Turkological Transcription edit
Johanson and Csató adopt this system.[1][2]
Vowels edit
| Vowel | Description | IPA |
|---|---|---|
| i | high front unrounded | [i] |
| ï | (high) back unrounded | [ɯ] |
| ü | high front rounded | [y] |
| u | high back rounded | [u] |
| o | low back rounded | [ɔ~o] |
| a | low back unrounded | [a~ɑ] |
| å | low back rounded | [ɔ~ɒ] |
| ä | low front unrounded | [ɛ~æ] |
| ö | low front rounded | [ø~œ] |
| ȧ | lower front unrounded | [æ~a] |
| e | mid front unrounded | [e] |
| Front | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| -round | +round | -round | +round | |
| High | i | ü | ï | u |
| Mid | e | |||
| Low | ä | ö | o | |
| ȧ | a | å | ||
Consonants edit
| Labial | Prepalatal | (Post) Palatal |
Velar, Uvular, Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p, b | t, d | k, g | ḳ, ġ, ? |
| Fricative | f, v , θ, δ | s, z | š, ž | χ, ɣ, h |
| Nasal | m | n | ń | ŋ |
| Affricate | ʦ, ʣ | č, ǰ | ||
| Glide | w | y | ||
| Liquid | l, ḷ, r |