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Poland edit

Year Historiacal status Number of inhabitants Remarks
1346-1721 Kingdom of Poland
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth		 3,500 to 5,000[1] mostly Polish wheat merchants and bargees[1]
1721-1771 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth approx. 1,000 including roughly 80% Catholics. The number of inhabitants declined as a result of the Great Northern War and plagues brought by the fighting armies[1] (1700–1721)
1772 Prussia approx. 600[2]
1780 Prussia 2,046 without military persons[3]
1783 Prussia 2,562 in 337 households, without military persons, including 27 Jews (three families)[3]
1788 Prussia 3,077 without military persons[4]
1792 Prussia 3,915 without military persons[4]
1816 Prussia 6,100 including 41% Catholics
1831 Prussia approx. 8,000[2]
1852 Prussia 12,900 mostly Germans, including 26% Catholics
1875 German Empire 31,308[5]
1880 German Empire 34,044[5]
1885 German Empire 36,294[5]
1890 German Empire 41,399 including 28,411 Protestants, 11,165 Catholics, 1,451 Jews and 372 other persons[5]
1900 German Empire 52,204 including 34,415 Protestants, 15,663 Catholics and 1,519 Jews[5][6]
1910 German Empire 57,696 including 37,008 Protestants, 18,539 Catholics and 2,149 other persons including Jews[5]
1921 Second Polish Republic 88,000 including 64.000 Catholics and 22,500 Protestants (24,000 Germans)[7]
1939-1945 Nazi Germany 141,000
1946  Republic of Poland 134,614
1975 Polish People's Republic 322,657
1998  Republic of Poland 386,855
2012  Republic of Poland 368,286

Population edit

 
Town granaries, remainings of the city's mercantile potential during the Polish kingdom
 
At the end of World War II, the gray territories were transferred from Poland to the Soviet Union, and the pink territories from Germany to Poland
Year Number of inhabitants
1771 approx. 1,000, including roughly 80 % Catholics
1772 approx. 600[8]
1780 2,046, without military persons[3]
1783 2,562, without military persons, including 27 Jews[3]
1788 3,077, without military persons[4]
1792 3,915, without military persons[4]
1816 6,100, including 41 % Catholics
1852 12,900, mostly Germans, including 26 % Catholics
1875 31,308[5]
1880 34,044[5]
1885 36,294[5]
1890 41,399, including 28,411 Protestants, 11,165 Catholics, 1,451 Jews and 372 other persons[5]
1900 52,204, including 34,415 Protestants, 15,663 Catholics and 1,519 Jews[5][9]
1910 57,696, including 37,008 Protestants, 18,539 Catholics and 2,149 other persons including the Jews[5] (84 % Germans, nearly 16 % Poles)
1921 88,000, including 64.000 Catholics and 22,500 Protestants (24,000 Germans)[7]
1939-1945   Nazi Germany 141,000
1946   Republic of Poland 134,614
1975 322,657
1998   Republic of Poland 386,855
2012 362,286

German community edit

Since 1772, when the city came under the Prussian rule due to a millitary Partitions of Poland, its ethnic composition began to change. Frederick II quickly implanted 57,475 German families to Prussian Partition in order to solidify his new acquisitions.[10] The process of German colonization and Germanization intensified in the nineteenth century and is known in Polish historiography as Drang nach Osten (German for "push eastward"[11]).

In 1910 the town had 57,696 inhabitants, of which 84 % were Germans and almost 16 % were Poles. When after World War I the regulations of the Treaty of Versailles became effective in 1920, the number of German inhabitants decreased rapidly. In 1921 the town had 88,000 inhabitants, including 24,000 Germans; until 1928 the number of Germans decreased further to almost 12,000.[7] Between 1920 and 1928 despite significant outflow of Germans, population increased by 30 000, as Polish Authorities decided to include to the city an area of more than a dozen suburban communities, inhabited mainly by Poles.[12]

A history of German community in Bydgoszcz ended up with the catastrophy of World War II. Upon the Potsdam Agreement German population living in Poland were transfered to Germany[13], and Poles living in what was before the war Polish "Eastern Borderlands" were moved to Poland.[14]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Historia Bydgoszczy (ed. by M.Biskup). PWN. 1991. pp. 156–164. ISBN 83-01-06667-9.
  2. ^ a b August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 381.
  3. ^ a b c d Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Teil II, Marienwerder 1789, p. 82-83.
  4. ^ a b c d August Karl von Holsche: Der Netzedistrikt, ein Beytrag zur Länder- und Völkerkunde mit statistischen Nachrichten. Königsberg 1793, p. 111.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Posen - Stadtkreis Bromberg Archived 2015-06-02 at the Wayback Machine (2006).
  6. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6. Auflage, Band 3, Leipzig und Wien 1906, p. 448.
  7. ^ a b c Der Große Brockhaus. 15. Auflage, Band 3, Leipzig 1929, p. 366.
  8. ^ August Eduard Preuß: Preußische Landes- und Volkskunde. Königsberg 1835, p. 381.
  9. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon. 6. Auflage, Band 3, Leipzig und Wien 1906, p. 448.
  10. ^ Ritter, Gerhard (1974). Frederick the Great: A Historical Profile. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 179–180. ISBN 0-520-02775-2.
  11. ^ Jerzy Jan Lerski, Piotr Wróbel, Richard J. Kozicki, Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945, 1996, p. 118, ISBN 0-313-26007-9, ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0
  12. ^ Linczerski, Alfons (1971). Kronika Bydgoska:Rozwój terytorialny Bydgszczy. Bydgoszcz: TMMB. pp. 12–13.
  13. ^ "Potsdam Agreement". http://www.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2012-02-21. {{cite web}}: External link in |publisher= (help)
  14. ^ (in English) Jerzy Kochanowski (2001). "Gathering Poles into Poland. Forced Migration from Poland's Former Eastern Territories". In Philipp Ther, Ana Siljak (ed.). Redrawing Nations: Ethnic Cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944-1948. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7425-1094-4.
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