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User:Bluedogtn/US Women's Open Page

< User:Bluedogtn
A blonde-haired female tennis player with white skirt and a white shirt, with a white writstband, swings a right-handed backhand
American Chris Evert won an Open Era record four consecutive titles at the US Open between 1975 and 1978, and a record six overall with victories in 1980 and 1982.

The US Open[a][b] is an annual tennis tournament created in 1881, which the women's did not start till 1887, and played on outdoor hard courts[c] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, New York City, United States.[1][2] The US Open is played during a two-week period in late August and early September, and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[3] Newport (1887–1914), Forest Hills (1915–1920, 1924–1977), and Philadelphia (1921–1923) held the event before it settled in 1978 at the USTA National Tennis Center, now the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, in New York City.[4]

The women's singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1887 to 1911, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner faced the defending champion in a challenge round.[5]The All-Comers winner was awarded the title six times (1888, 1893, 1898, 1901, 1904, 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1912 edition.[6] Since 1887, all matches were played as the best-of-three sets, except during the years of 1891, 1892, 1894, and 1896-1901, when it was scored the best-of-five-sets.[6] Before 1887, the winner of the next game at five-games–all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which were won by the player who had at least six games and at least two games more than his opponent. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds in 1884 for men but for women starting in 1887, and used for all sets in all rounds from 1887 to 1969.[6] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.[6][7][8] In addition, the US Open is the only slam to have a final third set tie-break, which has occured twice in 1981 and in 1985.[3] The court surface changed twice, from grass (1887–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts, since 1978.[9]

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with her name.[10] In 2009, the winner received prize money of US$1,600,000.[11] A bonus pool of $1,000,000 is also to US Open champions who have clinched the first place of the US Open Series.[12] In the U.S. National Championships, Elisabeth Moore (1896, 1901, 1903, 1905) holds the record for most victories with four and Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1909–1911) holds the record for most consecutive titles in the women's singles during the challenge round format at three. After the challenge round ended at the U.S. National Championships, Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918) and Helen Jacobs (1932–1935) holds the all-time record for most consecutive titles with four, and the most overall was eight wins by Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918, 1920–1922, 1926).[3] In the US Open, Chris Evert (1975–1978) holds the record for most consecutive wins at four, and the record for most overall wins at six (1975–1978, 1980, 1982),[3]

Champions

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Key
Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

U.S. National Championship

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Molla Mallory's eight US singles championships is the all–time record among both men and woman.
Year Country Champion # Country Runner–up Score in the final
1887   USA Ellen Hansell †   USA Laura Knight 6–1, 6–0
1888   USA Bertha Townsend ◊   USA Ellen Hansell 6–3, 6–5
1889   USA Bertha Townsend † 2   USA Lida Voorhees 7–5, 6–2
1890   USA Ellen Roosevelt ‡   USA Bertha Townsend 6–2, 6–2
1891   GBR Mabel Cahill †   USA Ellen Roosevelt 6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1892   GBR Mabel Cahill † 2   USA Elisabeth Moore 5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1893   USA Aline Terry ◊   USA Augusta Schultz 6–1, 6–3
1894   USA Helen Hellwig †   USA Aline Terry 7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 3–6, 6–3
1895   USA Juliette Atkinson ‡   USA Helen Hellwig 6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1896   USA Elisabeth Moore ‡   USA Juliette Atkinson 6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1897   USA Juliette Atkinson † 2   USA Elisabeth Moore 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 6–3
1898   USA Juliette Atkinson ◊ 3   USA Marion Jones 6–3, 5–7, 6–4, 2–6, 7–5
1899   USA Marion Jones †   USA Maud Banks 6–1, 6–1, 7–5
1900   USA Myrtle McAteer †   USA Edith Parker 6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1901   USA Elisabeth Moore ◊ 2   USA Myrtle McAteer 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 2–6, 6–2
1902   USA Marion Jones † 2   USA Elisabeth Moore 6–1, 1–0, retired
1903   USA Elisabeth Moore ‡ 3   USA Marion Jones 7–5, 8–6
1904   USA May Sutton ◊   USA Elisabeth Moore 6–1, 6–2
1905   USA Elisabeth Moore ‡ 4   USA Helen Homans 6–4, 5–7, 6–1
1906   USA Helen Homans ‡   USA Maud Barger–Wallach 6–4, 6–3
1907   USA Evelyn Sears ◊   USA Carrie Neely 6–3, 6–2
1908   USA Maud Barger–Wallach †   USA Evelyn Sears 6–3, 1–6, 6–3
1909   USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman †   USA Maud Barger–Wallach 6–0, 6–1
1910   USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman † 2   USA Louise Hammond 6–4, 6–2
1911   USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman † 3   USA Florence Sutton 8–10, 6–1, 9–7
1912   USA Mary Browne   USA Eleonora Sears 6–4, 6–2
1913   USA Mary Browne 2   USA Dorothy Green 6–2, 7–5
1914   USA Mary Browne 3   USA Marie Wagner 6–2, 1–6, 6–1
1915   NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory   USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 4–6, 6–2, 6–0
1916   NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 2   USA Louise Hammond Raymond 6–0, 6–1
1917   NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 3   USA :fr:Marion Vanderhoef 4–6, 6–0, 6–2
1918   NOR Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 4   USA Eleanor E. Goss 6–4, 6–3
1919   USA Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman 4   USA Marion Zinderstein 6–1, 6–2
1920   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 5   USA Marion Zinderstein 6–3, 6–1
1921   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6   USA Mary Browne 4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1922   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 7   USA Helen Wills Moody 6–3, 6–1
1923   USA Helen Wills Moody   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6–2, 6–1
1924   USA Helen Wills Moody 2   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 6–1, 6–3
1925   USA Helen Wills Moody 3   UK Kitty McKane Godfree 3–6, 6–0, 6–2
1926   USA Molla Bjurstedt Mallory 8   USA Elizabeth Ryan 4–6, 6–4, 9–7
1927   USA Helen Wills Moody 4   UK Betty Nuthall Shoemaker 6–1, 6–4
1928   USA Helen Wills Moody 5   USA Helen Jacobs 6–2, 6–1
1929   USA Helen Wills Moody 6   UK Phoebe Holcroft Watson 6–4, 6–2
1930   UK Betty Nuthall Shoemaker   USA Anna McCune Harper 6–1, 6–4
1931   USA Helen Wills Moody 7   UK Eileen Bennett Whittingstall 6–4, 6–1
1932   USA Helen Jacobs   USA Carolin Babcock Stark 6–2, 6–2
1933   USA Helen Jacobs 2   USA Helen Wills Moody 8–6, 3–6, 3–0, retired
1934   USA Helen Jacobs 3   USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 6–1, 6–4
1935   USA Helen Jacobs 4   USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 6–2, 6–4
1936   USA Alice Marble   USA Helen Jacobs 4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1937   CHI Anita Lizana   POL Jadwiga Jędrzejowska 6–4, 6–2
1938   USA Alice Marble 2   AUS Nancye Wynne Bolton 6–0, 6–3
1939   USA Alice Marble 3   USA Helen Jacobs 6–0, 8–10, 6–4
1940   USA Alice Marble 4   USA Helen Jacobs 6–2, 6–3
1941   USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke   USA Pauline Betz Addie 7–5, 6–2
1942   USA Pauline Betz Addie   USA Louise Brough Clapp 4–6, 6–1, 6–4
1943   USA Pauline Betz Addie 2   USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–3, 5–7, 6–3
1944   USA Pauline Betz Addie 3   USA Margaret Osborne duPont 6–3, 8–6
1945   USA Sarah Palfrey Cooke 2   USA Pauline Betz Addie 3–6, 8–6, 6–4
1946   USA Pauline Betz Addie 4   USA Doris Hart 11–9, 6–3
1947   USA Louise Brough Clapp   USA Margaret Osborne duPont 8–6, 4–6, 6–1
1948   USA Margaret Osborne duPont   USA Louise Brough Clapp 4–6, 6–4, 15–13
1949   USA Margaret Osborne duPont 2   USA Doris Hart 6–3, 6–1
1950   USA Margaret Osborne duPont 3   USA Doris Hart 6–4, 6–3
1951   USA Maureen Connolly Brinker   USA Shirley Fry Irvin 6–3, 1–6, 6–4
1952   USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 2   USA Doris Hart 6–3, 7–5
1953   USA Maureen Connolly Brinker 3   USA Doris Hart 6–2, 6–4
1954   USA Doris Hart   USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–8, 6–1, 8–6
1955   USA Doris Hart 2   UK Patricia Ward Hales 6–4, 6–2
1956   USA Shirley Fry Irvin   USA Althea Gibson 6–3, 6–4
1957   USA Althea Gibson   USA Louise Brough Clapp 6–3, 6–2
1958   USA Althea Gibson 2   USA Darlene Hard 3–6, 6–1, 6–2
1959   BRA Maria Bueno   UK Christine Truman Janes 6–1, 6–4
1960   USA Darlene Hard   BRA Maria Bueno 6–4, 10–12, 6–4
1961   USA Darlene Hard 2   UK Ann Haydon Jones 6–3, 6–4
1962   AUS Margaret Court   USA Darlene Hard 9–7, 6–4
1963   BRA Maria Bueno 2   AUS Margaret Court 7–5, 6–4
1964   BRA Maria Bueno 3   USA Carole Caldwell Graebner 6–1, 6–0
1965   AUS Margaret Court 2   USA Billie Jean King 8–6, 7–5
1966   BRA Maria Bueno 4   USA Nancy Richey Gunter 6–3, 6–1
1967   USA Billie Jean King   UK Ann Haydon Jones 11–9, 6–4

US Open

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Steffi Graf is a five-time champion, and won five over a nine year timespan
 
Martina Navratilova is a four-time champion, and won these twice back-to-back
 
Billie Jean King is a four-time champion overall and a three-time champion in the open era, and won three in four year timespan
 
Serena Williams is a three-time champion, and won these over a ten year timespan
Year Country Champion # Country Runner-up Score in the final
1968   GBR Virginia Wade   USA Billie Jean King 6–4, 6–2
1969   AUS Margaret Court 3   USA Nancy Richey Gunter 6–2, 6–2
1970   AUS Margaret Court 4   USA Rosemary Casals 6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1971   USA Billie Jean King 2   USA Rosemary Casals 6–4, 7–6
1972   USA Billie Jean King 3   AUS Kerry Melville Reid 6–3, 7–5
1973   AUS Margaret Court 5   AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 7–6, 5–7, 6–2
1974   USA Billie Jean King 4   AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1975   USA Chris Evert   AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 5–7, 6–4, 6–2
1976   USA Chris Evert 2   AUS Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0
1977   USA Chris Evert 3   AUS Wendy Turnbull 7–6, 6–2
1978   USA Chris Evert 4   USA Pam Shriver 7–5, 6–4
1979   USA Tracy Austin   USA Chris Evert 6–4, 6–3
1980   USA Chris Evert 5   TCH Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1
1981   USA Tracy Austin 2   USA Martina Navrátilová 1–6, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–1)
1982   USA Chris Evert 6   TCH Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1
1983   USA Martina Navrátilová   USA Chris Evert 6–1, 6–3
1984   USA Martina Navrátilová 2   USA Chris Evert 4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1985   TCH Hana Mandlíková   USA Martina Navrátilová 7–6(7–3), 1–6, 7–6(7–2)
1986   USA Martina Navrátilová 3   TCH Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2
1987   USA Martina Navrátilová 4   FRG Steffi Graf 7–6(7–4), 6–1
1988   FRG Steffi Graf   ARG Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1989   FRG Steffi Graf 2   USA Martina Navrátilová 3–6, 7–5, 6–1
1990   ARG Gabriela Sabatini   FRG Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6(7–4)
1991   YUG Monica Seles   USA Martina Navrátilová 7–6(7–1), 6–1
1992   SCG Monica Seles 2   ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3
1993   GER Steffi Graf 3   CZE Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3
1994   ESP Arantxa Sánchez Vicario   GER Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1995   GER Steffi Graf 4   USA Monica Seles 7–6(8–6), 0–6, 6–3
1996   GER Steffi Graf 5   USA Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4
1997    SUI Martina Hingis   USA Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4
1998   USA Lindsay Davenport    SUI Martina Hingis 6–3, 7–5
1999   USA Serena Williams    SUI Martina Hingis 6–3, 7–6(7–4)
2000   USA Venus Williams   USA Lindsay Davenport 6–4, 7–5
2001   USA Venus Williams 2   USA Serena Williams 6–2, 6–4
2002   USA Serena Williams 2   USA Venus Williams 6–4, 6–3
2003   BEL Justine Henin   BEL Kim Clijsters 7–5, 6–2
2004   RUS Svetlana Kuznetsova   RUS Elena Dementieva 6–3, 7–5
2005   BEL Kim Clijsters   FRA Mary Pierce 6–3, 6–1
2006   RUS Maria Sharapova   BEL Justine Henin 6–4, 6–4
2007   BEL Justine Henin 2   RUS Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–1, 6–3
2008   USA Serena Williams 3   SRB Jelena Janković 6–4, 7–5
2009   BEL Kim Clijsters 2   DEN Caroline Wozniacki 7–5, 6–3

Statistics

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Multiple champions

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Title defended in the challenge round
Competed in 2009 +
Champion Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
    Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (NOR) (USA) 8 0 8 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926
  Helen Wills Moody (USA) 7 0 7 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931
  Chris Evert (USA) 0 6 6 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
  Margaret Court (AUS) 2 3 5 1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1973
  Steffi Graf (GER) 0 5 5 1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1996
  Pauline Betz Addie (USA) 4 0 4 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
  Maria Bueno (BRA) 4 0 4 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966
  Helen Jacobs (USA) 4 0 4 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
  Billie Jean King (USA) 1 3 4 1967, 1971, 1972, 1974
  Alice Marble (USA) 4 0 4 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940
  Elisabeth Moore (USA) 4 0 4 1896, 1901, 1903, 1905
  Martina Navratilova (USA) 0 4 0 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987
  Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (USA) 4 0 4 1909, 1910, 1911, 1919
  Juliette Atkinson (USA) 3 0 3 1895, 1897, 1898
  Maureen Connolly Brinker (USA) 3 0 3 1951, 1952, 1953
  Mary Browne (USA) 3 0 3 1912, 1913, 1914
  Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) 3 0 3 1948, 1949, 1950
  Serena Williams (USA) + 0 3 3 1999, 2002, 2008
  Tracy Austin (USA) 0 2 2 1979, 1981
  Mabel Cahill (GBR) 2 0 2 1891, 1892
  Kim Clijsters (BEL) + 0 2 2 2005, 2009
  Sarah Palfrey Cooke (USA) 2 0 2 1941, 1945
  Althea Gibson (USA) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
  Darlene Hard (USA) 2 0 2 1960 , 1961
  Doris Hart (USA) 2 0 2 1954, 1955
  Justine Henin (BEL) 0 2 2 2003, 2007
  Marion Jones (USA) 2 0 2 1899, 1902
  Monica Seles (YUG) 0 2 2 1991, 1992
  Bertha Townsend (USA) 2 0 2 1888, 1889
  Venus Williams (USA) + 0 2 2 2000, 2001

Champions by country

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Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
  United States (USA) 67 21 88 1887 2008
  Australia (AUS) 2 3 5 1962 1973
  Germany (GER) 0 5 5 1988 1996
  Belgium 0 4 4 2003 2009
  Brazil (BRA) 4 0 4 1959 1966
  United Kingdom (UK) 3 1 4 1891 1968
  Norway (NOR) 4 0 4 1915 1918
  Russia (RUS) 0 2 2 2004 2006
  Yugoslavia (YUG) 0 2 2 1992 1992
  Argentina (ARG) 0 1 1 1990 1990
  Chile (CHI) 1 0 1 1937 1937
  Czechoslovakia (TCH) 0 1 1 1985 1985
  Spain (ESP) 0 1 1 1994 1994
   Switzerland (SUI) 0 1 1 1997 1997

References

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  1. ^ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. ^ "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  3. ^ a b c d "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  4. ^ "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. ^ "Elisabeth Holmes Moore HOF Page". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
  6. ^ a b c d Axthelm, Pete (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  8. ^ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  9. ^ Adams, Susan B. (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  10. ^ Fendrich, Howard (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  11. ^ "2009 Prize Money". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  12. ^ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
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