feet) 1000 hp (32,810 feet)	1118 kW (takeoff) 932 kW (8200m) 746 kW (10,000m)

Mitsubishi Ha-104

The Mitsubishi Ha-104 was an 18-cylinder, supercharged, air-cooled two-row radial engine rated at 1900 hp. It was used on the Mitsubishi Ki-67 "Peggy". The Mitsubishi Ha-104 Ru (turbocharged) radial engine, 1,491 kW (2,000 hp) was used on the Tachikawa Ki-74. The 1,544 kW (2,070 hp) Ha-104M was used on the Tachikawa Ki-70.

Nakajima Engines

Nakajima Kotobuki

The Nakajima Kotobuki (寿, "Longevity" or "Congratulations") was an air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine. It was known in Army service as the Ha-1.

Nakajima Kotobuki Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
	Kotobuki 2 KAI 2	630 hp (takeoff) 460 hp (9843 feet)	469 kW (takeoff) 343 kW (3000m)	Navy model
	Ha-1b	710 hp (takeoff) 780 hp (9185 feet)	529 kW (takeoff) 582 kW (2800m)	Army model

Nakajima Hikari

The Nakajima Hikari (光, "Light") was an air-cooled nine-cylinder radial engine derived from the Kotobuki by increasing bore and stroke to the maximum practical limits of the cylinders (160mm bore, 180mm stroke for 32 liters (1,940 in³) displacement) Nakajima Hikari Models

Nakajima Hikari Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
	Hikari 1	730 hp (takeoff) 670hp (11,485 feet)	544 kW (takeoff) 500 kW (3500m)
	Hikari 2	700 hp	522 kW

Nakajima Ha-5

The Nakajima Ha-5 was an air-cooled 14-cylinder radial engine using the same cylinder design as the Kotobuki. The Ha-5 was adopted by the Japanese Army as the Type 97. The Nakajima Ha-5 KAI was rated at 634 kW (850 hp)

Nakajima Ha-25

950 hp Army Type 99 radial engine (Nakajima Ha-25)

Nakajima NK1 Sakae

The Nakajima Sakae ("Prosperity") was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a single-speed supercharger and a bore of 130mm and stroke of 150mm. It was derived from the Gnome-Rhone engine produced under license in the 1930s. It could run reliably on a very lean fuel mixture on extended flights, which helped give the A6M "Zero" its impressive range. Kawasaki also produced the engine under license.

Nakajima Sakae Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
NK1B	Sakae 11	1000 hp (takeoff) 970 hp (9800 feet)	746 kW (takeoff) 723 kW (3000m)	Also known as the [Ha-35] 11
NK1C	Sakae 12	940 hp (takeoff) 950 hp (13,800 feet)	701 kW (takeoff) 708 kW (4200m)	Also known as the [Ha-35] 12
NK1F	Sakae 21	1130 hp (takeoff) 1100 hp (9350 feet) 980 hp (19,700 feet)	834 kW (takeoff) 820 kW (2850m) 731 kW (6000m)	Also known as the [Ha-35] 21. The Sakae 21/22 were developed for the J1N "Irving".
NK1F	Sakae 22	1130 hp (takeoff) 1100 hp (9350 feet) 980 hp (19,700 feet)	834 kW (takeoff) 820 kW (2850m) 731 kW (6000m)	Also known as the [Ha-35] 21. The Sakae 21/22 were developed for the J1N "Irving".
	Army Type 99 Ha-25	980 hp (takeoff) 970 hp (11,155 feet)	731 kW (takeoff) 723 kW (3400m)
	Army Type 1 Ha-115	1150 hp (takeoff) 1150 hp (8040 feet) 980 hp (18,375 feet)	857 kW (takeoff) 857 kW (2450m 731 kW (5600m)	Also known as the [Ha-35] 25
	Army Type 1 Ha-115-II	1190 hp (takeoff) 1230 hp (9,185 feet) 950 hp (22,310 feet)	887 kW (takeoff) 917 kW (2800m) 708 kW (6800m)

Nakajima NK7 Mamoru

The Nakajima Mamoru was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a nominal power rating of 1342 kW (1800 hp). The engine was considered economical on fuel and had considerable potential for development, but it had some teething problems. As a result, the Japanese Navy, in an uncharacteristic effort to economize resources, demanded that Nakajima cease production of the engine in favor of more proven designs such as the Sakae and Homare. The Mamoru was used only on early models of the B6N "Jill".

Nakajima Ha-41

The Nakajima Ha-41 was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a nominal power rating of 939 kW (1260 hp). Variants of this engine were used on early models of the Ki-44 "Tojo" and the Ki-49 "Helen", being replaced in later models by the Ha-109.

Nakajima Ha-109

The Nakajima Ha-109 was also known as the Army Type 2 radial or by the Unified system designation, Nakajima [Ha-34] 11. It was an air-cooled 14-cylinder double-row radial engine with a 140 mm bore and 130 mm stroke and a nominal power rating of 1081 kW (1450 hp), making it one of the most powerful Japanese piston engines. Variants of this engine were used on the Ki-44 "Tojo" and the Ki-49 "Helen".

Nakajima NK9 Homare

The Nakajima Homare (誉, "praise" or, more usually, "honor") was an air-cooled 18-cylinder double-row radial engine. It used the same size cylinders as the Sakae (bore of 130mm and a stroke of 150mm for 32.6 liters displacement) Though somewhat mechanically unreliable, later models became increasingly important towards the end of the war. The engine was notable for having a relatively small diameter, which reduced drag.

Nakajima NK9 Homare Models

Model	Name	Horsepower	Wattage	Notes
NK9A	Homare 11	1900 hp	1417 kW	Also known as the HA45 and the [Ha-45] 11.
NK9C	Homare 12	1,825 hp (takeoff) 1,670 hp (7900 feet) 1,560 hp (21,500 feet)	1361 kW(takeoff) 1245 kW (2,400m) 1163 kW (6,550m)	Also known as the [Ha-45] 12.
NK9H	Homare 21	1990 hp (takeoff) 1870 hp (6560 feet) 1625 hp (20,000 feet)	1484 kW (takeoff) 1394 kW (2000m) 1212 kW (6100m)	Also known as the [Ha-45] 21.